"Contextualizing Disaster" offers a comparative analysis of six recent highly visible disasters and several slow-burning, hidden, crises that include typhoons, tsunamis, earthquakes, chemical spills, ...and the unfolding consequences of rising seas and climate change. The book argues that, while disasters are increasingly represented by the media as unique, exceptional, newsworthy events, it is a mistake to think of disasters as isolated or discrete occurrences. Rather, building on insights developed by political ecologists, this book makes a compelling argument for understanding disasters as transnational and global phenomena.
Contextualizing Disaster offers a comparative analysis of six recent "highly visible" disasters and several slow-burning, "hidden," crises that include typhoons, tsunamis, earthquakes, chemical ...spills, and the unfolding consequences of rising seas and climate change. The book argues that, while disasters are increasingly represented by the media as unique, exceptional, newsworthy events, it is a mistake to think of disasters as isolated or discrete occurrences. Rather, building on insights developed by political ecologists, this book makes a compelling argument for understanding disasters as transnational and global phenomena.
This paper, an account of the Shetland Islands oil spill (1993), examines the public health controversies surrounding the spill and the clean-up response. It critically examines the risk management ...policies of both the United Kingdom and the Shetland Islands Public Health Office, and suggests that the withholding of critical information contributed to increased anxiety and suspicion among the disaster victims. In an attempt to reassure the victims, the policies contributed to an increased air of uncertainty. It is further argued that the withholding of information prevents those who are at greatest risk from participating in critical decisions that may affect their health and livelihoods and asserts that a right-to-know policy is a critical first step in risk management practices.
A Poison Runs Through It GREGORY V. BUTTON; ERIN R. ELDRIDGE
Contextualizing Disaster,
09/2016, Letnik:
1
Book Chapter
Odprti dostop
In our culture we tend to view disasters as isolated, exceptional events. We need to instead view them as connected to one another along various social fault lines and as a direct product of ...socioeconomic processes that transcend traditional boundaries of time and space. By placing disasters back into the dynamic field of social processes and translocal boundaries, we gain a greater understanding of their origins.
Like the accounts of chemical contamination in other chemical corridors around the nation, such as the notorious Cancer Alley in Louisiana, the strip along the Gulf Coast of Texas, the chemical corridor in New
Society for the Anthropology of North America Hyatt, Susan B; Button, Gregory V
Anthropology news (Arlington, Va.),
December 2005, 2005-12-00, Letnik:
46, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Introduction GREGORY V. BUTTON; MARK SCHULLER
Contextualizing Disaster,
09/2016
Book Chapter
Odprti dostop
Given their graphic and often horrific natures, events traditionally labeled as disasters capture everyone’s imagination including journalists, politicians, humanitarians, policy-makers, ...academicians, and the public. How these events are perceived and contextualized plays a decisive role in not only how we respond to calamity, but also how we envision calamity prevention. The goal of this book is to gain a greater understanding of disasters by contextualizing them in hopefully new and different ways by paying close attention to two decisive factors: narration and globalization, which on various levels are two reoccurring themes throughout the volume. Deeply embedded in both themes is
Predictable and sustainable engraftment of live biotherapeutic products into the human gut microbiome is being explored as a promising way to modulate the human gut microbiome. We utilize a synbiotic ...approach pairing the infant gut microbe Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis (B. infantis) and human milk oligosaccharides (HMO). B. infantis, which is typically absent in adults, engrafts into healthy adult microbiomes in an HMO-dependent manner at a relative abundance of up to 25% of the bacterial population without antibiotic pretreatment or adverse effects. Corresponding changes in metabolites are detected. Germ-free mice transplanted with dysbiotic human microbiomes also successfully engraft with B. infantis in an HMO-dependent manner, and the synbiotic augments butyrate levels both in this in vivo model and in in vitro cocultures of the synbiotic with specific Firmicutes species. Finally, the synbiotic inhibits the growth of enteropathogens in vitro. Our findings point to a potential safe mechanism for ameliorating dysbioses characteristic of numerous human diseases.
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•Co-dosing with HMO enables reversible gut engraftment of B. infantis in healthy adults•The synbiotic is safe and does not require the use of antibiotics for gut engraftment•Synbiotic induces butyrate production in mice colonized with dysbiotic human microbiota•In vivo and in vitro models show beneficial impacts on metabolites and enteropathogens
Button et al. present proof-of-concept data showing that Bifidobacterium infantis, an infant gut microbe, can be reversibly introduced and maintained in healthy adult guts without prior antibiotic treatment if human milk oligosaccharides are provided. Higher colonization levels are achieved in dysbiotic human-microbiota-associated mice with concomitant butyrate production, suggesting therapeutic potential.
Background Effective stroke prevention with oral anticoagulants (OAC) is recommended for some patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to describe OAC use by geographical region and type of ...site in patients with recent-onset AF enrolled in a large global registry. Methods and Results Eligible participants were recruited into GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation), a prospective observational cohort study from 2014 to 2016 in 4 international regions: North America, Europe, Asia, and Latin America. Cumulative incidence functions were generated for direct OACs (DOAC), vitamin K antagonists, and antiplatelet drugs considering competing risks, stratified by region and type of site. Time-to-treatment initiation after AF diagnosis was analyzed with Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard models. A total of 21 237 patients eligible for analysis were identified. By 30 days after AF diagnosis, 40%, 16%, and 8.6% of patients had DOAC, vitamin K antagonists, and antiplatelet drugs initiated, respectively. Earlier initiation of DOACs was observed in Europe, with Asia and Latin America having lower hazard rates of DOAC time-to-treatment initiation than Europe (hazard ratio HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.62-0.70 and HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.73-0.85, respectively). DOAC initiation was highest in community hospitals, vitamin K antagonists in outpatient health care centers/anticoagulation clinics, and antiplatelet drugs in primary care clinics. Conclusions Important geographic variability exists with the use of OACs for patients with AF. Differences in the time-to-treatment initiation of OAC by type of site suggests suboptimal implementation of guideline recommendations and could result in less benefit and more harm. Optimizing OAC use for patients with AF may improve outcomes and reduce health care costs. Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifiers: NCT01468701, NCT01671007.
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