Yang, C., 2020. Mental health status of the interns in the construction project of urban water resources circulation along the Yellow River Basin. In: Bai, X. and Zhou, H. (eds.), Advances in Water ...Resources, Environmental Protection, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 115, pp. 579-582. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The social regeneration of water resources is a process in which water resources get use value again through human intervention in urban and rural areas. The water resources recycling project of the main cities in the Yellow River Basin is the focus of urban construction. Interns' health status and working ability are the basic guarantee for safe duty at project. In this paper, the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and Driver's Emotional State Scale (DPOMS) is used in this paper as measurement tools. The interns in Xi'an Polytechnic University are chosen as the sample to study on the relationship between Chinese interns' age, type of work, position, social support, emotional state and other factors and their mental health. The results provide a reference for the safety and stability of water circulation engineering.
Abstract
Background
Spinal cord injury (SCI) favors a persistent pro-inflammatory macrophages/microglia-mediated response with only a transient appearance of anti-inflammatory phenotype of immune ...cells. However, the mechanisms controlling this special sterile inflammation after SCI are still not fully elucidated. It is known that damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from necrotic cells after injury can trigger severe inflammation. High mobility group box 1(HMGB1), a ubiquitously expressed DNA binding protein, is an identified DAMP, and our previous study demonstrated that reactive astrocytes could undergo necroptosis and release HMGB1 after SCI in mice. The present study aimed to explore the effects and the possible mechanism of HMGB1on macrophages/microglia polarization, as well as the neuroprotective effects by HMGB1 inhibition after SCI.
Methods
In this study, the expression and the concentration of HMGB1 was determined by qRT-PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. Glycyrrhizin was applied to inhibit HMGB1, while FPS-ZM1 to suppress receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). The polarization of macrophages/microglia in vitro and in vivo was detected by qRT-PCR, immunostaining, and western blot. The lesion area was detected by GFAP staining, while neuronal survival was examined by Nissl staining. Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining, DAB staining, and western blot were adopted to evaluate the myelin loss. Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scoring and rump-height Index (RHI) assay was applied to evaluate locomotor functional recovery.
Results
Our data showed that HMGB1 can be elevated and released from necroptotic astrocytes and HMGB1 could induce pro-inflammatory microglia through the RAGE-nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. We further demonstrated that inhibiting HMGB1 or RAGE effectively decreased the numbers of detrimental pro-inflammatory macrophages/microglia while increased anti-inflammatory cells after SCI. Furthermore, our data showed that inhibiting HMGB1 or RAGE significantly decreased neuronal loss and demyelination, and improved functional recovery after SCI.
Conclusions
The data implicated that HMGB1-RAGE axis contributed to the dominant pro-inflammatory macrophages/microglia-mediated pro-inflammatory response, and inhibiting this pathway afforded neuroprotection for SCI. Thus, therapies designed to modulate immune microenvironment based on this cascade might be a prospective treatment for SCI.
Abstract
Lipase is a kind of industrial enzyme preparation with various catalytic abilities and is widely used in food, energy, medicine and other fields. To increase lipase and enzyme cocktail ...activity through solid-state fermentation, the novel strain
Penicillium
sp. Y-21 was obtained through ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutation from the novel strain Y, which was isolated from soils. Solid-state fermentation by strain Y-21 using agricultural byproducts was carried out in tray bioreactors. The optimum culture composition for enzyme cocktail fermentation was soybean meal 20 g, 3% (w/w) glucose, 1% (w/w) peptone, 5% (w/w) lard, 0.04% (w/w) CaCl
2
, 0.04% (w/w) FeCl
3
, 28 °C for 72 h. The enzyme cocktail produced by strain Y-21 is a kind of multienzyme complex, containing xylanase, glucanase, acidic protease, pectinase, cellulase and lipase, and their enzymatic activities (unit: U g
−1
) were 8000, 6000, 8000, 2000, 3000 and 120, respectively. During the fermentation process, the lipase coding genes
pel
,
pha
, and
p
12 were also studied and amplified from the RNA of
Penicillium
sp. Y-21 by RT-PCR. The results showed that the
pel
gene played an important role in enzyme production. Afterwards, an enzyme cocktail can be added to chicken feed as an additive, which improves animal growth and feed efficiency.
: A comprehensive investigation was carried out to determine the changes that occurred in water‐stressed cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in response to melatonin treatment. We examined the potential ...roles of melatonin during seed germination and root generation and measured its effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and photosynthesis. Melatonin alleviated polyethylene glycol induced inhibition of seed germination, with 100 μm melatonin‐treated seeds showing the greatest germination rate. Melatonin stimulated root generation and vitality and increased the root:shoot ratio; therefore, melatonin may have an effect on strengthening cucumber roots. Melatonin treatment significantly reduced chlorophyll degradation. Seedlings treated with 100 μm melatonin clearly showed a higher photosynthetic rate, thus reversing the effect of water stress. Furthermore, the ultrastructure of chloroplasts in water‐stressed cucumber leaves was maintained after melatonin treatment. The antioxidant levels and activities of the ROS scavenging enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, were also increased by melatonin. These results suggest that the adverse effects of water stress can be minimized by the application of melatonin.
Efficient utilization of pesticides has presented various advantages in the ecological environment, food safety, and agricultural sustainability. Pesticide microcapsule could significantly improve ...the pesticide utilization ratio, and thus, we prepared a sustained‐release microcapsule from cellulose nanocrystal (CNCs) stabilized Pickering emulsion template. The NaCl was added to overcome the strong electrostatic repulsion among CNCs for forming a stable oil‐in‐water (O/W) CNCs‐based Pickering emulsion template, followed by crosslinking with hexamethylene diisocyanate on the interface. UV–vis and zeta‐potential were used to characterize the as‐prepared Pickering emulsion, and the stability and emulsion fraction were calculated. Results indicated that NaCl contributed to the stability of Pickering emulsion, even at a low concentration. The obtained CNCs‐based microcapsule was characterized by FT‐IR, XRD, SEM, TG‐DTG, and three‐phase contact angles. The microcapsule presented an encapsulation efficiency of 96.76% and sustained release of the imidacloprid for more than 82 h. Results indicated the potential for loading and sustained release of imidacloprid, which is beneficial to the environment, food, and agriculture.
FTO, an mRNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase, was reported to promote leukemogenesis. Using structure-based rational design, we have developed two promising FTO inhibitors, namely FB23 and ...FB23-2, which directly bind to FTO and selectively inhibit FTO's m6A demethylase activity. Mimicking FTO depletion, FB23-2 dramatically suppresses proliferation and promotes the differentiation/apoptosis of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line cells and primary blast AML cells in vitro. Moreover, FB23-2 significantly inhibits the progression of human AML cell lines and primary cells in xeno-transplanted mice. Collectively, our data suggest that FTO is a druggable target and that targeting FTO by small-molecule inhibitors holds potential to treat AML.
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•Structure-guided design and optimization yield potent FTO inhibitors•mRNA m6A acts as the major effector of the inhibitor/FTO axis in AML cells•FTO inhibitor FB23-2 displays therapeutic effects in PDX AML models•Targeting epitranscriptomic RNA methylation holds potential to treat AML
Huang et al. use structure-based rational design to develop FB23-2, an inhibitor of the mRNA m6A demethylase FTO. FB23-2 suppresses proliferation and promotes the differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and prolongs survival of patient-derived AML mouse models.
Academics researchers and “citizen scientists” from 22 countries confirmed that yellow mealworms, the larvae of Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, can survive by eating polystyrene (PS) foam. More detailed ...assessments of this capability for mealworms were carried out by12 sources: five from the USA, six from China, and one from Northern Ireland. All of these mealworms digested PS foam. PS mass decreased and depolymerization was observed, with appearance of lower molecular weight residuals and functional groups indicative of oxidative transformations in extracts from the frass (insect excrement). An addition of gentamycin (30 mg g−1), a bactericidal antibiotic, inhibited depolymerization, implicating the gut microbiome in the biodegradation process. Microbial community analyses demonstrated significant taxonomic shifts for mealworms fed diets of PS plus bran and PS alone. The results indicate that mealworms from diverse locations eat and metabolize PS and support the hypothesis that this capacity is independent of the geographic origin of the mealworms, and is likely ubiquitous to members of this species.
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•Consumption of polystyrene (PS) by mealworms observed in 22 countries.•PS degrades in mealworms obtained from 12 locations in the USA, UK and China.•Addition of nutrition enhances survival rate and PS consumption rate.•Antibiotics depresses gut microbes and severely inhibits PS degradation.•PS feeding shifts mealworm gut microbiome.
The ever-increasing understanding of the complexity of factors and regulatory layers that contribute to immune evasion facilitates the development of immunotherapies. However, the diversity of ...malignant tumors limits many known mechanisms in specific genetic and epigenetic contexts, manifesting the need to discover general driver genes. Here, we have identified the m
A demethylase FTO as an essential epitranscriptomic regulator utilized by tumors to escape immune surveillance through regulation of glycolytic metabolism. We show that FTO-mediated m
A demethylation in tumor cells elevates the transcription factors c-Jun, JunB, and C/EBPβ, which allows the rewiring of glycolytic metabolism. Fto knockdown impairs the glycolytic activity of tumor cells, which restores the function of CD8
T cells, thereby inhibiting tumor growth. Furthermore, we developed a small-molecule compound, Dac51, that can inhibit the activity of FTO, block FTO-mediated immune evasion, and synergize with checkpoint blockade for better tumor control, suggesting reprogramming RNA epitranscriptome as a potential strategy for immunotherapy.
Intracellular protein degradation is essential for the survival of all organisms, but its role in interspecies interaction is unknown. Here, we show that the ClpXP protease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ...suppresses its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a common pathogen co‐isolated with P. aeruginosa from polymicrobial human infections. Using proteomic, biochemical, and molecular genetic approaches, we found that this effect is due to the inhibitory effects of ClpXP on the quorum sensing (QS) of P. aeruginosa, mainly by degrading proteins (e.g., PhnA, PhnB, PqsR, and RhlI) which are critical for the production of QS signal molecules PQS and C4‐HSL. We provide evidence that co‐culturing with S. aureus induces a decrease in the activity of ClpXP in P. aeruginosa, an effect which was also achieved by the treatment of P. aeruginosa with N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), a widespread chemical present on the surface of diverse cell types from bacteria to humans. These findings extend the range of biological events governed by proteolytic machinery to microbial community structure, thus also suggesting that a chemical‐induced alteration of protein homeostasis is a mechanism for interspecies interactions.
In nature, bacteria often form complex communities where interactions between different species have important roles in shaping the overall behavior of the microbial community. Here, we show that GlcNAc‐induced inhibition of ClpXP causes an activation of the Pqs and Rhl quorum‐sensing systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, resulting in an increase in the antimicrobial activity of this important human pathogen. Thus, the chemical‐induced alteration of protein homeostasis may represent a new mechanism for interspecies interactions.
Summary
Despite some notable successes, only a fraction of the genetic variation available in wild relatives has been utilized to produce superior wheat varieties. This is as a direct result of the ...lack of availability of suitable high‐throughput technologies to detect wheat/wild relative introgressions when they occur. Here, we report on the use of a new SNP array to detect wheat/wild relative introgressions in backcross progenies derived from interspecific hexaploid wheat/Ambylopyrum muticum F1 hybrids. The array enabled the detection and characterization of 218 genomewide wheat/Am. muticum introgressions, that is a significant step change in the generation and detection of introgressions compared to previous work in the field. Furthermore, the frequency of introgressions detected was sufficiently high to enable the construction of seven linkage groups of the Am. muticum genome, thus enabling the syntenic relationship between the wild relative and hexaploid wheat to be determined. The importance of the genetic variation from Am. muticum introduced into wheat for the development of superior varieties is discussed.
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