To review the effects of core stability exercise or general exercise for patients with chronic low back pain (LBP).
Exercise therapy appears to be effective at decreasing pain and improving function ...for patients with chronic LBP in practice guidelines. Core stability exercise is becoming increasingly popular for LBP. However, it is currently unknown whether core stability exercise produces more beneficial effects than general exercise in patients with chronic LBP.
Published articles from 1970 to October 2011 were identified using electronic searches. For this meta-analysis, two reviewers independently selected relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating core stability exercise versus general exercise for the treatment of patients with chronic LBP. Data were extracted independently by the same two individuals who selected the studies.
From the 28 potentially relevant trials, a total of 5 trials involving 414 participants were included in the current analysis. The pooling revealed that core stability exercise was better than general exercise for reducing pain mean difference (-1.29); 95% confidence interval (-2.47, -0.11); P = 0.003 and disability mean difference (-7.14); 95% confidence interval (-11.64, -2.65); P = 0.002 at the time of the short-term follow-up. However, no significant differences were observed between core stability exercise and general exercise in reducing pain at 6 months mean difference (-0.50); 95% confidence interval (-1.36, 0.36); P = 0.26 and 12 months mean difference (-0.32); 95% confidence interval (-0.87, 0.23); P = 0.25.
Compared to general exercise, core stability exercise is more effective in decreasing pain and may improve physical function in patients with chronic LBP in the short term. However, no significant long-term differences in pain severity were observed between patients who engaged in core stability exercise versus those who engaged in general exercise.
http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO PROSPERO registration number: CRD42011001717.
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► P is important to enhance algal lipid productivity under nitrogen deficiency (N−). ► Lipid productivity under N− with sufficient P supply is highest as 58.39mg/L/day. ► P uptake ...rate under N− is 3.8 times faster than that of sufficient N&P supply. ► 31P NMR shows that uptake P is accumulated as polyphosphate in algal cells.
To investigate the role of phosphorus in lipid production under nitrogen starvation conditions, five types of media possessing different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations or their combination were prepared to culture Chlorella vulgaris. It was found that biomass production under nitrogen deficient condition with sufficient phosphorus supply was similar to that of the control (with sufficient nutrition), resulting in a maximum lipid productivity of 58.39mg/L/day. Meanwhile, 31P NMR showed that phosphorus in the medium was transformed and accumulated as polyphosphate in cells. The uptake rate of phosphorus in cells was 3.8 times higher than the uptake rate of the control. This study demonstrates that phosphorus plays an important role in lipid production of C. vulgaris under nitrogen deficient conditions and implies a potential to combine phosphorus removal from wastewater with biodiesel production via microalgae.
In this work, we investigated the anaerobic decolorization of methyl orange (MO), a typical azo dye, by
Shewanella oneidensis
MR-1, which can use various organic and inorganic substances as its ...electron acceptor in natural and engineered environments.
S. oneidensis
MR-1 was found to be able to obtain energy for growth through anaerobic respiration accompanied with dissimilatory azo-reduction of MO. Chemical analysis shows that MO reduction occurred via the cleavage of azo bond. Block of Mtr respiratory pathway, a transmembrane electron transport chain, resulted in a reduction of decolorization rate by 80%, compared to the wild type. Knockout of
cymA
resulted in a substantial loss of its azo-reduction ability, indicating that CymA is a key
c
-type cytochrome in the electron transfer chain to MO. Thus, the MtrA-MtrB-MtrC respiratory pathway is proposed to be mainly responsible for the anaerobic decolorization of azo dyes such as MO by
S. oneidensis
.
•Tmem88 can promote apoptosis and reversion of activated HSCs.•Tmem88 regulates the fate of HSCs by inhibiting Wnt/β‐catenin signaling.•Dnmt3a may be associated with the Tmem88 expression in HSCs.
...Transmembrane protein 88 (Tmem88) is a crucial inhibitor for Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the development of myocardial cells. Due to the important role of β-catenin in the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), it is necessary to investigate the function of Tmem88 in HSCs. In this study, we found that Tmem88 expression was decreased in the human liver fibrotic tissues, primary HSCs from fibrotic mice and activated HSC-T6 cells. Functionally, Tmem88 could inhibit HSCs activation and proliferation by blocking Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and promoted the apoptosis of activated HSCs by initiating Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase3 pathway. Moreover, the level of DNA metyltransferase 3a (Dnmt3a) was upregulated in activated HSCs, and siRNA-mediated Dnmt3a silencing led to Tmem88 restoration. These results indicated that Tmem88 played an important role in HSCs activation, proliferation and apoptosis, and Tmem88 expression might be modulated by Dnmt3a.
► Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 could decolorize the non-azo metal-complex dye NGB under anaerobic condition. ► Ferric citrate, nitrite, or nitrate could significantly decrease the decolorization of ...NGB. ► Nanomaterials were biosynthesized coupled with the degradation of NGB when thiosulfate was added. ► Addition of electron shuttle could accelerate the decolorization of NGB. ► Mtr respiratory pathway was responsible for the decolorization of NGB by S. oneidensis.
The anaerobic decolorization of metal-complex dye Naphthol Green B (NGB) by a metal-reducing bacterium, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, was investigated. S. oneidensis MR-1 showed a high capacity for decolorizing NGB even at a concentration of up to 1000mg/L under anaerobic conditions. Maximum decolorization efficiency was appeared at pH 8.0 and 40°C. Addition of iron oxide caused no inhibition to the NGB decolorization, while the presence of ferric citrate, nitrite, or nitrate almost completely terminated the decolorization. Biosynthesis of nanomaterials was observed coupled with the degradation of NGB when thiosulfate was added. The Mtr respiratory pathway was found to be responsible for the decolorization of NGB by S. oneidensis, in which extracellular electron shuttle also plays a positive role in promoting the decolorization.
Liver fibrosis is a reversible wound-healing response to chronic hepatic injuries. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) plays a pivotal role in the development of hepatic fibrosis. The ...currently accepted mechanism for the resolution of liver fibrosis is the apoptosis and inactivation of activated HSCs. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a prototype of non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase, is proved to be a vital modulator in cardiac fibrogenesis. However, the precise role of PTP1B on liver fibrosis and HSC activation is still unclear. Our study showed that the expression of PTP1B was elevated in fibrotic liver but reduced after spontaneous recovery. Moreover, stimulation of HSC-T6 cells with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) resulted in a dose/time-dependent increase of PTP1B mRNA and protein. Co-incubation of HSC-T6 cells with PTP1B-siRNA inhibited the cell proliferation and activation induced by TGF-β1. Additionally, both mRNA and protein of PTP1B were dramatically decreased in inactivated HSCs after treated with adipogenic differentiation mixture (MDI). Over-expression of PTP1B hindered the inactivation of HSC-T6 cells induced by MDI. These observations revealed a regulatory role of PTP1B in liver fibrosis and implied PTP1B as a potential therapeutic target.
•The expression of PTP1B in the fibrotic livers and recovery livers•The expression of PTP1B in activated and inactivated HSCs•Blockade of PTP1B inhibited the TGF-β1-induced proliferation and activation of HSCs.•Over-expression of PTP1B abolished the inactivation of HSCs induced by MDI.
The enhanced electricity generation in a biocathode bio-electrochemical system (BES) with Microcystis aeruginosa IPP as the cathodic microorganism under illumination is investigated. The results show ...that this cyanobacterium is able to act as a potential cathodic microorganism under illumination. In addition, M. aeruginosa IPP is found to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in its growth in the BES. ROS, as more competitive electron acceptors than oxygen, are utilized prior to oxygen. The BES current is substantially reduced when the ROS production is inhibited by mannitol, indicating that the ROS secreted by the cyanobacterium play an important role in the electricity generation of such a biocathode BES. This work demonstrates that the ROS released by cyanobacteria benefit for an enhanced electricity generation of BES.
► M. aeruginosa can act as a cathodic microorganism under illumination in a biocathode BES. ► M. aeruginosa IPP is able to produce ROS in its growth in BES. ► ROS released by cyanobacteria benefit for an enhanced electricity generation.
The hematopoietically-expressed homeobox gene (HHEX) played a critical role in regulating the immune system that the abnormality of which was involved in the psychopathology and cognitive deficits of ...psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HHEX rs1111875 polymorphism on the susceptibility and cognitive deficits of first-episode schizophrenic patients (FSP). We assessed cognitive function in 239 first-episode patients meeting DSM-IV for schizophrenia, and 368 healthy controls using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). The HHEX rs1111875 polymorphism was genotyped. Our results showed that the allelic and genotypic frequencies of HHEX rs1111875 polymorphism didn't differ between FSP and healthy controls (both p > 0.05) after adjusting for sex and age. Cognitive test scores in FSP were significantly lower than those in healthy controls on all scales (all p < 0.001) except for the visuospatial/constructional score (p > 0.05) after adjusting for covariates. There was a significant genotype (p < 0.05) rather than genotype × diagnosis (p > 0.05) effect on the delayed memory score after adjusting for covariates. The HHEX rs1111875 polymorphism was significantly associated with the delayed memory score in FSP (p < 0.05), but not in healthy controls (p > 0.05) after adjusting for covariates. Our findings supported that the HHEX rs1111875 polymorphism did not contribute to the susceptibility to FSP. However, this polymorphism might influence the delayed memory in FSP. Moreover, FSP had poorer cognitive function than healthy controls except for the visuospatial/constructional domain.
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