The knowledge of (n,2n) cross sections is required in shielding and breeding calculations. It's also important, in nuclear reactor applications, for neutron dosimetry research. In nuclear reaction ...mechanism, (n,2n) reaction channel is the dominant reaction for medium and heavy mass nuclei at 14 MeV energy range. The empirical and semi-empirical (n,2n) reaction cross sections have been investigated by many authors, but theoretical calculations have not been adequate because of the character of the nuclear structure is not exactly known. In this work, a new empirical formula has been proposed to calculate the (n,2n) reaction cross sections at 14–15 MeV neutron incident energy. In the calculations different fitting method have been used to obtain cross-section formula for target nuclei in the range 14 ≤ A ≤ 241 mass number. The (n,2n) experimental cross sections have been taken from EXFOR nuclear data library. In this new formula, the Flerov and Talyzin expression for the inelastic cross section σne was used to fit the experimental (n,2n) cross sections. It has been observed that the obtained formulas give quite coherent results with the experimental data.
•A new empirical formula has been proposed to calculate the (n,2n) reaction cross sections at 14–15 MeV neutron energy.•The σne non-elastic term fitted to experimental (n,2n) reaction cross sections using Flerov and Talyzin formula.•The asymmetry parameter s gives well-fitting results than the other variables (N, Z, A).
This article aims at providing new cross section data from empirical formulas for the (n,d) reactions of which experimental measurements at 14–15 MeV energy are not available or limited. If the ...experimental data for a nuclear reaction at a given energy are scarce, theoretical calculations and also developing empirical formulas have a critical importance. Here, we propose a new empirical formula of (n,d) reactions for analysis of the relationship between the experimental data and the parameters of empirical formula. The present formula was obtained by using the non-elastic Flerov and Talyzin expression to calculate (n,d) cross sections at 14–15 MeV. Due to the good overall agreement with the measured cross sections, our empirical formula with polynomial fitting model including asymmetry parameter can be useful in planning new experiments of (n,d) reactions for energies around 14 MeV.
•We develop a new empirical formula for (n,d) reaction cross sections.•We calculate the (n,d) cross sections at 14–15 MeV energy.•The present formula was obtained using the non-elastic Flerov and Talyzin expression.
Objective: Osteoid osteoma is a common bone tumor with a benign character. Patients present to orthopedics clinic with irritating nocturnal pain and many of them have a long history of complaints at ...the time of diagnosis. Its management is mainly conservative although surgical treatment is more effective at alleviating pain and removing tumor. In the last 20 years percutaneous ablation has been safely used with minimum risk, especially for bony regions that are risky for surgical access. Whereas some radiologists perform ablation after taking biopsy from nidus, some others directly proceed with ablation. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of biopsy result on osteoid osteoma management and its implication on clinical practice. Methods: This study retrospectively involved 10 patients who underwent percutaneous ablation for osteoid osteoma at our clinic between January 2013 and December 2016. All patients were biopsied before the intervention. Those who did not undergo biopsy sampling before the intervention, who were lost to follow-up, and who were diagnosed with conditions other than osteoid osteoma were excluded. Biopsy results and images were obtained retrospectively. The clinical outcomes, recurrence rates, and treatment costs were compared between patients with positive and negative biopsy results. Results: This study involved 10 patients with a mean age of 17.3 (4-35) years. All patients were followed for at least 2 years, and the recurrence and symptom statuses were questioned via telephone interview. A nidus establishing the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma was seen in 7 out of 10 patients. No patient developed lesion recurrence by the end of a 2-year follow-up period, nor any of them suffered persistent pain after the procedure. Patients with and without nidus showed no significant differences with respect to clinical course and recurrence rate. Conclusion: Percutaneous ablation is associated with a high curative potential and can be effectively used for the treatment of osteoid osteoma. The result of pre-procedural biopsy had no effect on patients’ clinical course and recurrence rates.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint condition that affects areas such as the knee, hip, hand, and spine. In treating mild to moderate cases of OA, treatment options such as intraarticular ...corticosteroids, viscosupplementation, glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, PRP, and IL-1Ra are commonly used. This study aimed to compare the effects of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on patients with Kellgren-Lawrence (KG) stage 2-3 knee osteoarthritis in terms of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS). Ninety patients with KG stage 2-3 knee primary osteoarthritis were divided into two groups, with one group receiving three intraarticular IL-1Ra injections and the other group receiving three PRP injections. VAS and KOOS scores were recorded at the beginning and after six months to evaluate clinical improvement. Both the IL-1Ra and PRP groups showed statistically significant improvement in all scores, including the VAS and KOOS. After six months, the KOOS score in the IL-1Ra group was significantly higher than the PRP group, while the first-year VAS score after treatment in the IL-1Ra group was significantly lower compared to the PRP group. The mean KOOS scores increased from 44.1 to 87.8 and 46.04 to 84.43 at the end of six months in both groups, while the mean VAS scores decreased from 7.27 to 1.02 and 7.29 to 1.71 in the IL-1Ra and PRP groups, respectively. Administering intra-articular IL-1Ra once a week for three weeks can effectively improve function and reduce pain in patients with Kellgren-Lawrence stage 2-3 osteoarthritis. However, more research is necessary to validate the use of IL-1 receptor antagonists in OA treatment.
In this preset study, calculations of neutron-induced alpha particle emission double-differential cross section of fluorine (19F) at 14.2 MeV have been calculated by using ALICE and EMPIRE model ...programs for six different emission angles ranging from 30° to 150°. Calculated results from the Hybrid Monte Carlo pre-equilibrium emission and the full featured Hauser-Feshbach model have been compared with the experimental (EXFOR). The calculated double-differential cross section results using three codes are in good agreement with experimental data.
Soğuk Savaş sırasında, bölünmüş Almanya; iki blok gücü arasında önemli bir ön cephe haline gelmiş, İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası egemenliğini kısıtlayıcı koşullara rağmen, bu dönemde hem kendi hem de ...Batılı müttefikleri adına önemli istihbarat faaliyetlerini gerçekleştirmiştir. Almanya’nın istihbaratının faaliyetleri, sadece Berlin Duvarının arkası ile sınırlı kalmamış, dünyada aralarında Ortadoğu’nun da yer aldığı geniş bir coğrafyaya yayılmıştır. Soğuk Savaş döneminde Doğu-Batı çatışmasında önemli bir mücadele alanı haline gelen Ortadoğu bölgesinde artan istihbarat faaliyetlerine Alman Dış İstihbarat Servisi BND de etkin bir şekilde katılmıştır. Bu çalışma, Soğuk Savaş döneminde egemenliği ve dış politikası üzerinde ciddi kısıtlamalar olan Almanya’nın aksine; BND’nin Ortadoğu’da etkin ve önemli bir rol oynadığını savunmaktadır.
During the Cold War, Germany, carried out important intelligence activities, despite the conditions restricting its full sovereignty in the post-World War II era, served an important frontline, between the two blocks. Germany engaged in important intelligence activities for both its own and Western allies during the Cold War, the intelligence interest was not only limited by the Eastern Germany, but also spread to a wide scale, including the Middle East. The German Foreign Intelligence Service actively participated in the increasing intelligence activities in the Middle East region, which became an important battleground in the East-West conflict during the Cold War Era. This essay argues unlike Germany, which had severe restrictions on its sovereignty and foreign policy during the Cold War; BND plays an active and important role in the Middle East.
Abstract Background We aimed to evaluate periarticular multimodal drug injection (PMDI) in bilateral total knee arthroplasty. Methods In 154 knees of 77 patients, PMDI was administered ...intraoperatively through the regions other than posterior capsule to one knee; other knee was control. Results Drug-injected knees had lower visual analog scale scores and higher passive range of motion postoperatively (p < 0.05). The active straight leg raise was higher in drug-injected knees (47 61% vs 19 24.7%, p = 0.001). Conclusions PMDI is a safe and effective method of early postoperative pain management in total knee arthroplasty when applied through regions other than posterior capsule.
Osteoid osteoma is a benign osteoid-forming tumor generally localized to the long bones,
is rarely localized in the hand and the major symptom is intermittent pain. This study aims to present
two ...patients who were operated on for metacarpal osteoid osteomas.
A 16-year-old female patient and an 18-year-old male patient were operated on for
metacarpal osteoid osteomas. The major symptom was intermittent pain for both patients. After surgical
excision of the niduses, the complaints resolved in both cases.
In the case of high suspicion for osteoid osteoma, computed tomography or magnetic
resonance imaging should be performed due to the risk of negative radiographic findings. Surgical
excision is curative and a safe method of treatment.
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