This research proposes a successful technique for identifying individuals using feature extraction methods and signal processing approaches. The novelty of this study is in the use of feature ...extraction methods in conjunction with other signal-processing approaches. While working with the sensors, an artificial neural network (ANN) technique is employed to identify the scent patterns that are present in persons. The numerous gases released by the human body are measured using ten different kinds of sensors, all of which are metal oxide semiconductors. Before using ANN patterns to generate patterns from sensor data, it is important to scan and extract sensory information from that data. Each participant is recognized and scanned for a totally of 1000 different characteristics during the course of the multiple investigations, which are conducted across a variety of time periods that include 5, 10, 15, and 20 people. Because of the varying time periods, signals from sensors are received in analog form, which is then transformed by Arduino into digital form. It is necessary to train an architecture on the data set that has been created. The benchmarks that are employed for the assessment of the model that is presented for the identification of human odor include sensitivity, f-measures, accuracy, and specificity, among other things. Experiments are carried out using the assessment measures, and the findings demonstrate that this model has an accuracy of greater than 85 % in most cases.
Abstract
Background
Prognosis of gallbladder cancer (GBC) has not changed in the past 20 years. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) carries potential to determine the actionability for multiple ...targets, including
ERBB2
,
ERBB3
,
MET
,
ROSI
,
FGFR
, and
PIK3
. This study evaluates the role of CGP and targeted therapies.
Methods
This is a multicenter, prospective, single-arm study. All consecutive patients of unresectable and/or metastatic GBC of age ≥18 years were enrolled. Hybrid capture-based CGP was performed by Foundation Medicine CDx. All patients received first-line chemotherapy with gemcitabine–cisplatin regimen. Patients with
ERBB2/3
amplification received trastuzumab with capecitabine or nab-paclitaxel, and patients with
MET
amplification were treated with crizotinib. For
ERBB2/3
mutations, lapatinib plus capecitabine regimen was used.
Results
Fifty patients were studied with a median age of 56 years (range 26–83) and a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.6.
ERBB2
and
ERBB3
amplification was seen in 9 (18%) and 2 (4%) patients, respectively. Four patients with ERBB2 amplification received trastuzumab and/or lapatinib, showed partial response, and maintained response beyond 12 weeks. One patient had mixed response, whereas two patients progressed on trastuzumab and lapatinib. Three patients with
ERBB3
mutations showed response to lapatinib–capecitabine. One patient with
MET
amplification responded to crizotinib for 4 weeks.
PIK3
mutations were present in 14% of cases and were independent of
ERBB
aberrations.
Conclusion
GBC is enriched in 28% of patients with
ERBB2
and
ERBB3
amplifications and/or mutations. Responses are seen with lapatinib in concurrent
ERBB2
mutation and amplification.
ERBB3
mutation showed response to lapatinib.
MET
and
PIK3
are new findings in GBC, which may be targeted.
•To extract the most informative features of cough audio signal by the concept inference of Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), spectral and statistical features, this aids to increase the ...cough detection performance.•To concatenate all the resultant features to select the weighted based optimal features. It is upgraded into the weighted features, where the weight factor is optimally determined using novel Modified Cat and Mouse Based Optimizer (MCMBO) algorithm that resolves the dimensionality issues.•To frame the Optimized Deep Ensemble Classifier (ODEC) model for classifying the features into presence or absence of COVID19. Here, it possesses Deep Neural Network (DNN), Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), and Radial Basis Function (RBF) to do the classification task, in turn the hidden neurons and epochs are tuned with the help of Modified Cat and Mouse Based Optimizer (MCMBO) algorithm.•To analyze the performance with different metrics and compared over classical heuristic algorithms and other classifier models. The comparative analysis provides the effective results to enhance the robustness of the system.
Since the year 2019, the entire world has been facing the most hazardous and contagious disease as Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Based on the symptoms, the virus can be identified and diagnosed. Amongst, cough is the primary syndrome to detect COVID-19. Existing method requires a long processing time. Early screening and detection is a complex task. To surmount the research drawbacks, a novel ensemble-based deep learning model is designed on heuristic development. The prime intention of the designed work is to detect COVID-19 disease using cough audio signals. At the initial stage, the source signals are fetched and undergo for signal decomposition phase by Empirical Mean Curve Decomposition (EMCD). Consequently, the decomposed signal is called “Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), spectral features, and statistical features”. Further, all three features are fused and provide the optimal weighted features with the optimal weight value with the help of “Modified Cat and Mouse Based Optimizer (MCMBO)”. Lastly, the optimal weighted features are fed as input to the Optimized Deep Ensemble Classifier (ODEC) that is fused together with various classifiers such as “Radial Basis Function (RBF), Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), and Deep Neural Network (DNN)”. In order to attain the best detection results, the parameters in ODEC are optimized by the MCMBO algorithm. Throughout the validation, the designed method attains 96% and 92% concerning accuracy and precision. Thus, result analysis elucidates that the proposed work achieves the desired detective value that aids practitioners to early diagnose COVID-19 ailments.
Due to lack of resources in hospitals, some of patients are shifted in wrong wards or departments that may cause serious consequences, these patients are known as medical outliers. The detection of ...outliers in the medical field is one of critical challenges. In this paper, we used two models of outlier detection techniques in which the first model talks about the outlier mining from distinguished applications of data mining techniques in Medical Databases. In the second model, we utilized statistical methods for outlier mining in medical databases. Both the models emphasize on detecting the outliers in the medical databases by the way of mining through the entire database. First model makes use of the statistical analysis tools for the work and takes care of complicated issues in terms of patient symptoms, diagnoses, and behaviours and hence they are said to be the most promising arenas of outlier determination. This article considers 5 datasets such as Heart, Haberman, Thyroid, Parkinson, and Bupa liver. The statistical analysis shows the better results in terms of skewness, standard deviation, and kurtosis.The experimental results show total 398 outliers for all 5 medical databases
Background
There is an ongoing debate as to whether sex could be associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) benefit. Existing literature data reveal contradictory results, and data on ...first-line immune combinations are lacking.
Method
This was a real-world, multicenter, international, observational study to determine the sex effects on the clinical outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients treated with immuno-oncology combinations as first-line therapy.
Results
A total of 1827 mRCC patients from 71 cancer centers in 21 countries were included. The median OS was 38.7 months (95% CI 32.7–44.2) in the overall study population: 40.0 months (95% CI 32.7–51.6) in males and 38.7 months (95% CI 26.4–41.0) in females (
p
= 0.202). The median OS was higher in males vs. females in patients aged 18-49y (36.9 months, 95% CI 29.0–51.6, vs. 24.8 months, 95% CI 16.8–40.4,
p
= 0.426, with + 19% of 2y-OS rate, 72% vs. 53%,
p
= 0.006), in the clear cell histology subgroup (44.2 months, 95% CI 35.8–55.7, vs. 38.7 months, 95% CI 26.0–41.0,
p
= 0.047), and in patients with sarcomatoid differentiation (34.4 months, 95% CI 26.4–59.0, vs. 15.3 months, 95% CI 8.9–41.0,
p
< 0.001). Sex female was an independent negative prognostic factor in the sarcomatoid population (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.15 − 2.57,
p
= 0.008).
Conclusions
Although the female’s innate and adaptive immunity has been observed to be more active than the male’s, women in the subgroup of clear cell histology, sarcomatoid differentiation, and those under 50 years of age showed shorter OS than males.
•Immune-based combinations are the standard systemic treatment for mRCC.•IMDC prognostic risk score is a prognostic tool developed and validated in the systemic targeted therapy era.•SII is ...associated with survival in several solid neoplasm.•This international multicenter study showed that SII could be a feasible prognostic tool to be used in daily practice.
Systemic treatment with immune combinations is the gold standard for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) worldwide. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a prognostic marker for several types of malignant neoplasms, including mRCC, in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. Data regarding the prognostic value of the SII in patients with mRCC treated with immunotherapy are scarce and controversial.
We retrospectively collected the data of patients with mRCC from 56 centers in 18 countries. SII (Platelet × Neutrophil/Lymphocyte count) was calculated prior to the first systemic treatment and cut-off was defined by a survival receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The primary objective of our retrospective study was to assess the outcomes of patients treated with first-line immunotherapy.
Data from 1034 mRCC patients was collected and included in this analysis. The SII cut-off value was 1265. After a follow-up of 26.7 months, and the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 39.8 and 15.7 months, respectively. According to SII (low vs. high), patients with low-SII had longer OS (55.7 vs. 22.2 months, P < .001), better PFS (20.8 vs. 8.5 months, P < .001), and higher overall response rate (52 vs. 37%, P = .033).
A high SII is associated with poor oncological outcomes in patients with mRCC. SII could be an easily accessible prognostic indicator for use in clinical practice.
The treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma has evolved on last years. Nowadays immune-combinations are the standard treatment in first-line setting. There is no prognostic biomarker for metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the systemic immunotherapy treatment era. Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index is a cheap and readily available prognostic tool to be used in daily clinical practice.
Obesity has been associated with improved response to immunotherapy in cancer patients. We investigated the role of body mass index (BMI) in patients from the ARON-1 study (NCT05287464) treated by ...dual immuno-oncology agents (IO+IO) or a combination of immuno-oncology drug and a tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) as first-line therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).
Medical records of patients with documented mRCC treated by immuno-oncology combinations were reviewed at 47 institutions from 16 countries. Patients were assessed for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (OS), and overall clinical benefit (OCB), defined as the sum of the rate of partial/complete responses and stable disease. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore the association of variables of interest with survival.
A total of 675 patients were included; BMI was >25 kg/m2 in 345 patients (51%) and was associated with improved OS (55.7 vs. 28.4 months, P < .001). The OCB of patients with BMI >25 kg/m2 versus those with BMI ≤25 kg/m2 was significantly higher only in patients with nonclear cell histology (81% vs. 65%, P = .011), and patients with liver metastases (76% vs. 58%, P = .007), Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio >4 (77% vs 62%, P = .022) or treated by nivolumab plus ipilimumab (77% vs. 64%, P = .044). In the BMI ≤25 kg/m2 subgroup, significant differences were found between patients with NLR >4 versus ≤4 (62% vs. 82%, P = .002) and patients treated by IO+IO versus IO+TKIs combinations (64% vs. 83%, P = .002).
Our study suggests that the prognostic significance and the association of BMI with treatment outcome varies across clinico-pathological mRCC subgroups.
Obesity is a well-known risk factor for the development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), one of the most frequent malignant urogenital tumors. The development of immunotherapy (IO)-based combinations for the treatment of metastatic RCC (mRCC) has led to a marked improvement of patients’ outcomes and quality of life. The ARON-1 study (NCT05287464) was designed to globally analyze real-world treatment outcomes of mRCC patients receiving first-line immune-based combinations. In this sub-analysis, we investigated the role of body mass index (BMI) in patients treated by immuno-oncology combinations stratified by clinico-pathological features. According to our results, the prognostic significance and the association of BMI with treatment outcome may vary across clinico-pathological mRCC subgroups.
Background
Immuno-oncology combinations have achieved survival benefits in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).
Objective
The ARON-1 study (NCT05287464) was designed to globally ...collect real-world data on the use of immuno-combinations as first-line therapy for mRCC patients.
Patients and Methods
Patients aged ≥ 18 years with a cytologically and/or histologically confirmed diagnosis of mRCC treated with first-line immuno-combination therapies were retrospectively included from 47 International Institutions from 16 countries. Patients were assessed for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall clinical benefit (OCB).
Results
A total of 729 patients were included; tumor histology was clear-cell RCC in 86% of cases; 313 patients received dual immuno-oncology (IO + IO) therapy while 416 were treated with IO-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (IO + TKI) combinations. In the overall study population, the median OS and PFS were 36.5 and 15.0 months, respectively. The median OS was longer with IO+TKI compared with IO+IO therapy in the 616 patients with intermediate/poor International mRCC Database Consortium (IMDC) risk criteria (55.7 vs 29.7 months;
p
= 0.045). OCB was 84% for IO+TKI and 72% for IO + IO combination (
p
< 0.001).
Conclusions
Our study may suggest that immuno-oncology combinations are effective as first-line therapy in the mRCC real-world context, showing outcome differences between IO + IO and IO + TKI combinations in mRCC subpopulations.
Clinical Trial Registration
NCT05287464.
Cognitive communication helps track active and inactive resident space objects, which is part of Space Situation Awareness (SSA). Gathering and analyzing SSA sensor data helps evaluate the space ...environment, which maintains and enhances Space Traffic Management (STM) coordination and accommodation. Securing cognitive communication is required to protect the accuracy of transmitted data and provide authorized entities access privileges to data and services. It is difficult to create a reliable centralized Identity authentication and access control (AC) system because of the decentralization and heterogeneity of space systems, which can either be a performance bottleneck or a single point of failure. Blockchain technology holds enormous potential for securing cognitive communication-based space networks. We introduce blockchain-enabled, capability-based access control, decentralized authentication, and an automatic vulnerability correction algorithm to help smart contract administrators patch problems and enable efficient protection for devices, services, and information in space networks. A proof-of-concept prototype will be developed and tested on an Ethereum version 2 which uses proof of stake (PoS) blockchain network using both resource-constrained devices (such as Raspberry Pi nodes simulating as satellites with sensor observations) and more powerful computing devices (such as laptops simulating as ground network). The experimentation will be evaluated with computation overhead, latency, anomaly detection contract, and processing overhead. The outcomes of the experiments will demonstrate our objective to provide a decentralized, scalable, lightweight, and fine-grained blockchain solution for securing space communication networks.
Abstract
Objective
Indian data on cancer patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and its outcome are limited. Infectivity and outcome among cancer patients staying in large ...congregations are not known. We conducted this study to address this lacuna in literature.
Methods
This was a retrospective–prospective, observational study of hospitalized cancer patients with proven COVID-19 infection, conducted at tertiary care hospital in New Delhi after ethical approval. We analyzed clinical, laboratorial parameters, and outcomes in these patients.
Results
All 32 admitted male patients became COVID-19 positive and 10 (31%) patients were symptomatic. Median age was 37.5 years (range: 16–64). Sixteen health-care workers (HCWs) were working in the cancer ward (paramedical staff: 4, nurses: 6, residents: 4, and consultants: 2). Among HCWs, two nursing staff and three paramedical staff contracted asymptomatic COVID-19. Eighteen (56%) and 14 (44%) patients were on curative and palliative treatment, respectively. Leukopenia (total leukocyte count <4,000/μL) was seen in 37.5% of cases. Grades 4, 3, 2, and 1 neutropenia were present in 12.5% of patents. Two (6.25%) patients had features of critical COVID-19. Eight (25%) patients received treatment with hydroxychloroquine + azithromycin. Five patients died. Three patients had features of progressive disease with poor performance status. One critical COVID patient survived and one succumbed to COVID-19. Patients shared a common dining room, sanitation area.
Conclusion
Seventy percent of cancer patients were asymptomatic. Cancer patients living in congregation areas are susceptible to COVID-19 with 3% mortality rate. Recent chemotherapy and associated cytopenias may not increase the risk in cancer patients with COVID-19 treated with curative intent. Palliative intended patients are at increased risk of death. N-95, personal protective equipment, and adherence to infection control measures should be encouraged.
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