Results of a standardized histochemical and immunocytochemical analysis of the brains of 14 nondemented elderly humans for whom prospective neurological and neuropsychological data had been collected ...for 3 to 8 years before death suggested that nondemented elderly humans fall into two pathological subgroups that are not clinically distinguishable. One was associated with moderate to marked cerebral amyloid deposition ("pathological aging"), while the other had either minimal or no amyloid deposition ("normal aging"). Neocortical and hippocampal neurofibrillary degeneration was either completely absent or of very limited degree in both subgroups. Both subgroups had ubiquitin-immunoreactive dystrophic neurites in the cerebral cortex and granular degeneration of myelin in white matter. These ubiquitin-immunoreactive structures seem to be a universal and invariant manifestation of brain aging, but the same cannot be said for amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary degeneration. Pathological aging might be preclinical Alzheimer's disease, but it currently cannot be distinguished from normal aging by even sensitive neuropsychological measures. These findings provide strong support for the hypothesis that cerebral amyloid deposition is not necessarily associated with clinically apparent cognitive dysfunction and that additional factors, such as neuronal or synaptic loss or widespread cytoskeletal aberrations, are necessary for dementia in AD.
We use Michigan Panel Study of Income Dynamics data and data from a 2008 telephone survey of adults conducted by Westat for the Princeton Data Improvement Initiative (PDII) to explore the importance ...and feasibility of adding retrospective questions about actual work experience to cross-sectional data sets. We demonstrate that having such actual experience data is important for analyzing women’s postschool human capital accumulation, residual wage inequality, and the gender pay gap. Further, our PDII survey results show that it is feasible to collect actual experience data in cross-sectional telephone surveys like the March Current Population Survey’s annual supplement.
Using microdata to analyse the gender pay gap in ten industrialized nations, we focus on the role of wage structure-the prices of labour market skills-in influencing the gender gap. We find wage ...structure enormously important in explaining why the US gender gap is higher than that in most other countries. We conclude that the US gap would be similar to that in Sweden and Australia (the countries with the smallest gaps) if the United States had their levels of wage inequality. This finding reflects the larger penalty in the United States for those with low skill levels or employed in low-wage sectors.
Women continue to be underrepresented in academic ranks in the economics profession. The Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession of the American Economic Association established ...the CeMENT mentoring workshop to support women in research careers. The program was designed as a randomized controlled trial. This study evaluates differences between the treatment and control groups in career outcomes. Results indicate that relative to women in the control group, treated women are more likely to stay in academia and more likely to have received tenure in an institution ranked in the top 30 or 50 in economics in the world.
When immigrant husbands arrive in Canada, they typically work less than comparable natives; however, immigrant wives work more than natives, other things being equal. This paper uses microdata from ...the US Census of Population for 1980 and 1990 to examine whether patterns characterize the experience of immigrants in the United States. In contrast to the patterns which Baker and Benjamin (1997), it was found that among immigrants to the US, both husbands and wives work less than comparable natives upon arrival. Further, both immigrant husbands and wives have positive assimilation profiles in labor supply and eventually overtake the labor supply of comparable natives.
A statistical method for extracting the eta right arrow gammagamma signal upon rejecting those gamma clusters that form pairs with invariant masses close to that of the pi.sup.0 meson is proposed. ...The eta selection efficiency (the ratio between the numbers of selected and produced eta mesons) and the signal-to-background ratio as a function of the eta transverse momentum are obtained using a template of proton-proton collisions at Formula omitted = 13 TeV simulated with PYTHIA 8.2 (with Monash-2013 tuning). The proposed method provides for an eta right arrow gammagamma selection efficiency of ~80% and for a 20-50% increase in the signal-to-background ratio compared to currently implemented techniques.
Using the 1970, 1980, and 1990 Censuses, the authors investigate the impact of labor and marriage market conditions on the incidence of marriage of young women (age 16-24). They first estimate the ...effects on marriage of personal characteristics and Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) indicators, separately by race and education group. They then regress the first-stage MSA effects on MSA-level labor and marriage market conditions and welfare benefits, taking account of fixed effects and time trends specific to each MSA. Better female labor markets, worse female marriage markets, and worse male labor markets are found to lower marriage rates for whites in all education groups. Results for these variables for blacks are sensitive to estimation technique, although stronger results are obtained for an older age group (25-34). While welfare benefits have a negative effect in cross-sectional analyses, the association becomes considerably weaker in fixed effects specifications.
The contribution of gender-specific factors versus wage structure in explaining international differences in the gender gap is estimated. The striking finding is that the higher level of wage ...inequality in the US works to increase the gender differential in the US relative to the 7 other industrialized countries in the sample and fully accounts for the lower gender earnings ratio in the US compared to the Scandinavian countries and Australia. This approach aids in understanding the seemingly paradoxical position of US women compared to women elsewhere. US women compare favorably with women in other countries on several measures of skills relative to men. Moreover, the US has had a longer commitment to policies of equal pay and equal employment opportunity for women than have the other countries in the sample. Yet the US does not rank among the countries with the smallest pay gaps. Indeed, the gender pay differential in the US is above average for the sample of 8 countries. An important part of the explanation of this pattern is that the US labor market places a much larger penalty on those with lower levels of labor market skills.
This study describes preliminary results of an investigation of RMSF in Arizona associated with the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. High numbers of dogs and heavy infestations of ticks ...created a situation leading to human disease.
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![Improving [eta]-Meson Recon...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/1063-7788/small "Improving [eta]-Meson Reconstruction in the ALICE Experiment")
