•The nonlocal AB-KP system are discussed, and solutions for the PT symmetry system are presented.•Abundant solutions are discussed for various transformation function f, which are different from ...common KP system.•A single soliton, breather, lump and the interaction between lump and a pair of stripe solitons are obtained.
The common Kadomtsev-Petviashivili (KP) system coupled with parity-time symmetry is studied. The bilinear form is introduced to the Alice-Bob Kadomtsev-Petviashivili(AB-KP) system with additional arbitrary constant a. The abundant solutions are discussed for various transformation function f, which are different from common KP system. As a result, a single soliton dependent on parameter a, breather, lump and the interaction between lump and a pair of stripe solitons are obtained. By choosing special parameters, the evolution plots of some breather and lump solutions are illustrated.
The refractive index sensing characteristics of the side-polished photonic crystal fiber (PCF) surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor are detailed investigated in this paper. We used the finite ...element method (FEM) to study the influences of the side-polished depth, air hole size, lattice constant, and the refractive index (RI) of the PCF material on sensing performance. The simulation results show that the side-polished depth, air hole size, lattice pitch have significant influence on the coupling strength between core mode and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), but have little influence on sensitivity; the coupling strength and sensitivity will significant increase with the decrease of RI of the PCF material. The sensitivity of the D-shaped PCF sensor is obtained to be as high as 21700 nm/RIU in the refractive index environment of 1.33-1.34, when the RI of the PCF material is controlled at 1.36. It revealed a new method of making ultra-high sensitivity SPR fiber sensor. Then we experimental demonstrated a SPR refractive sensor based on the side-polished single mode PCF and investigated the sensing performance. The experimental results of the plasmon resonance wavelength sensitivity agree well with the theoretical results. The presented gold-coated D-shaped PCF SPR sensor could be used as a simple, cost-effective, high sensitivity device in bio-chemical detection.
A series of phosphate-modified Konjac was synthesized by esterification of natural polysaccharide Konjac, and comparative studies were conducted to examine the flocculation efficiency and ...biodegradability for the modified and unmodified products. It is found that both modified derivatives and the unmodified parent show flocculation ability and biodegradability. However, within the polymer concentration studied, the higher the phosphoric content, the better the flocculation efficiency is, and the modified analogues show superior biodegradability to that of the parent polymer. The degradation mechanism was confirmed by IR spectrum that the P–O–P bond was cut during the aging process at 30
°C.
•Investigating the pore distribution of RAC and ARAC during freeze–thaw cycles.•Revealing the relationship between flexural strength and pore distribution of recycled concretes.•Establishing the ...relationship between the crack proportion of ARAC and freeze–thaw cycles.
Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is a type of multiphase porous material. Its aggregate, admixture, and environment have a crucial impact on its pore structure. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), a nondestructive testing method, was adopted to demonstrate the process of air-entrained recycled coarse aggregate concrete (ARAC) and non-ARAC microstructural damage in a freeze–thaw environment. NMR outcomes showed that the addition of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) has a certain effect on the distribution of different pores and porous quality of the concrete. Pore structure of recycled concrete with a replacement rate of 25% and 50% was similar. Proportion of macropores and cracks increases significantly when the replacement rate is greater than 75%. The proportion of mesopores (radius of 0.01–0.05 μm) and macropores (radius of 0.05–1 μm) in concrete increased by 13.31%–21.44% and frost resistance of concrete improved with the incorporation of air-entraining admixture (AEA). Proportions of macropores and cracks (radii larger than 1 μm) in the concrete increased while the proportion of micropores (radii less than 0.01 μm) and mesopores decreased and T2 spectral area of concrete gradually increased and moved to the right with increasing freeze–thaw cycles. Moreover, the change of crack proportion of ARAC with freeze–thaw cycles is in accordance with the distribution law of second–order polynomial. Notably, changes in the above microstructure were reflected in macroscopic flexural strength. The flexural strength of recycled concrete was remarkably affected by the total proportion of mesopores and macropores. The flexural strength of recycled concrete was high when the total proportion of mesopores and macropores was between 55% and 74%. The decrease in flexural strength of recycled concrete with increasing freeze–thaw cycles was consistent with the change of crack proportion.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are activated by microbial structures. To investigate the mechanisms of TLR activation, the 10 human TLRs were expressed as chimeras with the integrin αv and β5 subunits. ...Co-expression of the αv-TLR and β5-TLR chimeras in 293T cells generated 10 TLR homodimers, but only TLR4/4 could effectively activate NF-κB. TLR4 monomers also activated NF-κB but it was enhanced upon homodimerization. The TLR homodimers showed differential surface/intracellular expression. In TLR heterodimers, only TLR2/1 and TLR2/6 were potent in NF-κB activation. NF-κB activation by TLR2/1, TLR2/6 and the TLR4 monomer, but not TLR4/4, was completely inhibited by dominant negative MyD88, suggesting that TLR4 homodimers and monomers could activate NF-κB through different mechanisms.
The residential type nursing home, as a main kind of the elderly facilities in Japan, is popular for the elderly because of its relative lower fee and less limitation. And the residential type ...nursing home has its own relative stable and mature system after decades of development, so it is significative to provide inference value for others countries, especially the countries that are beginning to the age. For certain, different kinds of the elderly facilities have different configuration conditions depend on the different requirements of the elderly. Therefore, it is important to be considered clearly that what interior configurations the residential type nursing home should have, and how to arrange the interior spaces, can satisfy the living requirement of the elderly who live in. Because previous study has explored the spatial composition of the nursing home, this paper is mainly aimed to exploring and analysing the spatial position relationship of the main spaces in the nursing home to realize more that how to arrange the spaces in nursing home more reasonably, so as to provide suggestions and directions for the designs of nursing homes in the future.
The covariance matrix reconstruction based robust adaptive beamforming (RAB) methods overcome the performance degradation due to the imprecise knowledge of the steering vector and the covariance ...matrix. However, high complexity limits the application of them. In this paper, we proposed a new RAB method based on interference plus noise covariance (INC) matrix reconstruction and desired signal steering vector estimation. In this method, nominal interference steering vectors are estimated by the Capon spatial spectrum, as well as noise power. Subsequently, the iterative mismatch approximation algorithm based on maximizing the beamformer output power is proposed to estimate all the incident signal steering vectors and powers, and the INC matrix is reconstructed. Finally, the beamformer is determined by the estimated INC matrix and desired signal steering vector. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method obtains better performance than other existed methods at both the high signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the complexity.
From the known Lax pair of the Gardner equation, the Lie symmetry group method is successfully applied to find exact invariant solutions for the Gardner equation with nonlocal symmetries by ...introducing suitable auxiliary dependent variables. Based on the prolonged system, the explicit analytic solutions related to the Jacobi elliptic functions are derived. Figures illustrate the interaction between the cnoidal waves and a kink wave.
In this article, an effective method combining electromagnetic topology (EMT) and matrix pencil method (MPM) for the fast evaluation of the lightning-induced voltages on the overhead transmission ...line (TL) is proposed. First, the EMT of the TL network is established based on the structure characteristic of the TL network and the scattering hypermatrix is constructed according the information of the junctions and terminal loads. Then, the piecewise sampling is performed for the spectrum of lightning signal, and the calculation of the lightning electromagnetic fields (LEMFs) of all observation points along the TL at the sampling frequency point is accomplished. Next, the supervector of the excitation source is constructed to realize the generation of the Baum-Liu-Tesche matrix equation, and the results of the lightning-induced voltages of all junctions on the TL network at the sampling frequencies are obtained. Finally, the lightning-induced voltages at all frequencies are obtained by using MPM to fit the sampled results, and the time-domain results can be generated by inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). In the proposed method, the LEMFs above the lossy ground are solved by the C-R formula and those below the lossy ground are calculated by the Cooray formula. Moreover, the feasibility of using EMT to analyze the lightning-induced voltages of the junctions on the TL network and adopting MPM to fit the sampled values of the lightning-induced voltages is verified. The correctness and efficiency of the proposed method are validated and proved by several numerical examples.
PDF
