Workshops are an important part of the IFPA annual meeting as they allow for discussion of specialized topics. At IFPA meeting 2017 there were four themed workshops, all of which are summarized in ...this report. These workshops discussed new knowledge and technological innovations in the following areas of research: 1) placental bed; 2) 3D structural modeling; 3) clinical placentology; 4) treatment of placental dysfunction.
Primary neurovascular headaches, such as migraine and cluster headache probably involve activation of trigeminovascular pain structures projecting to the trigeminocervical complex of neurons in the ...caudal brain stem and upper cervical spinal cord. It has recently been demonstrated that blockade of the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) by an NO synthesis inhibitor can abort acute migraine attacks and thus it is of interest to determine whether there is an influence of NO generation on trigeminocervical neurons. Cats were anaesthetised with
α-chloralose (60 mg/kg, i.t.). supplemental 20 mg/kg, intravenously (i.v.)) and halothane for surgery (0.5–3% by inhalation). A circular midline craniotomy was performed to isolate the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) for electrical stimulation (0.3 Hz, 150 V, 250 μs duration for 2 h). Two groups were compared, one stimulated after administration of vehicle and the other stimulated after administration of N
G-nitro-
l-arginine methylester (
l-NAME: 100 mg/kg, i.v.). After stimulation of the SSS Fos immunoreactivity was observed in lamina I/IIo of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and dorsal horns of C
1 and C
2 to a median total of 136 cells (range 122–146). After
l-NAME treatment Fos expression was significantly reduced to 40 cells (24–54;
P<0.02). In conclusion, inhibition of NO synthesis
l-NAME markedly reduces Fos expression in the trigeminocervical complex of the cat. These data taken together with the clinical observations of the effect of NO synthesis blockade in migraine suggest a role for NO generation in mediating nociceptive transmission in acute migraine.
There are significant differences between the folk biological taxonomy and nomenclature of hunter-gatherers and that of small-scale agriculturalists. While foragers possess sizable inventories of ...labeled plant and animal classes, small-scale farmers tend to have inventories that are considerably larger. Also, binomial names, such as English blue oak and shingle oak, are common in folk taxonomies of cultivators but rare in those of hunter-gatherers. An explanatory framework accounting for these findings is proposed which in part relates the larger taxonomies of farmers to (1) a diversity of ecotypes created by subsistence farming that supports a broadened range of wild organisms, (2) intensive utilization of wild plants and animals as "famine foods" when crops fail, and (3) the greater health risks of farmers, which motivate exceptional interest in organisms of medicinal value. The common occurrence of binomially labeled classes in taxonomies of agriculturalists is related to the lower salience of those taxa compared to the salience of classes labeled in taxonomies of foragers.
Sand-Johnston, October 1966-August 1968 Bulmer, Walter, 1942; Burckhalter, David L; Shelton, Philip C ...
National Museum of Natural History, Pacific Ocean Biological Survey Program, records, circa 1961-1973, with data from 1923
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