Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most prevalent malignant cancers with lower survival and poor overall prognosis mainly in children and adolescents. Identifying the molecular mechanisms and OS stem ...cells (OSCs) as new concepts involved in disease pathogenesis and progression may potentially lead to new therapeutic targets. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of OSCs can be one of the most important and effective strategies for the treatment of OS. This review describes the new molecular targets of OS as well as novel therapeutic approaches in the design of future investigations and treatment.
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) involved in key signaling pathways and aggressive phenotypes of osteosarcoma (OS) was discussed, including PI3K/AKT/MTOR, MTOR AND RAF-1 signaling, tumor suppressor P53- ...linked miRNAs, NOTCH- related miRNAs, miRNA -15/16 cluster, apoptosis related miRNAs, invasion-metastasis-related miRNAs, and 14Q32-associated miRNAs cluster. Herrin, we discussed insights into the targeted therapies including miRNAs (i.e., tumor-suppressive miRNAs and oncomiRNAs). Using bioinformatics tools, the interaction network of all OS-associated miRNAs and their targets was also depicted.
It has been shown that long bone fractures are correlated with the inflammatory response. In the initial injury, surgical reduction and fixation of fractures induce the immunoinflammatory response. ...This study aimed to evaluate serum variation of inflammatory markers in patients undergoing surgical treatment for early and delayed femoral fractures.
This study aimed to evaluate serum variation of inflammatory markers in patients undergoing surgical treatment for early and delayed femoral fractures. The patients were randomly divided into two groups using the method of block randomization including early surgery (within 24 h) and delayed surgery (after 48 h). Serum levels of inflammatory markers in both groups including interleukin (IL)-1, 5, 6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interferon γ (IFN-γ) were determined using specific kits. From each patient 10 ml blood was collected for cytokine assay in their serum.
Our findings suggest that serum levels of IL-8 were markedly decreased from 12 h until 48 h postoperatively (
< 0.05). Moreover, the results indicated that serum levels of TNF-α were significantly increased in the early hours, but after 48 h a decreasing trend was detected (
< 0.05). Furthermore, serum levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-6 were significantly increased from 12 h until 48 h postoperatively (
< 0.05).
The inflammatory status of the patient may be a useful adjunct in clinical decisions. With an improved understanding of the molecular basis of the inflammatory response, and by identifying relevant clinical markers of inflammation, surgeons can better manage the timing of surgical stabilization.
Objective：Talar fractures present a great challenge to surgeons due to poor treatment outcome and high incidence of sequelae.The purpose of this study was to report the surgical treatment outcome of ...displaced talar fractures treated by internal fixation.Methods：Atotal of 30 patients with a mean age of 38 years presenting with talar body or neck fractures were studied retrospectively to assess postoperative outcome based on American Orthopaedic Foot ＆ Ankle Society AnkleHindfoot scale.Results：Postoperatively,malunion was found in 18 cases,infection in 5 cases and avascular necrosis in 12 cases.There were 12 cases with subtalar arthritis and 18 cases with both subtalar and malleolar arthritis.The average score of questionnaire was 64± 12.Functional score was 53± 15 and pain score was 65±13.Range of motion failure was detected as 15±4.Conclusion：Talar injuries can compromise motion of the foot and ankle and result in poor prognosis on longterm evaluation.Late complications subsequent to surgically treated talar body fractures are inevitable,and patients are supposed to be counseled about the adverse outcome.
The aim of this study was to facilitate and deepen the understanding of the associations of the clinical significance of PLA2G16 and CDH11 in patients with osteosarcoma.
We collected 50 paired ...osteosarcoma tissues and adjacent normal bone tissues and evaluated the expression of PLA2G16 and CDH11 by quantitavise reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction.
PLA2G16 expression was upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues when compared with adjacent normal bone tissues, and the difference was statistically significant (4.78 ±0.70 vs. 1.31 ±0.65;
< 0.05). Our data indicated that high expression of PLA2G16 was significantly related to advanced TNM stage and metastasis or recurrence (
< 0.05). The expression level of CDH11 was lower in osteosarcoma tissues (median relative expression level ± SD: 6.29 ±1.43) than adjacent normal bone tissues (mean ± SD: 13.72 ±3.08,
< 0.05). Our findings demonstrated that decreased expression of CDH11 was strongly linked to advanced TNM stage, and metastasis or recurrence (
< 0.05). Log-rank analysis showed that patients with high expression of PLA2G16 have shorter overall survival than those with low expression. Moreover, shorter overall survival was significantly correlated with decreased expression of CDH11. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that PLA2G16 (
= 0.028; HR = 2.621; 95% CI) and CDH11 (
= 0.023; HR = 2.81; 95% CI) expression and also metastasis or recurrence (
= 0.03; HR = 2.531; 95% CI) were independent prognostic factors for poor overall survival of osteosarcoma patients.
These findings suggest that PLA2G16 and CDH11 expression can be independent prognostic factors for poor overall survival of patients with osteosarcoma.
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels of microRNA-182 and microRNA-183 and their association with clinicopathological features in patients with osteosarcoma.
Total RNA was ...purified from samples and noncancerous bone tissues and then quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to evaluate the expression levels of microRNAs, and their relationship with clinicopathological features and survival in osteosarcoma patients.
Our findings showed that expression of MiR-182 was clearly lower in osteosarcoma bone tissue (mean ± SD: 2.84 ±.07) compared with noncancerous bone tissues (6.23 ±1.72,
= 0.004). On the other hand, lower expression of MiR-183 was seen in osteosarcoma bone tissue (1.43 ±0.59) when compared with normal tissues (4.36 ±2.47,
= 0.036). Decreased expression of MiR-182 was clearly correlated with advanced clinical stage (
= 0.001), metastasis or recurrence (
= 0.024), and large tumor size (
= 0.032). Decreased expression of MiR-183 was associated with advanced TNM stage (
= 0.004), and metastasis or recurrence (
= 0.002). A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model revealed that low expression of MiR-182 and MiR-183 (
= 0.02;
= 0.016), TNM stage (
= 0.04), and metastasis or recurrence (
= 0.03) were significantly associated with poor survival as independent prognostic factors.
These findings suggest that MiR-182 and MiR-183 may be associated with progression and metastasis of osteosarcoma.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of proximal tibia osteotomy on hip biomechanics.
This cohort study was conducted on 50 knees of 37 patients divided into two groups of unilateral and ...bilateral surgeries during 2015-2016. Patients underwent medial open-wedge osteotomy of proximal tibia. Axial alignment of lower limb radiography was carried out for the patients before and after the osteotomy.
Findings from unilateral and bilateral high tibial osteotomies demonstrated that the average of greater trochanter (GT) angle from femoral head center and also the average angle of knee varus were significantly decreased (
= 0.001). Although not statistically significant, the average angle of the mechanical axis of lower limb showed an increase in unilateral osteotomy (
= 0.889) and a decrease in bilateral osteotomy (
= 0.887). The average angle of pelvic obliquity after unilateral osteotomy increased significantly (
= 0.001) but showed no statistically significant difference in bilateral osteotomy (
= 0.631).
High tibial osteotomy significantly affects the GT and causes the downward replacement of GT and consequent shortening of the abductors moment arm, increased hip joint reaction force, and reduction of the shear force on the femoral neck.
BACKGROUND AND AIMSThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of proximal tibia osteotomy on hip biomechanics. METHODSThis cohort study was conducted on 50 knees of 37 patients divided into two ...groups of unilateral and bilateral surgeries during 2015-2016. Patients underwent medial open-wedge osteotomy of proximal tibia. Axial alignment of lower limb radiography was carried out for the patients before and after the osteotomy. RESULTSFindings from unilateral and bilateral high tibial osteotomies demonstrated that the average of greater trochanter (GT) angle from femoral head center and also the average angle of knee varus were significantly decreased (P = 0.001). Although not statistically significant, the average angle of the mechanical axis of lower limb showed an increase in unilateral osteotomy (P = 0.889) and a decrease in bilateral osteotomy (P = 0.887). The average angle of pelvic obliquity after unilateral osteotomy increased significantly (P = 0.001) but showed no statistically significant difference in bilateral osteotomy (P = 0.631). CONCLUSIONHigh tibial osteotomy significantly affects the GT and causes the downward replacement of GT and consequent shortening of the abductors moment arm, increased hip joint reaction force, and reduction of the shear force on the femoral neck.
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