This review is dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the outstanding experimental physicist Boris Anatolyevich Dolgoshein, in whose laboratory exactly 50 years ago the first two-phase emission ...detector has been created. Today two-phase emission detectors found the best application in the most sensitive at the moment experiments searching for cold dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). Multi-ton active mass WIMP detectors of the upcoming G3 generation shall become sensitive to solar neutrinos interactions, to double-beta decay of isotopes containing in the working media with naturally occurring isotope abundances. The RED-100 detector constructed at NRNU MEPhI will be used for investigation of the reactor neutrino elastic coherent scattering off xenon nuclei at the Kalinin NPP in 2021. ProtoDUNE-DP prototype emission detector (6x6x6 m3 300 tons LAr) is currently being assembled at the CERN Neutrino Platform in support of the DUNE project focused on investigation of high energy neutrino oscillations. Thus the detector technology invented at MEPhI 50 years has demonstrated a great potential to be used in a variety of fundamental research programs.
The coherent elastic scattering of neutrinos off nuclei has eluded detection for four decades, even though its predicted cross section is by far the largest of all low-energy neutrino couplings. This ...mode of interaction offers new opportunities to study neutrino properties and leads to a miniaturization of detector size, with potential technological applications. We observed this process at a 6.7σ̃ confidence level, using a low-background, 14.6-kilogram CsINa scintillator exposed to the neutrino emissions from the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Characteristic signatures in energy and time, predicted by the standard model for this process, were observed in high signal-to-background conditions. Improved constraints on nonstandard neutrino interactions with quarks are derived from this initial data set.
We report results of a search for light (≲10 GeV) particle dark matter with the XENON10 detector. The event trigger was sensitive to a single electron, with the analysis threshold of 5 electrons ...corresponding to 1.4 keV nuclear recoil energy. Considering spin-independent dark matter-nucleon scattering, we exclude cross sections σ(n)>7×10(-42) cm(2), for a dark matter particle mass m(χ)=7 GeV. We find that our data strongly constrain recent elastic dark matter interpretations of excess low-energy events observed by CoGeNT and CRESST-II, as well as the DAMA annual modulation signal.
A laboratory experimental setup based on an electroluminescent chamber with gaseous xenon at room temperature and a pressure of 6 atm is described. It is used in the educational process to study ...electroluminescence used as a method for the detection of an registering an ionization signal. With the example of α-particles, the formation of an electroluminescent signal formed when a charge produced in the process of ionization moves in a strong electric field and its dependence on the magnitude of the field are studied. It is clearly shown that the time profiles of light and electrical signals almost completely coincide with each other.
This paper reviews applications of two-phase emission detectors using xenon as working media. This kind of detectors invented at MEPhI is extremely sensitive to ionization (down to single electrons) ...and can be very massive (in ton scale) in order to provide high count rate for quite rare events and organize an active shielding from natural radioactivity in the wallles configuration of readout system. The emission detectors found their unique application in the most sensitive at the moment experiments searching for cold dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). The RED-100 detector recently constructed at NRNU MEPhI can be used for the first observation of the elastic coherent neutrino scattering off xenon nuclei when the detector is installed practically on the Earth's surface.
The XENON10 experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory uses a 15 kg xenon dual phase time projection chamber to search for dark matter weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). The detector ...measures simultaneously the scintillation and the ionization produced by radiation in pure liquid xenon to discriminate signal from background down to 4.5 keV nuclear-recoil energy. A blind analysis of 58.6 live days of data, acquired between October 6, 2006, and February 14, 2007, and using a fiducial mass of 5.4 kg, excludes previously unexplored parameter space, setting a new 90% C.L. upper limit for the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section of 8.8x10(-44) cm2 for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c2, and 4.5x10(-44) cm2 for a WIMP mass of 30 GeV/c2. This result further constrains predictions of supersymmetric models.
A
bstract
First physics results of the BM@N experiment at the Nuclotron/NICA complex are presented on
π
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and
K
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meson production in interactions of an argon beam with fixed targets of C, Al, Cu, Sn ...and Pb at 3.2 A GeV. Transverse momentum distributions, rapidity spectra and multiplicities of
π
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and
K
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mesons are measured. The results are compared with predictions of theoretical models and with other measurements at lower energies.
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