Using the deterministic, on-demand generation of two entangled phonons, we demonstrate a quantum eraser protocol in a phononic interferometer where the which-path information can be heralded during ...the interference process. Omitting the heralding step yields a clear interference pattern in the interfering half-quanta pathways; including the heralding step suppresses this pattern. If we erase the heralded information after the interference has been measured, the interference pattern is recovered, thereby implementing a delayed-choice quantum erasure. The test is implemented using a closed surface acoustic wave communication channel into which one superconducting qubit can emit itinerant phonons that the same or a second qubit can later recapture. If the first qubit releases only half of a phonon, the system follows a superposition of paths during the phonon propagation: either an itinerant phonon is in the channel or the first qubit remains in its excited state. These two paths are made to constructively or destructively interfere by changing the relative phase of the two intermediate states, resulting in a phase-dependent modulation of the first qubit’s final state, following interaction with the half-phonon. A heralding mechanism is added to this construct, entangling a heralding phonon with the signaling phonon. The first qubit emits a phonon herald conditioned on the qubit being in its excited state, with no signaling phonon, and the second qubit catches this heralding phonon, storing which-path information which can either be read out, destroying the signaling phonon’s self-interference, or erased.
The emergence of azole resistance in
as well as an increasing frequency of multiresistant cryptic
spp. necessitates exploration of new classes of antifungals. Olorofim (formerly F901318) is a new ...fungicidal agent that prevents the growth of ascomycetous mold species via inhibition of
pyrimidine biosynthesis, a mechanism of action distinct from that of currently available antifungal drugs. We studied the
efficacy of olorofim intraperitoneal therapy (15 mg/kg of body weight every 8 h for 9 days) against infection with
,
, and
in both neutropenic CD-1 mice and mice with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) (
mice). In the neutropenic mouse model, 80% to 88% of treated mice survived for 10 days, and in the CGD group, 63% to 88% of treated mice survived for 10 days, depending on the infecting species, while less than 10% of the mice in the control groups survived for 10 days. In the olorofim-treated groups, galactomannan levels were significantly suppressed, with lower organ fungal DNA burdens being seen for all three
spp. Histopathological slides revealed a limited number of inflammatory foci with or without detectable fungal elements in the kidneys of neutropenic CD-1 mice and in the lungs of CGD mice. Furthermore, the efficacy of olorofim was unrelated to the triazole MICs of the infecting
spp. These results show olorofim to be a promising therapeutic agent for invasive aspergillosis.
•Thermal ablation from a copper foil surface by a single femtosecond laser pulse was investigated theoretically and experimentally.•A 1D two-temperature model with temperature-dependent material ...properties was considered.•An average ablation depths difference between simulation and experimental results being only about 36nm.
Thermal ablation of a copper foil surface by a single femtosecond laser pulse of duration 120fs and wavelength 800nm was investigated herein both theoretically and experimentally. A 1D two-temperature model with temperature-dependent material properties was considered, including the extended Drude model for dynamic optical properties. The rapid phase change and phase explosion models were incorporated to simulate the material ablation process. The simulated ablation depths agree well with the experimental measurements for the high laser fluence regime ranging from 6.1 to 63.4J/cm2.
Un-doped Al (0–9
at.%) nanoparticles and doped ZnO powders were prepared by the sol–gel method. The nanoparticles were heated at 700–800
°C for 1
h in air and then analyzed by X-ray diffraction ...(XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectra and photoluminescence (PL). The results of un-doped (ZnO) and Al-doped ZnO (AZO) nanoparticles were also compared to investigate the structural characteristics and physical properties. XRD patterns of AZO powders were similar to those of ZnO powders, indicating that micro-Al ions were substituted for Zn atoms and there were no variations in the structure of the ZnO nanoparticles. From the XRD and SEM data, the grain size of the AZO nanoparticles increased from 34.41 to 40.14
nm when the annealing temperature was increased. The Raman intensity of the AZO nanoparticles (Al
=
5
at.%) increased when the annealing temperature was increased. Increasing the degree of crystalline not only reduced the residual stress, but also improved the physical properties of the nanoparticles.
Abstract
Surface acoustic waves are commonly used in classical electronics applications, and their use in quantum systems is beginning to be explored, as evidenced by recent experiments using ...acoustic Fabry–Pérot resonators. Here we explore their use for quantum communication, where we demonstrate a single-phonon surface acoustic wave transmission line, which links two physically separated qubit nodes. Each node comprises a microwave phonon transducer, an externally controlled superconducting variable coupler, and a superconducting qubit. Using this system, precisely shaped individual itinerant phonons are used to coherently transfer quantum information between the two physically distinct quantum nodes, enabling the high-fidelity node-to-node transfer of quantum states as well as the generation of a two-node Bell state. We further explore the dispersive interactions between an itinerant phonon emitted from one node and interacting with the superconducting qubit in the remote node. The observed interactions between the phonon and the remote qubit promise future quantum-optics-style experiments with itinerant phonons.
Due to its abundance, silicon is the preferred solar-cell material despite the fact that current silicon materials have indirect band gaps. Although the band gap properties of silicon have been ...studied intensively, until now, no direct band gap silicon-based material has been found or suggested. We report here the discovery of direct band gap silicon crystals. By using conformational space annealing, we optimize various crystal structures containing multiple (10 to 20) silicon atoms per unit cell so that their electronic structures become direct band gap. Through first-principles calculations, we identify many direct and quasidirect band gap crystal structures, which exhibit excellent photovoltaic efficiency.
Objective
The seed coat of black soya bean (SCBS) contains high amount of anthocyanins and shows antioxidant and anti‐mushroom tyrosinase activities. The objectives of this study were to analyse the ...anthocyanins in SCBS with different solvents and to find the relationship between anthocyanin profile with anti‐human and anti‐mushroom tyrosinase activities.
Methods
SCBS was extracted with hot water, 50 and 80% ethanol, 50 and 80% acetone and 50 and 80% acidified acetone. Total phenol and total flavonoid contents in the extracts were determined. Anthocyanins in the extracts were analysed using HPLC and LC/MS/MS. A genetically engineered human tyrosinase was used to evaluate the anti‐tyrosinase potential of the extracts from SCBS.
Results
80% acetone extract from SCBS obtained the highest total phenol, total flavonoid and cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (C3G) contents among all the extracts, whereas the hot water extract showed the lowest antioxidant contents. Three anthocyanin compounds were found in all the extracts from SCBS, and the analysis of HPLC and LC/MS/MS indicated that they were C3G, delphinidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (D3G) and peonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (P3G). The ratios of C3G (2.84 mg g−1), D3G (0.34 mg g−1) and P3G (0.35 mg g−1) in 80% acidified acetone extract were 76.6, 9.1 and 9.3%, respectively. All the extracts from SCBS possessed anti‐human tyrosinase activity. Moreover, a good correlation was found between the anti‐human tyrosinase activities and C3G contents in the extracts.
Conclusion
Antioxidants in SCBS also possess anti‐human and anti‐mushroom tyrosinase activities.
Résumé
Objectif
L'enveloppe de la graine du soja noir (SCBS) contient une quantité élevée des anthocyanes et possèdent des activités antioxydantes et anti‐tyrosinase de champignon. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient d'analyser les anthocyanes dans SCBS avec différents solvants et de trouver la relation entre le profil des anthocyanes avec les activités anti‐tyrosinase humaine et champignon.
Méthodes
SCBS a été extrait à l'eau chaude, à l'éthanol à 50 et 80%, à l'acétone 50 et 80% et à l' d'acétone acidifiée à 50 and 80%. Les phénols et le total des flavonoïdes contenus dans les extraits ont été déterminés. Les Anthocyanins dans les extraits ont été analysées par HPLC et LC / MS / MS. La tyrosinase humaine obtenue par génie génétique a été utilisée pour évaluer le potentiel anti‐tyrosinase des extraits de SCBS.
Resultats
L'extrait à l'acétone 80% à partir du SCBS a montré la plus haute teneur en phénols, en flavonoïdes, et en cyanidine‐3‐O‐glucoside (C3G) entre tous les extraits, alors que l'extrait à l'eau chaude a montré les plus basses concentrations en antioxydants. Trois composés anthocyanes ont été trouvés dans tous les extraits de SCBS, et l'analyse de HPLC et LC / MS / MS a indiqué qu'ils représentent C3G, delphinidine‐3‐O‐glucoside (D3G) et péonidine‐3‐O‐glucoside (P3G). Les rapports des C3G (2,84 mg / g), D3G (0,34 mg / g) et de P3G (0,35 mg / g) dans l'extrait 80% d'acétone acidifié étaient de 76,6, 9,1 et 9,3%, respectivement. Tous les extraits de SCBS possédaient une activité anti‐tyrosinase humaine. En outre, une bonne corrélation a été trouvée entre les activités anti‐tyrosinase humaine et les contenus C3G dans les extraits.
Conclusion
Les antioxydants dans SCBS possèdent des deux activités anti‐tyrosinase humaine et champignon.
Summary
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been documented as a risk factor for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, there are few large cohort studies, and there is no report about the impact of ...HBV vaccination. We conducted this study to evaluate these issues. We used the nationwide cohort of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database for 1997–2013. We compared the incidence and the risk of developing NHL and CD20+ aggressive lymphoma between HBV and non‐HBV cohorts. The hazard ratios (HRs) were computed using Cox proportional hazards models. We matched these two large cohorts to reconfirm the data. We also compared the incidence of NHL between cohorts born before and after the inception of universal HBV vaccination. We found that HBV infection increased the risk for developing NHL and CD20+ aggressive lymphoma, with HRs of 4.14 and 5.52, with a higher incidence of 17.07 and 13.9 per 100 000 person‐years, respectively, compared to the non‐HBV cohort. The incidence of NHL in the cohort born in the era before universal HBV vaccination was higher with 1.85 per 100 000 person‐years compared to 0.74 in the cohort born later aged younger than 20. Our study confirms that HBV confers a greater risk for developing NHL, especially CD20+ aggressive lymphoma. The impact of HBV vaccination is protective against lymphoma development in the teenagers in an endemic area, but longer follow‐up is needed for older age.
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