Bamboo culms of Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) were subjected to thermal modification at different treatment temperatures of 160, 180 and 200 °C under partial vacuum. Control and thermally modified ...bamboos were converted into strips and crushed strands to produce laminated (LBL) and scrimber (SBL) composites respectively using melamine formaldehyde adhesive. Effects of treatment temperatures on various properties including decay resistance were studied and characterized using XRD and FTIR. Average EMC was reduced to different levels depending on severity of thermal treatments. Density of composite was improved significantly and increasing treatment temperatures exhibited greater anti-swelling efficiency. Dark colour of modified bamboo was influenced by treatment parameters, while microstructure was not much affected. Most of mechanical parameters of composites produced from bamboo modified were enhanced. However, higher temperature (≥ 200 °C) showed detrimental effects on strength. Modified bamboo exhibited greater decay resistance against two rotting fungi. Some changes in crystalline structure and certain functional groups were observed after thermal modification. With desirable improvements in aesthetic and quality parameters, composites from thermally modified bamboo may be considered as ecological alternative to preservative treated materials. The LBL and SBL may, therefore, be utilized in production of valued-added lifestyle artifact in allied bamboo industry sectors.
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•Laminated and scrimber composites prepared from thermally modified bamboo and MF resin.•Density, ASE and decay resistance of composites were significantly improved.•Bamboo composites exhibited significant variations in different mechanical properties.•Composites from thermally modified bamboo found suitable for structural applications.
Human bitting force calculating instrument Kannan, Anil; John, Bijila K.; Babu, Darsana S. ...
2017 International Conference on Circuit ,Power and Computing Technologies (ICCPCT),
2017-April
Conference Proceeding
Bite force can be defined as the force applied by the masticatory muscles in dental occlusion. Bite force is the resultant of all the forces acting on individual teeth due to various components of ...the masticatory system. Knowledge of individual bite force helps dentist to understand different type of dentition, the mechanics of mastication for evaluation of the therapeutic effects of prosthetic devices and to provide reference data for studies on the biomechanics of prosthetic devices. Currently, there are direct and indirect methods to determine bite force. Direct method includes use of suitable transducers and indirect method includes use of functional relationship between bite force and physiological variables. The bite force is a function of many factors and hence difficult to compute. Although direct methods are accurate and convenient to determine individual bite force which requires sophisticated instrumentation and intervention whereas indirect methods are not accurate and require investigation of many physiological parameters. However, it is difficult to establish exact mathematical model to estimate individual bite force. This paper presents a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) based indirect method to estimate bite force. Commercial FEA software's like HyperMesh and RADIOSS are widely used in engineering and the biomedical community for diverse applications. FE model is built using 3D CAD model of jaw created using CT scan images to estimate theoretical maximum bite force as well as individual tooth load.
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