Context.
Globular clusters (GCs) are witnesses of the past accretion events onto the Milky Way. In particular, the GCs of the Sagittarius (Sgr) dwarf galaxy are important probes of an on-going ...merger.
Aims.
Our main goal is to search for new GC members of this dwarf galaxy using the VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea Extended Survey (VVVX) near-infrared database combined with the
Gaia
Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) optical database.
Methods.
We investigated all VVVX-enabled discoveries of GC candidates in a region covering about 180 sq. deg. toward the bulge and the Sgr dwarf galaxy. We used multiband point-spread function photometry to obtain deep color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) and luminosity functions (LFs) for all GC candidates, complemented by accurate
Gaia
-EDR3 proper motions (PMs) to select Sgr members and variability information to select RR Lyrae which are potential GC members.
Results.
After applying a strict PM cut to discard foreground bulge and disk stars, the CMDs and LFs for some of the GC candidates exhibit well defined red giant branches and red clump giant star peaks. We selected the best Sgr GCs, estimating their distances, reddenings, and associated RR Lyrae.
Conclusions.
We discover 12 new Sgr GC members, more than doubling the number of GCs known in this dwarf galaxy. In addition, there are 11 other GC candidates identified that are uncertain, awaiting better data for confirmation.
MUSIB: musical score inpainting benchmark Araneda-Hernandez, Mauricio; Bravo-Marquez, Felipe; Parra, Denis ...
EURASIP journal on audio, speech, and music processing,
05/2023, Letnik:
2023, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Music inpainting is a sub-task of automated music generation that aims to infill incomplete musical pieces to help musicians in their musical composition process. Many methods have been developed for ...this task. However, we observe a tendency for each method to be evaluated using different datasets and metrics in the papers where they are presented. This lack of standardization hinders an adequate comparison of these approaches. To tackle these problems, we present MUSIB, a new benchmark for musical score inpainting with standardized conditions for evaluation and reproducibility. MUSIB evaluates four models: Variable Length Piano Infilling (VLI), Music InpaintNet, Music SketchNet, and AnticipationRNN, and over two commonly used datasets: JSB Chorales and IrishFolkSong. We also compile, extend, and propose metrics to adequately quantify note attributes such as pitch and rhythm with
Note Metrics
, but also higher-level musical properties with the introduction of
Divergence Metrics
, which operate by comparing the distance between distributions of musical features. Our evaluation shows that VLI, a model based on Transformer architecture, is the best performer on a larger dataset, while VAE-based models surpass this Transformer-based model on a relatively small dataset. With MUSIB, we aim at inspiring the community towards better reproducibility in music generation research, setting an example for strongly founded comparisons among SOTA methods.
Fuzzy logic is an artificial intelligence technique that has applications in many areas, due to its importance in handling uncertain inputs. Despite the great recent success of other branches of AI, ...such as deep neural networks, fuzzy logic is still a very powerful machine learning technique, based on expert reasoning, that can be of help in many areas of musical creativity, such as composing music, synthesizing sounds, gestural mappings in electronic instruments, parametric control of sound synthesis, audiovisual content generation or sonification. We propose that fuzzy logic is a very suitable framework for thinking and operating not only with sound and acoustic signals but also with symbolic representations of music. In this article, we discuss the application of fuzzy logic ideas to music, introduce the Fuzzy Logic Control Toolkit, a set of tools to use fuzzy logic inside the MaxMSP real-time sound synthesis environment, and show how some fuzzy logic concepts can be used and incorporated into fields, such as algorithmic composition, sound synthesis and parametric control of computer music. Finally, we discuss the composition of
, an acousmatic multichannel composition as a concrete example of the application of fuzzy concepts to musical creation.
This article presents an extension of Iannis Xenakis's Dynamic Stochastic Synthesis (DSS) called Diffusion Dynamic Stochastic Synthesis (DDSS). This extension solves a diffusion equation whose ...solutions can be used to map particle positions to amplitude values of several breakpoints in a waveform, following traditional concepts of DSS by directly shaping the waveform of a sound. One significant difference between DSS and DDSS is that the latter includes a drift in the Brownian trajectories that each breakpoint experiences through time. Diffusion Dynamic Stochastic Synthesis can also be used in other ways, such as to control the amplitude values of an oscillator bank using additive synthesis, shaping in this case the spectrum, not the waveform. This second modality goes against Xenakis's original desire to depart from classical Fourier synthesis. The results of spectral analyses of the DDSS waveform approach, implemented using the software environment Max, are discussed and compared with the results of a simplified version of DSS to which, despite the similarity in the overall form of the frequency spectrum, noticeable differences are found. In addition to the Max implementation of the basic DDSS algorithm, a MIDI-controlled synthesizer is also presented here. With DDSS we introduce a real physical process, in this case diffusion, into traditional stochastic synthesis. This sort of sonification can suggest models of sound synthesis that are more complex and grounded in physical concepts.
Multimorbidity is defined as the presence of two or more chronic medical conditions in a person, whether physical, mental or long-term infectious diseases. This is especially common in older ...populations, affecting their quality of life and emotionally impacting their caregivers and family. Technology can allow for monitoring, managing, and motivating older adults in their self-care, as well as supporting their caregivers. However, when several conditions are present at once, it may be necessary to manage several types of technologies, or for technology to manage the interaction between conditions. This work aims to understand and describe the technologies that are used to support the management of multimorbidity for older adults. We conducted a systematic review of ten years of scientific literature from four online databases. We reviewed a corpus of 681 research papers, finally including 25 in our review. The technologies used most frequently by older adults with multimorbidity are mobile applications and websites, and they are mostly focused on communication and connectivity. We then propose opportunities for future research on addressing the challenges in the management of several simultaneous health conditions, potentially creating a better approach than managing each condition as if it were independent.
Deep learning, one of the fastest-growing branches of artificial intelligence, has become one of the most relevant research and development areas of the last years, especially since 2012, when a ...neural network surpassed the most advanced image classification techniques of the time. This spectacular development has not been alien to the world of the arts, as recent advances in generative networks have made possible the artificial creation of high-quality content such as images, movies or music. We believe that these novel generative models propose a great challenge to our current understanding of computational creativity. If a robot can now create music that an expert cannot distinguish from music composed by a human, or create novel musical entities that were not known at training time, or exhibit conceptual leaps, does it mean that the machine is then creative? We believe that the emergence of these generative models clearly signals that much more research needs to be done in this area. We would like to contribute to this debate with two case studies of our own: TimbreNet, a variational auto-encoder network trained to generate audio-based musical chords, and StyleGAN Pianorolls, a generative adversarial network capable of creating short musical excerpts, despite the fact that it was trained with images and not musical data. We discuss and assess these generative models in terms of their creativity and we show that they are in practice capable of learning musical concepts that are not obvious based on the training data, and we hypothesize that these deep models, based on our current understanding of creativity in robots and machines, can be considered, in fact, creative.
This paper redefines the performance practice of street barrel organs by transcending their conventional physical gestures beyond their role as mere music reproduction machines. We propose a new ...understanding of these instruments by establishing a parallel with how turntables started to be considered musical instruments through hand manipulation. Collaborating with Chilean organilleros, we experimented with the notion of 'physical gesture transgression' and explored creating new sounds through various body actions. We provide a list of 'transgressive gestures,' proposing expansions through instrument preparation or additional gestures, and how these new gestures can be annotated alongside traditional notation for other musical instruments.
A combination of micro-Raman spectroscopy and micro-XPS (X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy) mapping on statically deflected p-type silicon cantilevers is used to study the mechanical stress ...dependence of the Fermi level pinning at an oxidized silicon (001) surface. With uniaxial compressive and tensile stress applied parallel to the ⟨110⟩ crystal direction, the observations are relevant to the electronic properties of strain-silicon nano-devices with large surface-to-volume ratios such as nanowires and nanomembranes. The surface Fermi level pinning is found to be even in applied stress, a fact that may be related to the symmetry of the Pb0 silicon/oxide interface defects. For stresses up to 240 MPa, an increase in the pinning energy of 0.16 meV/MPa is observed for compressive stress, while for tensile stress it increases by 0.11 meV/MPa. Using the bulk, valence band deformation potentials the reduction in surface band bending in compression (0.09 meV/MPa) and in tension (0.13 meV/MPa) can be estimated.
•Uses surface science tools to spectroscopically measure the mechanical stress dependence of the Fermi level pinning at a silicon/oxide interface. This has previously been accomplished only indirectly via modelling of transport measurements.•Gives values for the stress-induced shifts of the surface Fermi level for stress applied along the technologically important ⟨110⟩ direction. These values are useful design parameters for strained silicon nano-devices where surface Fermi level pinning is important to the device functionality.•Shows that the Fermi level pinning is even in applied stress, in direct contrast to bulk piezo-electronic phenomena. The manuscript relates this to the symmetry of the intrinsic defects present at the silicon/oxide interface.•Challenges theoreticians using ab initio methods to provide a microscopic description of the magnitude and symmetry of the observed mechanical stress dependence. The magnitudes of the observed energy shifts are at the limit of the energy resolution of current density functional theory models.
This article describes a synthesis technique based on the sonification of the dynamic behavior of a quantum particle enclosed in an infinite square well. More specifically, we sonify the momentum ...distribution of a one-dimensional Gaussian bouncing wave packet model. We have chosen this particular case because of its relative simplicity and interesting dynamic behavior, which makes it suitable for a novel sonification mapping that can be applied to standard synthesis techniques, resulting in the generation of appealing sounds. In addition, this sonification might provide useful insight into the behavior of the quantum particle. In particular, this model exhibits quantum revivals, minimizes uncertainty, and exhibits similarities to the case of a classical bouncing ball. The proposed model has been implemented in real time in both the Max/MSP and the Pure Data environments. The algorithm is based on concepts of additive synthesis where each oscillator describes the eigenfunctions that characterize the state evolution of the wave packet. We also provide an analysis of the sounds produced by the model from both a physical and a perceptual point of view.
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