, as a kind of traditional "medicine and food homologous food" in Asia, could assistance to digestion, nourish the lungs and relieve cough. Some research also suggested that
could prevention of ...hyperglycemia, but the specific mechanism of action was not clear. In this paper, an acidic polysaccharide (CYPB) was isolated from
with the molecular weight of 1.55 × 10
kDa. The determination of the monosaccharide composition of CYPB with ion chromatography showed that CYPB was composed of rhamnose, glucose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose and glucuronic acid with the ratio of 6 : 3.73 : 7.31 : 10.95 : 4.56 : 1. The structural analysis indicated that the CYPB contain 1 → 3, 1 → 4, 1 → 2, 1 → 6 and 1 → 3, 6 glycoside bonds. The experimental results of diabetic mice model induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozocin (STZ) indicated that CYPB could improve clinical symptoms and alleviate the glucose tolerance damage symptoms effectively. The underlying mechanism of regulate blood glucose of CYPB may be related to improve the ability of synthesize glycogen, insulin resistance and reduce gluconeogenesis by regulating the expression of InsR, PI3K, Akt and FoxO3, GLUT4 proteins in PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in T2DM mice.
Tumor‐cell‐derived microparticles (MPs) can function as anticancer drug‐delivery carriers. However, short blood circulation time, large‐size‐induced insufficient tumor accumulation and penetration ...into tumor parenchyma, as well as limited cellular internalization by tumor cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs), and difficult intracellular drug release restrict the anticancer activity of tumor‐cell‐derived MP‐based drug‐delivery systems. In this work, hydrophobicity‐adaptive polymers based on poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) are anchored to tumor‐cell‐derived MPs for enhanced delivery of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The polymers are hydrophilic in blood to prolong the circulation time of DOX‐loaded MPs (DOX@MPs), while rapidly switching to hydrophobic at the tumor acidic microenvironment. The hydrophobicity of polymers drives the fission of tumor‐cell‐derived MPs to form small vesicles, facilitating tumor accumulation, deep tumor penetration, and efficient internalization of DOX@MPs into tumor cells and CSCs. Subsequently, the hydrophobicity of polymers in acidic lysosomes further promotes DOX release to nuclei for strong cytotoxicity against tumor cells and CSCs. The work provides a facile and simple strategy for improved anticancer drug delivery of tumor‐cell‐derived MPs.
Hydrophobicity‐adaptive polymers based on poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) are anchored to tumor‐cell‐derived microparticles (MPs) for enhanced delivery of anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The hydrophobicity of polymers at the tumor acidic microenvironment drives the fission of MPs to form small vesicles, facilitating tumor accumulation, deep tumor penetration, and efficient internalization of DOX@MPs into tumor cells and cancer stem cells.
Most of tumor antigens are self-proteins with poor antigenicity because of immune tolerance. Here, we describe DNA shuffling for overcoming the tolerance of tumor antigens such as vascular ...endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a growth factor associated with tumor angiogenesis. VEGF genes from mouse, rat, human, and chicken were randomly assembled to chimeric genes by DNA shuffling for constructing an expression library, then screened by PCR, SDS-PAGE, and immunization. A chimeric protein named as No. 46 was selected from the library with the strongest immunotherapy effects on mouse H22 hepatocellular carcinoma, which could induce long-lasted and high level of antibodies recognizing VEGF in mice. Immunization with this chimeric protein could significantly inhibit tumor angiogenesis, slow down tumor growth, increase the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice, and inhibit the lung metastases of tumor in mouse. Treatment with the anti-VEGF IgG induced by this chimeric protein also significantly inhibited tumor growth and improved the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice, by blocking the tyrosine phosphorylation of ERK1/2 pathway of VEGF-VEGFR interaction. Our study provides an efficient approach to overcome the immune tolerance of self-antigens for developing novel tumor vaccines.
The perioperative trauma-related platelet recruitment and activation severely affect tumor recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, efficiently killing residual tumor cells and simultaneously inhibiting ...platelet activation to block platelet-cancer cell interaction might be a promising strategy to prevent postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis.
Biodegradable PLGA electrospun nanofibrous films co-delivering doxorubicin-loaded tumor repopulating cell-derived microparticles (DOX-MPs) and aspirin (ASA) were developed as the implant materials (DOX-MPs/ASA@NF) for postoperative in-situ treatment. The characterization, cytotoxicity against tumor cells, inhibition in platelet activation-triggered proliferation, migration and metastasis of tumor cells and
anti-recurrence and anti-metastasis activity induced by DOX-MPs/ASA@NF were systematically evaluated.
PLGA nanofibrous films facilitate the enhanced distribution of DOX-MPs as well as DOX-MPs and ASA release in a time-programmed manner within the tumor resection cavity. The released DOX-MPs efficiently kill the residual tumor cells, while ASA decreases platelet activation and inhibits platelet-promoted proliferation, migration and metastasis of tumor cells, resulting in the remarkable inhibition of postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis.
DOX-MPs/ASA@NF may be a promising candidate to prevent the recurrence and metastasis of resectable tumors.
To understand the occurrence and change of mutagencity of water samples in the process of drinking water treatment and distribution in a waterworks taking Yangtze River as its water source in Jiangsu ...Province.
Large volume of inlet water, finished water and tap water samples were extracted by XAD-2 resin. Mutagencities were assessed by Ames test and a mutation ratio( MR) of 2 or greater was judged as a positive result.
Compared with the samples with S9, samples without S9 presented more positive results( P = 0. 005). That water treatment elevated MR values( P = 0. 007) while the pipe transport made MR values down( P = 0. 038) was observed in samples without S9. The tap water showed weaker mutagenicities than the raw water in samples with S9( P = 0. 008). Compared to the raw water samples, the finished water samples showed more positive results(-S9) and lower MR values( + S9, P =0. 002).
Significant mutagenicities of water samples from the Yangtze Riverand its processed water were presented, and frame shit and
