Flow cytometry analyses of lymphocyte subpopulations (T, B, NK) are crucial for enhancing clinical algorithms and research workflows. Estimating the total error (TE) values for the percentage and ...absolute number of lymphocyte subpopulations using the state-of-the-art (SOTA) approach with real data from an external proficiency testing (EPT) scheme was performed. A comparison with previously published Biological Variability (BV)-based specifications was carried out.
A total of 44,998 results from 86 laboratories over 10 years were analysed and divided into two five-year periods (2012-2016) and (2017-2021). Data come from the IC-1 Lymphocytes scheme of the Spanish External Quality Assurance System (EQAS) GECLID Program. This quantitative scheme includes percentages and absolute numbers of CD3
, CD3
CD4
, CD3
CD8
, CD19
, and CD3
CD56
CD16
NK cells. The percentage of TE was calculated as: |reported value - robust mean|*100/robust mean for each laboratory and parameter. The cut-off for TE is set at 80 % best results of the laboratories.
A significant reduction in the SOTA-based TE for all lymphocyte subpopulations in 2017-2021 was observed compared to 2012-2016. The SOTA-based TE fulfils the minimum BV-based TE for percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations. The parameter with the best analytical performance calculated with SOTA (2017-2021 period)-based TE was the percentage of CD3
(TE=3.65 %).
The values of SOTA-based specifications from external quality assurance program data are consistent and can be used to develop technical specifications. The technological improvement, quality commitment, standardization, and training, reduce TE. An update of TE every five years is therefore recommended. TE assessment in lymphocyte subsets is a helpful and reliable tool to improve laboratory performance and data-based decision-making trust.
► Apoptotic cells increase IL-10 and reduce IL-23 in response to zymosan in human dendritic cells. ► PPAR-γ inhibition modulates IL-10 production. ► The effect of AC on IL-10 production is ...independent from the formation of lipid bodies and prostaglandin E2. ► Apoptotic cells induce nuclear translocation of the CREB coactivator TORC2/CRTC2 and pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 1.
Contact of apoptotic cells (AC) with phagocytes tilts the balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. To address the cell- and stimulus-dependency of this mechanism, human monocyte-derived dendritic cells were treated with Jurkat AC in the presence and absence of different stimuli. AC reduced the production of IL-23 and enhanced the production of IL-10 elicited by zymosan, but they did not influence IL-12 p70 production nor did they modify the effect of LPS. Since formation of lipid bodies (LB) and PGE2 production have been associated with IL-10 induction, the effect of PGE2, the formation of LB, and the role of PPAR-γ were assessed. Exogenous PGE2 enhanced IL-10 expression, but no evidence of PGE2 production elicited by AC was obtained. Inhibition of PPAR-γ activity reduced the production of IL-10 both in the presence and in the absence of AC, but formation of LB in response to zymosan and AC was not observed. Notably, AC induced a transient nuclear translocation of both the CREB coactivator CRTC2/TORC2 and the homeodomain protein PBX1, which are involved in the CREB/HOX/PBX/MEIS transcription complex. These data show a selective effect of AC on the production of cytokines elicited by the fungal surrogate zymosan through the enhancement of CREB-dependent transcription.
DQA1 class II gene encodes the α-chain of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ heterodimer. Sequencing-based typing (SBT) for HLA genes is the most powerful methodology described. However, most of ...the SBT procedures reported for HLA class II genes are not able to define complete exon 2 region. For that purpose, we have characterized introns 2 and 3 from most DQA1 alleles to design amplification procedures that were able to obtain complete exon 2 and 3 sequences from DQA1 genes. This coding information allowed us to reduce the number of ambiguities for DQA1 typing. DQA1 intron 2 and 3 characterization demonstrated the presence of two polymorphisms for alleles with the same exons 2 and 3 sequence from DQA1*05 group. Different samples including the DQA1*050101 alleles showed a single nucleotide polymorphism at position 53 of intron 2 (G53T). Additional haplotypic analysis showed the possible association of T53 allele with the Ax-Cw5-B18-DR17-DQ2 extended haplotype. On the other hand, DQA1*0505 sequencing from different control samples noticed the existence of a microsatellite (TTTC/AAAG)n located at position 126 of intron 3. Fragment length analysis demonstrated a high polymorphism for this short tandem repeat system (0505STR), defining alleles that ranged from 8 to 20 repetitions in our population.
Brown is a self-taught artist with over a decade of experience whose clientele includes Olympic Gold Medalist Gabby Douglas, K. Michelle, Tyson Beckford, Zoe Bell, Sufe Bradshaw, Jason Derulo, ...Tinashe, Tatyana Ali, Kevin Durant, MC Lyte, Marcus Scribner, Jidenna, and more. ...she was the makeup artist for #MeToo founder Tarana Burke when she appeared on the cover of the January/February 2018 BLACK ENTERPRISE Issue, 25 Black Women Who Are Changing The World. Being aesthetically affirmed is a huge part of being, you know, a female identity in this society we live in and it’s a visual culture.
...with any great business, it experienced trial and error when the Lewises formulated ingredients for their products for a spectrum of natural hair types. ...we treated it like finals week in ...college and binge-watched episodes of Shark Tank, writing down every question they asked, then we turned those into flashcards with answers and follow-ups and drilled each other constantly. ...of their preparedness and business acumen, CurlMix successfully pitched the Sharks.
Nearly 40 years ago, Lee began her career as a lawyer after graduating from Harvard Law School and worked on a communications team as a lawyer for Steptoe & Johnson, a Washington D. C. based ...corporate law firm, who at the time had BET as a client. ...of her leadership, Lee was named chairman and CEO of the network shortly after BET was acquired by Viacom. When looking back on her career, Lee says that she wishes that she would have been more confident and found her voice earlier in her career. Because it’s my life, my opinion, and my experiences.
