Effective quantum communication between remote quantum nodes requires high fidelity quantum state transfer and remote entanglement generation. Recent experiments have demonstrated that microwave ...photons, as well as phonons, can be used to couple superconducting qubits, with a fidelity limited primarily by loss in the communication channel. Adiabatic protocols can overcome channel loss by transferring quantum states without populating the lossy communication channel. In this work, we present a unique superconducting quantum communication system, comprising two superconducting qubits connected by a 0.73 m-long communication channel. Significantly, we can introduce large tunable loss to the channel, allowing exploration of different entanglement protocols in the presence of dissipation. When set for minimum loss in the channel, we demonstrate an adiabatic quantum state transfer protocol that achieves 99% transfer efficiency as well as the deterministic generation of entangled Bell states with a fidelity of 96%, all without populating the intervening communication channel, and competitive with a qubit-resonant mode-qubit relay method. We also explore the performance of the adiabatic protocol in the presence of significant channel loss, and show that the adiabatic protocol protects against loss in the channel, achieving higher state transfer and entanglement fidelities than the relay method.
A transparent heater is produced from single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with a high thermal conductivity. A transparent conducting SWCNT film is fabricated on glass or polymer substrates by ...using a vacuum infiltration method. SWCNT films with a transparency of 65–97 % and a sheet resistance of 230–3500 Ω square–1 are demonstated. These films are good candidates for many applications that require transparent film heaters.
The ZnO thin films were prepared on the quartz substrate by the sol–gel method and the UV photodetector was constructed on the ZnO thin films, with a circular spiral structure in contact 30
nm IrO
2 ...electrodes. The ZnO thin films were crystallized at various temperatures (600–700
°C) for 1
h in a pure oxygen atmosphere, then were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the crystallized thin film structures. From photoluminescence (PL) and
I–
V measurements, the 650
°C thin film not only possessed better crystallization but also had nanowire structures that revealed excellent potential as a UV photodetector.
Aim To evaluate the ex vivo effects of damping on stress concentration in root filled premolar teeth.
Methodology Damping ratios of maxillary premolar teeth that had undergone root canal treatment ...were tested in a laboratory model. In addition, two‐dimensional finite element (FE) models were established for dynamic analysis.
Results The mean‐damping ratio was significantly lower in premolar teeth that had undergone root canal preparation (8.50 ± 0.53%) than in unprepared teeth (14.42 ± 2.17%) (P < 0.05). However, root filling had a significant positive effect on the damping ratio of the tooth (10.84 ± 1.70%) (P < 0.05). When the damping ratio was taken into consideration, FE analysis revealed that peak stresses in the apical one‐third of the root on the buccal side were reduced by 31.8% when mastication forces were applied on the palatal cusp and occlusal fossa.
Conclusion Pulp tissue plays an important role in providing protective effects when teeth are subjected to a dynamic load. However, root filled teeth do not provide such protective effects.
Abstract The formation pathways of compact stellar systems (CSSs) are still under debate. We utilize the NewHorizon simulation to investigate the origins of such objects in the field environment. We ...identified 55 CSS candidates in the simulation whose properties are similar to those of the observed ultracompact dwarfs and compact ellipticals (cEs). All but two most massive objects (cE candidates) are a result of a short starburst. Sixteen are formed by tidal stripping, while the other 39 are intrinsically compact from their birth. The stripped objects originate from dwarf-like galaxies with a dark halo, but most of their dark matter is stripped through their orbital motion around a more massive neighbor galaxy. The 39 intrinsically compact systems are further divided into associated or isolated groups, depending on whether they were born near a massive dark halo or not. The isolated intrinsically compact objects (seven) are born in a dark halo and their stellar properties are older and metal-poor compared to the associated counterparts (32). The stripped compact objects occupy a distinct region in the age–metallicity plane from the intrinsically compact objects. The associated intrinsically compact objects in our sample have never had a dark halo; they are the surviving star clumps of a massive galaxy.
Background Previous reports have indicated that statins could prevent bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and increase the expressions of osteogenic genes in cultured osteoblasts. In this study, ...we hypothesized that simvastatin might increase osteoblast number and protein expressions of osteogenic markers localized in bones in concomitance with the prevention of bone loss in OVX rats.
Materials and methods Fifty‐four 3‐month‐old OVX and sham‐operated (SHAM) female Sprague–Dawley rats were used. Simvastatin (10–20 mg kg−1 day−1) was administrated orally for 6 weeks. Trabecular volume, osteoblast number and osteogenic proteins including BMP2, collagen type I and osteocalcin on bone sections obtained from lumbar vertebral body, distal femur and proximal tibia were measured.
Results The results showed that SHAM rats had significantly less trabecular bone volume and osteoblast number than that of OVX rats 6 weeks after operation. Oral simvastatin treatment (10–20 mg kg−1 day−1) increased bone volume and osteoblast number in the distal femurs, proximal tibiae and vertebrae of OVX rats. Furthermore, the osteoblastic cells with immuno‐stained BMP2, collagen type I and osteocalcin in vertebral bones were significantly increased by simvastatin treatment (20 mg kg−1 day−1) in OVX rats.
Conclusions This study demonstrates that simvastatin enhances the production of osteogenic proteins in bone and this effect may contribute to the prevention of bone loss in OVX rats.
Seo D‐G, Gu Y, Yi Y‐A, Lee S‐J, Jeong J‐S, Lee Y, Chang S‐W, Lee J‐K, Park W, Kim K‐D, Kum K‐Y. A biometric study of C‐shaped root canal systems in mandibular second molars using cone‐beam computed ...tomography. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 807–814, 2012.
Aim To investigate the configuration of C‐shaped canals in mandibular second molars, canal wall thickness and the orientation of the thinnest area at 1‐mm intervals from the canal orifice to the apex by using cone‐beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images.
Methodology Three‐dimensional CBCT images of 92 Korean mandibular second molars having C‐shaped root canals were analysed to determine their configuration using a modification of Melton’s classification, as well as the thinnest walls and their location. Associations between configuration type and distance from the canal orifice to the apex, as well as associations between the directional orientation of the thinnest root wall and distance from the canal orifice to the apex, were assessed by Fisher’s exact test. Because serial measurements of minimum wall thicknesses were correlated with individual teeth, a mixed‐effects analysis was applied.
Results The most common configuration types were Melton’s type I in the coronal region and Melton’s type III in the apical region. Mean thicknesses of the thinnest root canal walls were 1.39 ± 0.38, 0.85 ± 0.25 and 0.77 ± 0.20 mm in the coronal, middle and apical regions, respectively. The thicker the root canal walls at the orifice region, the greater the decrease in thickness towards the apical region (P < 0.05), with the linguo‐central root area being the thinnest. The pattern of decreasing thickness from the orifice to the apex formed a nonlinear cubic curve.
Conclusions The most prevalent configuration types were Melton’s type I (coronal region) and type III (apical region). The linguo‐central root area was the thinnest in C‐shaped root canals of Korean mandibular second molars. These anatomical variations should be considered during surgical or nonsurgical endodontic procedures.
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•We found phthalate exposure may influence thyroid hormone levels through induced oxidative/nitrosative stress.•8% of association between di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites ...(DEHP) and thyroxine (T4) was mediated by malondialdehyde.•11% of association between DEHP metabolites and T4 was mediated by 8-nitroguanine (8-NO2Gua).•17% of association between mono-n-butyl phthalate and free T4 was mediated by (8-NO2Gua).
Phthalate exposure was shown to alter thyroid function, however it is unclear, whether oxidative and nitrosative stress explains the intermediate biological mechanism. This study aimed to investigate the associations between phthalate exposure, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and thyroid function in adults, and to examine the mediating role of oxidative/nitrosative stress in the associations between phthalate exposure and thyroid function. Levels of eleven urinary phthalate metabolites, three urinary biomarkers of oxidative/nitrosative stress (malondialdehyde MDA, 8-OHdG, and 8-NO2Gua) and five serum thyroid hormones (thyroxine T4, free T4, triiodothyronine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and thyroxine-binding globulin) were measured in 266 Taiwanese adults. Cross-sectional associations between phthalate metabolites, biomarkers of oxidative/ nitrosative stress and thyroid hormones were analyzed using multivariate regression models. Mediation analysis was conducted to assess the role of oxidative/nitrosative stress in the associations between phthalate metabolites and thyroid hormone levels. Sum of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites was positively associated with MDA (βT1-T2 = 0.253, 95%CI 0.060, 0.447; β ≧ T2 = 0.317, 95% CI 0.098, 0.536; Ptrend = 0.005) and 8-NO2Gua (βT1-T2 = −0.010, 95%CI −0.138, 0.118; β ≧ T2 = 0.144, 95% CI −0.001, 0.289; Ptrend = 0.045). Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) was positively associated with 8-NO2Gua (βT1-T2 = 0.201, 95% CI 0.078, −0.324; β ≧ T2 = 0.161, 95% CI 0.031, −0.292; Ptrend = 0.018). T4 was negatively associated with MDA (βT1–T2 = −0.027, 95% CI −0.088, 0.0034; β≧T2 = −0.094, 95% CI −0.161, −0.028; Ptrend = 0.005) and 8-NO2Gua (βT1–T2 = −0.068, 95% CI −0.127, −0.010; β≧T2 = −0.125, 95% CI −0.184, −0.066; Ptrend < 0.001). Free T4 was positively associated with MDA (Ptrend = 0.047) and with 8-NO2Gua (Ptrend < 0.001). 8-NO2Gua mediated 11% of the association between the sum of DEHP metabolites and T4, and 17% of the association between MnBP and free T4. These results suggest that phthalate exposure may influence thyroid hormone levels through induced oxidative/nitrosative stress.
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