This article applies the concept of policy paradigm and the work of Peter Hall to the analysis of policy change in Sub-Saharan Africa by analysing the implementation process of the Africa Mining ...Vision (AMV), adopted by the Heads of State of the African Union in 2009. To this end, it draws on the experiences of several West African countries. It suggests that we need to pay close attention to three factors that are too often neglected in the literature on paradigm shifts and policy change: (1) relationships between transnational and national actors, (2) asymmetrical power relations and (3) policy implementation.
L'accès, le contrôle et la mise en valeur des ressources naturelles au Canada et ailleurs dans le monde sont généralement étudiés par secteur (mines, terres agricoles), par niveau de gouvernance ou ...par aires géographiques. Ce numéro spécial propose des perspectives intersectorielles et interrégionales pour mieux comprendre les défis complexes des transformations contemporaines de ces processus, ainsi que leurs impacts sociaux et environnementaux. L'introduction présente l'approche par axes développée à partir d'études en Argentine, au Pérou, en Mongolie, au Mali, au Sénégal, au Vietnam, au Laos et en Indonésie qui mettent en lumière les dynamiques spatiales, juridiques, et les jeux de pouvoir et des acteurs.
This article argues that certain aspects of the institutional reforms which seek to achieve good governance, by treating political institutions and processes as manageable and essentially technical ...issues, seems instead to have contributed to the narrowing of political space and to the informalisation of politics. The argument is illustrated with reference to the recent experience of political transition in Côte d'Ivoire. The text analyses the compatibility between the institutional reforms introduced at the recommendation of the Bretton Woods institutions and the economic austerity which has resulted from recent decisions on the one hand, and on the other, the conditions necessary for the broadening of political space - the very issue on which depends the success of the transition itself. On the basis of the several observable current trends, the article concludes by raising the possibility that the transition may well result not only in the mere prolonging of past modes of political and economic regulation, but also in a gradual shifting away from a liberal pluralist model based on a participatory and inclusive ideal of politics, to an authoritarian one based on a technocratic ideal, likely to give rise to strategies of division and exclusion.
L'adoption de la Vision minière pour l'Afrique (VMA) en 2009 par l'Union africaine et le processus de révision des codes miniers entamé par la plupart des pays africains suggèrent des changements ...majeurs dans les orientations des politiques publiques nationales. Cet article analyse les transformations récentes des cadres règlementaires miniers au Sénégal et au Mali et leur alignement avec la VMA dans la transformation locale du minerai, l'encadrement environnemental et le soutien à l'exploitation artisanale. En se focalisant sur les transformations des cadres règlementaires dans ces trois domaines, cet article révèle également les enjeux qui accompagnent leur mise en œuvre.
Sirolimus is increasingly used in transplantation for prevention and treatment of graft-versus-host disease and organ rejection. Voriconazole is contraindicated when used concomitantly with sirolimus ...because of a substantial increase in sirolimus drug exposure with unadjusted dosing, but voriconazole is also considered the best initial treatment of invasive aspergillosis and other fungal infections. Patients who received voriconazole and sirolimus concomitantly were identified by a review of the medical records of all allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell recipients at our institution from September 1, 2002, to June 1, 2005. Data including baseline characteristics, indications for both drugs, and potential adverse effects were evaluated. Eleven patients received voriconazole and sirolimus concomitantly for a median of 33 days (range, 3-100 days). In 8 patients whose sirolimus dose was initially reduced by 90%, trough sirolimus levels were similar to those obtained before the administration of voriconazole; no obvious significant toxicity from either drug was observed during coadministration. Serious adverse events were observed in 2 patients in whom sirolimus dosing was not adjusted during voriconazole administration. Sirolimus and voriconazole may be safely coadministered if there is an empiric initial 90% sirolimus dose reduction combined with systematic monitoring of trough levels.
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