Method
Two hundred Hispanic emerging adults from Arizona (n = 99) and Florida (n = 101) completed a cross‐sectional survey, and data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression and ...moderation analyses.
Results
Higher social media discrimination was associated with higher symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety. Moderation analyses indicated that higher social media discrimination was only associated with symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety among men, but not women.
Conclusion
This is likely the first study on social media discrimination and mental health among emerging adults; thus, expanding this emerging field of research to a distinct developmental period.
Objectives: This study explored whether cultural identity predicts health lifestyle behaviors. Method: Participants included 302 recently immigrated (<5 years in the U.S.) Latinx adolescents (53% ...boys; mean age 14.51 years at baseline) from Miami and Los Angeles. Participants completed cultural identity measures at baseline and 1-year post baseline. A path analysis was used to estimate associations between cultural identities (ethnic, national, and bicultural) and health lifestyle behaviors (physical activity, diet, and sleep hygiene). Results: Ethnic identity positively predicted diet. Results also indicated a significant interaction between ethnic and national identity on sleep hygiene. Specifically, when national identity was high (+1 SD), ethnic identity positively predicted sleep hygiene. Conclusion: This study focuses on health lifestyle behaviors such as physical activity, diet, and sleep hygiene in this population. Results highlight the need to explore the protective nature of cultural identity retention in relation to health lifestyle behaviors in Latinx adolescents.
Although there is a substantial body of work focusing on the processes underlying cultural identity in general, less is known regarding how these processes might operate within the context of Latinx ...families. Moreover, among the limited research that has included the adolescent and caregiver cultural identity, most of the research has primarily focused on how caregivers influence their adolescent’s cultural identity. In the present study, the directional pathways between recently immigrated adolescents’ and caregivers’ ethnic and U.S. identity belonging were examined using data from a longitudinal study of acculturation and identity development among recently arrived Latinx immigrant families. The sample consisted of 302 primary caregivers (
M
age
= 41.09,
SD
= 7.13 at baseline; 67.5% mothers) and their adolescents (
M
age
= 14.51,
SD
= 0.88 at baseline; 46.7% female). The results indicated that caregivers’ ethnic identity belonging significantly predicted adolescents’ ethnic identity belonging over time. At the same time, adolescents’ ethnic identity negatively predicted caregivers’ ethnic identity belonging over time, whereas adolescents’ U.S. identity belonging positively predicted caregivers’ later ethnic identity belonging. The findings indicate that immigrant caregivers may retain their native culture to direct and respond to their children’s changing cultural identifications.
Stream power represents the rate of energy expenditure along a stream reach and can be calculated using topographic data acquired via structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry and terrestrial laser ...scanning (TLS). This study sought to quantitatively relate morphological adjustments in the Azohía Rambla, a gravel-bed ephemeral stream in southeastern Spain, to stream power (ω), critical power (ωc), and energy gradients (∂ω/∂s), along different reference channel reaches of 200 to 300 m in length. High-resolution digital terrain models (HRDTMs), combined with ortophotographs and point clouds from 2018, 2019, and 2020, and ground-based surveys, were used to estimate the spatial variability of morphological sediment budgets and to assess channel bed mobility during the study period at different spatial scales: reference channel reaches (RCRs), pilot bed survey areas (PBSAs), and representative geomorphic units (RGUs). The optimized complementary role of the SfM technique and terrestrial laser scanning allowed the generation of accurate and reliable HRDTMs, upon which a 1-D hydrodynamic model was calibrated and sediment budgets calculated. The resulting high-resolution maps allowed a spatially explicit analysis of stream power and transport efficiency in relation to volumes of erosion and deposition in the RCR and PBSA. In addition, net incision or downcutting and vertical sedimentary accretion were monitored for each flood event in relation to bedforms and hydraulic variables. Sediment sources and sinks and bed armoring processes showed different trends according to the critical energy and stream power gradient, which were verified from field observations. During flows exceeding bankfull discharges (between 18 and 24 m3 s−1 according to channel reach), significant variations in ∂ω/∂s values and ω/ωc ratios (e.g., −15 < ∂ω/∂s < 15 Wm−3; ω/ωc > 2 for a peak discharge of 31 m3 s−1) were associated with a large amount of bedload mobilized upstream and vertical accretion along the middle reach (average rise height of 0.20 to 0.35 m for the same event). By contrast, more moderate peak flows (≤10 m3 s−1) only produced minor changes resulting in surface washing, selective transport, and local bed scouring.
Objective
The present study introduces a daily, micro‐level perspective on acculturation using a sample of Hispanic college students in Miami.
Methods
We conducted a 12‐day diary study with a sample ...of first‐ and second‐generation Hispanic college students in Miami. Outcome variables were measured on Days 1 and 12, and acculturation components (practices, identities, and values) were measured on Days 2–11. Daily fluctuations in acculturation components between Days 2 and 11 were examined as predictors of well‐being, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing problems on Day 12.
Results
Fluctuations in comfort with speaking English negatively predicted three of the four well‐being outcomes and positively predicted all of the internalizing and externalizing indicators. Fluctuations in collectivist values predicted two of the well‐being outcomes and both anxiety and depressive symptoms, and fluctuations in ethnic identity predicted anxiety and depressive symptoms.
Conclusion
Daily volatility in comfort with English, collectivist values, and ethnic identity appear to be most distressing.
This article inquires into the validity of the hypothesis on which prison sentences are formally based in Spain, according to Article 25.2 of Spanish Constitution: reeducation and social ...reintegration of the convicted person. For this purpose, we have analyzed the current state of prison “morals” in five penitentiary facilities located in the south of Spain through a representative sample of prisoners. They have answered a questionnaire that includes, among others, some questions connected with the following two issues: (a) their relationship with prison staff, and (b) the prison environment as related to the effectiveness of their treatment in terms of their reintegration into society. This investigation will also allow to detect possible differences in the quality of prison life in the five penitentiaries analyzed.
•Neither acculturation orientation had a main effect with alcohol use severity.•Higher social groundedness was associated with lower alcohol use severity.•Study site moderated the association between ...the U.S. orientation and alcohol use severity.•Hispanic orientation moderated association between social groundedness and alcohol use severity.
This study aimed to (1) examine respective associations of acculturation orientations (e.g., U.S. orientation and Hispanic orientation) and domains (e.g., social groundedness and role repertoire) of bicultural self-efficacy, the perceived confidence to function effectively within the receiving culture and the heritage culture, with alcohol use severity among Hispanic emerging adults. This study also aimed to (2) examine potential moderating factors of respective associations among acculturation orientations and bicultural self-efficacy with alcohol use severity.
200 Hispanic emerging adults from Arizona (n = 99) and Florida (n = 101) completed a cross-sectional survey. Inclusion criteria were being ages 18–25, self-identify as Hispanic or Latina/o, and currently living in Maricopa County or Miami-Dade County. Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression and moderation analyses.
Findings indicate that neither of the acculturation orientations nor role repertoire had main effects with alcohol use severity. However, higher social groundedness was associated with lower alcohol use severity. Moderation analyses indicate that the interaction between the U.S. orientation and study site and the interaction between the Hispanic orientation and social groundedness were statistically significant in relation to alcohol use severity.
Considering that the U.S. orientation was associated with alcohol use severity only in Arizona highlights the need for multisite studies on acculturation. Our findings demonstrate that other sociocultural processes such as acculturation can impact bicultural self-efficacy; and that the association between bicultural self-efficacy and alcohol merits further investigation. However, more thorough assessments of bicultural self-efficacy are needed to better understand its effects on alcohol.
Introduction: Emerging adulthood is a distinct and challenging developmental stage of life. It may be particularly stressful for Hispanic emerging adults due to various cultural stressors. However, ...there is little research on the impact of one particular cultural stressor, the acculturation gap. Therefore, this study aims to examine whether acculturation gap conflicts are associated with self-rated health. Method: Participants were recruited in Arizona and Florida, and 200 Hispanic emerging adults (ages 18-25) completed a cross-sectional survey. Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. Results: Coefficients from a hierarchical multiple regression model indicated that higher levels of acculturation gap conflicts were associated with lower self-rated health after controlling for psychological stress and other demographic variables. Discussion: This is the first study on acculturation gap conflicts and self-rated health among Hispanics. Findings from this study indicate that acculturation gap conflicts are associated with self-rated health and merit further investigation as they may have implications for health interventions targeting Hispanics.
Public Significance Statement
Self-rated health is a valid and reliable predictor of objective health status among Hispanics; however, it is rarely examined among emerging adults. This study highlights that higher levels of acculturation gap conflicts, conceptualized as a sociocultural stressor, are associated with poorer self-rated health among Hispanic emerging adults.
There is a well-established relation between depression and smoking in the general population. However, past work focused on Latinx persons who smoke in relation to depressed affect has yielded ...inconsistent findings. The present investigation aimed to build on past research and evaluate differences among English-speaking Latinx adults who smoke combustible cigarettes with and without probable depression in terms of cigarette dependence, perceived barriers for quitting, severity of problems when quitting, and smoking abstinence expectancies. The current sample included 338 adult Latinx daily cigarette smokers (
= 35.53 years;
= 8.65; age range 18-61; 37.3% female) that were recruited nationally throughout the US. Results indicated that among Latinx persons who smoke, those with probable depression (compared to those without) demonstrated higher levels of cigarette dependence, more severe problems when trying to quit, greater perceived barriers for quitting, and increased negative abstinence expectancies after adjusting for sociodemographic and concurrent substance use variables. Future work could build from this research to elucidate the role of depression in the maintenance and relapse of smoking among the Latinx population.
Objective: Despite the widespread availability of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in the US, rates of vaccination among Hispanic adolescents lag behind those of other recommended vaccines. ...Understanding what happens during the HPV vaccination visit should provide important insight into communication between health care providers and Hispanic mothers and identifies areas where communication can be improved. As such, this qualitative study explored Hispanic mothers' experiences during their adolescent child's HPV vaccination visit.
Design: Fifty-one participants completed individual interviews. Transcripts were analyzed using a conventional content analysis approach to identify emergent categories or themes.
Results: We identified three features of the HPV vaccination visit including: the primary reason for the visit, the type of counseling the mother received about the vaccine and the type of HPV vaccine recommendation received. Most mothers reported that their child was vaccinated against HPV at a routine well-child visit. Some mothers reported that they received in-depth counseling about the vaccine, while others received brief or no counseling from the provider. Mothers also reported receiving either a strong recommendation to vaccinate, a recommendation to vaccinate that emphasized her choice, or no recommendation to vaccinate.
Conclusion: Most Hispanic mothers report that they received counseling and a recommendation from their adolescent child's health care provider before vaccinating. However, most of the mothers first heard about the HPV vaccine at the vaccination visit. Mothers who had previously heard about the vaccine outside of the clinic, reported making an appointment specifically for their child to be vaccinated against HPV. Together, these findings indicate a need to raise awareness of the vaccine and to promote HPV vaccination more strongly in this population. Education efforts should target mothers in community settings, in addition to clinic settings in order to increase awareness and vaccination in this population.
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