The objectives of this research are:
1) an analysis of possible pedagogical strategies in relation to two age categories of Russian students (primary schoolchildren; older teenagers and youth) ...related to the new digital generation; 2) testing an experimental methodology for assessing the degree of influence of digitalization on the activities of older adolescents and youth on a relatively wide range of educational institutions (regular school, two different lyceums, institute) and for a relatively long period (two academic years).
Materials and research methods
are based on a number of foreign works in the field of pedagogy, psychology, neurophysiology, conducted in the USA, Great Britain, Singapore and a number of other countries, starting from the 2000s, as well as studies from the mid-2010s on the digital generation of Russia. The authors used the methodology for assessing the degree of influence of digitalization on students’ activities, previously published in the journal “Open Education” (No. 1/2019).
Results
of a study conducted during 2018 and 2019 in several schools of various types and a higher educational institution of one of the largest Russian regions allowed us to make an assumption about the noticeable significance of one of the two key indicators of the author’s methodology – “Significant Impact of Digitalization in the Activities of Students”. According to the author, it may indicate a lower or higher motivation of students in relation to educational and cognitive activities, including those resulting from the positive or negative impact of digitalization.
Conclusion
. The article describes two pedagogical strategies in relation to different age categories of students, aimed at increasing the motivation for using digital devices for educational and cognitive purposes. The first strategy is aimed at primary schoolchildren and was clearly demonstrated in the early 2000s at the Singapore Institute of Education. The second strategy, aimed at older adolescents and young people, requires the presence of certain social conditions and the consideration of a number of individual factors (average daily time of using digital devices; share of time using digital devices for educational and cognitive purposes; high-quality control of students’ parents or high self-control of students). Testing of the indicated experimental technique allowed the author to identify the boundary numerical values of these factors. At the same time, it is noted that the achievement of a slight negative impact of digital devices on the educational and cognitive activities of students does not require the complete fulfillment of absolutely all three of these factors.
The purpose of the research
is to analyze pedagogical problems stemming from the emergence of a new “digital” generation in Russian educational organizations of various levels (secondary schools, ...universities), and search for possible solutions to these problems primarily aimed at reducing the negative impact of digital devices in students’ activities.
Materials and research methods
are based on a number of foreign publications in the field of pedagogy, psychology, neurophysiology, conducted in the USA, Great Britain, Singapore and other countries since the 2000s, as well as studies of the “digital” generation of Russia in the mid-2010s. This research applied a specially developed technique that enabled conducting a relative assessment of the impact of digital devices on the activities of various students’ groups of an educational system (secondary schools - university) in one of the major Russian regions.
Results
of the study conducted in 2018 in one university and several schools of various types in a region of the Russian Federation reveals that the ninth grade lyceum students show a noticeably lower degree of the effect of digital devices on their daily activities compared to the first-year students of the same university. A similar indicator of a ninth-grade students’ group of a comprehensive secondary school, on the contrary, is significantly higher when compared to that of the first-year university students. The author substantiates two main reasons that lead to this result: 1) a more optimal workload of learning and cognitive activity of lyceum students, which, as a result, significantly reduces their free time, that could be spent on entertainment/ communication; 2) better control from the parents of lyceum students.
Conclusion.
The article describes two pedagogical models that allow, according to the author, to reduce the negative impact of digital devices on the younger generation. The first model (demonstrated at the Singapore Institute of Education), aimed at encouraging students to use gadgets for educational purposes, suggests a number of pedagogical conditions, both artificial (organizational and technological) and natural (age restrictions). The second model, on the one hand, does not impose strict age restrictions, but, at the same time, requires an educational organization to implement the training system that would effectively motivate students to learning and cognitive activity (with or without gadgets) on school days.
The problem of the construction of the optimal model of the automated control system of a Russian higher-education institution (the ACS of an RHEI) is studied. This term appeared in the 1970s–1980s ...and served as the beginning of a project that covered more than 50 of the largest higher-education institutions of the country and is also relevant today. Two main approaches to construction of an automated control system of Russian higher-education institutions are specified, viz., the development of a system using its own resources and the use of the product from a third-party developer. Examples of the application of these approaches are given and the structure of the elements (modules) of the systems is described. The necessity to search for the optimal structure of the elements included in the ACS of an RHEI is specified for most educational organizations taking their dimensions into account and their specific sectoral character, as well as the total expenditures for the acquisition (development) and support of the systems. An example of the structure of the optimal model and a third (combined) approach to its construction is given.
Event reconstruction in the PHENIX central arm spectrometers Mitchell, J.T; Akiba, Y; Aphecetche, L ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
04/2002, Letnik:
482, Številka:
1-2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The central arm spectrometers for the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider have been designed for the optimization of particle identification in relativistic heavy ion collisions. ...The spectrometers present a challenging environment for event reconstruction due to a very high track multiplicity in a complicated, focusing, magnetic field. In order to meet this challenge, nine distinct detector types are integrated for charged particle tracking, momentum reconstruction, and particle identification. The techniques which have been developed for the task of event reconstruction are described.
The PHENIX Forward Silicon Vertex Detector Aidala, C.; Anaya, L.; Anderssen, E. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
08/2014, Letnik:
755
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A new silicon detector has been developed to provide the PHENIX experiment with precise charged particle tracking at forward and backward rapidity. The Forward Silicon Vertex Tracker (FVTX) was ...installed in PHENIX prior to the 2012 run period of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The FVTX is composed of two annular endcaps, each with four stations of silicon mini-strip sensors, covering a rapidity range of 1.2<|η|<2.2 that closely matches the two existing PHENIX muon arms. Each station consists of 48 individual silicon sensors, each of which contains two columns of mini-strips with 75μm pitch in the radial direction and lengths in the ϕ direction varying from 3.4mm at the inner radius to 11.5mm at the outer radius. The FVTX has approximately 0.54million strips in each endcap. These are read out with FPHX chips, developed in collaboration with Fermilab, which are wire bonded directly to the mini-strips. The maximum strip occupancy reached in central Au–Au collisions is approximately 2.8%. The precision tracking provided by this device makes the identification of muons from secondary vertices away from the primary event vertex possible. The expected distance of closest approach (DCA) resolution of 200μm or better for particles with a transverse momentum of 5 GeV/c will allow identification of muons from relatively long-lived particles, such as D and B mesons, through their broader DCA distributions.
Measurements of midrapidity charged particle multiplicity distributions, $dN_{\rm ch}/d\eta$, and midrapidity transverse-energy distributions, $dE_T/d\eta$, are presented for a variety of collision ...systems and energies. Included are distributions for Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$, 130, 62.4, 39, 27, 19.6, 14.5, and 7.7 GeV, Cu$+$Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ and 62.4 GeV, Cu$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV, U$+$U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=193$ GeV, $d$$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV, $^{3}$He$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV, and $p$$+$$p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV. Centrality-dependent distributions at midrapidity are presented in terms of the number of nucleon participants, $N_{\rm part}$, and the number of constituent quark participants, $N_{q{\rm p}}$. For all $A$$+$$A$ collisions down to $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=7.7$ GeV, it is observed that the midrapidity data are better described by scaling with $N_{q{\rm p}}$ than scaling with $N_{\rm part}$. Also presented are estimates of the Bjorken energy density, $\varepsilon_{\rm BJ}$, and the ratio of $dE_T/d\eta$ to $dN_{\rm ch}/d\eta$, the latter of which is seen to be constant as a function of centrality for all systems.
We present azimuthal angular correlations between charged hadrons and energy deposited in calorimeter towers in central d+Au and minimum bias p+p collisions at sqrts_{NN}=200 GeV. The charged hadron ...is measured at midrapidity |η|<0.35, and the energy is measured at large rapidity (-3.7<η<-3.1, Au-going direction). An enhanced near-side angular correlation across |Δη|>2.75 is observed in d+Au collisions. Using the event plane method applied to the Au-going energy distribution, we extract the anisotropy strength v_{2} for inclusive charged hadrons at midrapidity up to p_{T}=4.5 GeV/c. We also present the measurement of v_{2} for identified π^{±} and (anti)protons in central d+Au collisions, and observe a mass-ordering pattern similar to that seen in heavy-ion collisions. These results are compared with viscous hydrodynamic calculations and measurements from p+Pb at sqrts_{NN}=5.02 TeV. The magnitude of the mass ordering in d+Au is found to be smaller than that in p+Pb collisions, which may indicate smaller radial flow in lower energy d+Au collisions.
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