Ricobendazole hydrochloride is an active ingredient of a veterinary antiparasitic drug. The aim of this study was to investigate the degradation of ricobendazole hydrochloride under stress and ...stability testing conditions, for which we developed and validated the first stability indicating, specific, precise, accurate, and robust assay and related substances UPLC methods. The Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column was used for the related substances and assay analyses of ricobendazole hydrochloride, and the analyses were performed at 25 °C sample and 30 °C column temperatures with a 2 µL injection volume. In both methods, a mixture of water and methanol (60:40, v/v) was used as the diluent, mobile phase A was a phosphate buffer (50 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, pH 3.2 ± 0.05, adjusted with 10% o-phosphoric acid), and mobile phase B was a mixture of mobile phase A and acetonitrile (50:50, v/v). For the analysis of related substances, a gradient elution system was used at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min for 35 min with a detection wavelength of 220 nm, while for the assay analysis; a gradient elution system was used at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min for 15 min with a detection wavelength of 290 nm. The calibration curves showed excellent linearity with high R-squared (R2) values for each compound, ricobendazole (0.9998, 0.249 – 3.740 µg/mL), ricobendazole amine (0.9998, 0.255 – 3.819 µg/mL), albendazole (0.9998, 0.255 – 7.646 µg/mL), and albendazole sulfone (1.0000, 0.251 – 15.090 µg/mL) indicating a strong correlation between the concentrations of the compounds and their respective peak areas in the UPLC analysis. The method showed excellent accuracy with relative standard deviation values of less than 2.5%. The stress and photostability studies showed that ricobendazole hydrochloride was insensitive to daylight and UV radiation and showed significant degradation at elevated temperature (85 °C, 9 days) and under all hydrolysis and oxidation conditions. The major impurity was ricobendazole amine under thermal and hydrolysis conditions, while albendazole sulfone was the major oxidative impurity.
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•New stability-indicating UPLC methods were developed for ricobendazole HCl.•Both assay and related substances methods were validated according to ICH Q2(R1).•Stress-testing and stability studies of ricobendazole HCl were carried out.•The major impurity was ricobendazole amine formed under thermal and hydrolysis.•The major oxidation impurity was albendazole sulfone formed when treated with H2O2.
species are important medicinal herbs, often used in pharmacological research, due to the presence of anthracene derivatives in the subterranean parts of the plant. In this study, we intended to ...assess its antioxidant capacity, in correlation with the method of extraction. For this purpose,
extraction was realized with four solvents of different polarities (50% methanol, 70% ethanol, 80% acetonitrile, and petroleum ether). We used different extraction techniques, such as orbital shaker, ultrasonic stirrer, microwave, and Soxhlet extraction, and the total phenolic content of the
extracts was determined by modified Folin–Ciocalteu method. The reducing power and radical scavenging activity of the extracts were also evaluated. The results shown that the antioxidant activity of the extracts depends on the extraction methods especially through the used solvent and decreases in the order: ethanol > methanol > acetonitrile > petroleum ether.
This study was aimed at developing RP-HPLC method for determination of natamycin in Turkish yoghurt. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C8 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 µm) with a mobile ...phase of methanol : water : acetic acid (12 : 8 : 1 v/v/v), at 1 mL/min flow rate with a detection of 303 nm. Natamycin was spiked into handmade yoghurt samples and used for validation. The method has been fully validated according to ISO 9233-2, 2007 (IDF 140-2, 2007). It was successfully applied to determination of 28 different Turkish yoghurt products. Findings dealing with the presence of natamycin in cheese samples are presented.
In this study, PLA/PEG nanofibers (NFs) loaded with amygdalin (AMG) and bitter almond kernels extract were produced by electrospinning to prevent local breast cancer recurrence, and the effect of ...produced NFs on the MCF-7 cell line was investigated in vitro. The electrospun NFs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal analysis (DSC) and tensile strength and physical analyzes were performed. Loading of AMG to nanofibers increased fiber diameters from 827.93 ± 174.507 nm to 1855.32 ± 291.057 μm. When drug release results were analyzed, the NFs showed a controlled release profile extending up to 10 h. The encapsulation efficiency of AMG-loaded NFs was calculated at 100 ± 0,01 %, 94 ± 0,02 %, and 88 ± 0,02 %. When in vitro cytotoxicity results were analyzed, showed that all NFs are effective in inducing cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Importantly, 20 mg AMG-loaded NFs displayed effectively higher cytotoxic effects against breast cancer cells relative to the other NFs. Considering all the results, AMG-loaded NFs can give sustained release of drugs at the local sites. Therefore, AMG-loaded nanofibers can reduce the risk of local recurrence of cancer after surgery and can be directly implanted into solid tumor cells for treatment.
•PLA/PEG/AMG and PLA/PEG/extract nanofibers (NFs) were fabricated by the electrospinning method.•Effects of PLA/PEG/AMG nanofibers on breast cancer cell lines.•Excellent anticancer activity against MCF-7 cell•Delivery of AMG for the prevention of breast cancer recurrence.
In this study, 75PLA/25PVP nanofibrous loaded with amygdalin (AMG) and Inula helenium (I.H) extract were produced by electrospinning method in order to prevent local colon cancer recurrence, and the ...effect of the produced nanofibrous on the HCT-116 cell line was examined in vitro. When the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were examined, the fiber diameter of the 75PLA/25PVP group was measured as 443.74 ± 79 nm, but the addition of I.H and AMG caused a thickening effect on the fiber diameters. Drug release results show the controlled release period of 75PLA/25PVP/I.H and 75PLA/25PVP/AMG loaded nanofibrous patches within 180 h. Slowly degrading nanofibrous remained durable for up to 25 days. When the in vitro cytotoxicity results were analyzed, all nanofibrous were found to be effective in inducing cytotoxicity against HCT-116 colon cancer cells. The most effective group is the group in which I.H extract and AMG drug are loaded onto the nanofibrous together. AMG drug and I.H plant extract showed effects on the colon cancer cell line in in vitro experiments. Considering all the results I.H and AMG loaded nanofibrous can be implanted into solid tumor cells in order to reduce the risk of local recurrence of cancer after surgery in colon cancer.
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•The production of a nanofibrous patch consisting of PLA/PVP polymer combination loaded with amygdalin (AMG) and Inula helenium (I.H) plant extract was examined by electrospinning method to prevent colon cancer recurrence.•Inula helenium as a plant extract, amygdalin as a drug, and a plant extract-drug mixture were loaded, produced, and characterized in nanofibrous patches consisting of PLA/PVP polymer combination using the electrospun technique, both together and in a double layer, in 4 different designs in the nanofibrous patch.•A biodegradable synthetic material called PLA is appropriate for various tissue engineering applications. PVP has high hydrophilicity, thermal stability, tensile strength, solubility, bendability, and film-forming properties.•The therapeutic effect of a layered nanofibrous patch cover produced by the electrospinning method and combinations of two active ingredients on colon cancer cells.
L-alanine and β-alanine are important biological molecules and have zwitterion structure. In this study, L- alanine and β-alanine’s microscopic protonation constants and thermodynamic parameters ...(enthalpy, entropy, and free energy changes) for the proton–ligand systems of L-alanine methyl ester, β-alanine and β-alanine methyl ester have been determined at 5; 20; 35 °C, in ACN-water (25% ACN and 50% ACN (v/v)) mixtures at constant ionic strength of 0.1000 mol L
NaClO
by potentiometric method. The results shown that, L-alanine and β-alanine’s microscopic protonation constants generally tend to decrease with temperature rise and their protonation reactions in ACN-water mixtures generally favor enthalpy-driven.
In the last decade, the processes involved in biomineralization has greatly developed, leading to the production of a new generation of biomaterials. Calcium phosphate ceramic materials attract ...special interest due to their bioactive and biocompatible properties in biomaterials. Most of marine structures contains calcium carbonate (calcite or aragonite) and they can be easily converted to bioceramic material. The application of calcium phosphate ceramics as useful biocompatible materials largely depends on the purity and morphology of the powder. In this study calcium phosphate bioceramics (as raw materials for bone-scaffolds) were obtained via hot-plate, ultrasound-assisted, and microwave assisted method using the sea shell Cyprae Annulus as a calcium source. The characterization of the produced materials was carried out via FT-IR, SEM, XRD analysis. It was found that the calcium phosphate powders (hydroxyapatite) produced by three different methods were predominantly monetite and hydroxyapatite as the secondary phase. According to the SEM results, the overall morphology for CaP powder bioceramics shows the regular distribution of spherical and rice-shaped and CP powders produced by microwave assisted method have better morphology. The used methods are safe and inexpensive. Moreover, the raw materials (Cypraea Annulus) feature the advantages of the unlimited source as well as the biological origin. These methods were compared takes attention due to it is economical and easy method to obtain hydroxyapatite.
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