Interdisciplinary research has attracted extensive attention from researchers and policymakers by its nature of integrating various types of knowledge from multiple disciplines to solve complex ...scientific problems. Besides the studies on citation-based interdisciplinary knowledge flow, recent efforts have been made to demystify the characteristics of knowledge integration in interdisciplinary research from a knowledge content perspective. To deeply understand the knowledge content integrated into interdisciplinary research, two tasks were formulated in this study. One was to identify the knowledge units integrated by an interdisciplinary field, which are defined as integrated knowledge phrases (IKPs) shared between citances and cited texts of the references. The other was to classify the identified IKPs into several knowledge categories, which could reflect their knowledge functions in the field. We proposed a methodology framework to automate the identification and classification of IKPs by using natural language processing techniques and deep learning models. This automatic methodology was tested on an eHealth dataset. The experiments showed that the baseline matching method and the word embedding based similarity matching method are effective for the identification task, and the Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers (BERT) model using section titles and citances as input features achieved the best performance on the classification task, with an accuracy of 0.951. We further showcased the application of IKPs in the case study with expanded literature of eHealth. The two tasks were operated on the new dataset, then co-occurrence networks of IKPs were constructed and mapped to visualize the knowledge integration structure of the field. This study provides a feasible content-based methodology to foster the fine-grained understanding of the knowledge integration structure of an interdisciplinary field, which could become a general domain analysis method.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a worldwide autoimmune disease with high heritability, shows differences in prevalence, severity and age of onset among different ancestral groups. Previous ...genetic studies have focused more on European populations, which appear to be the least affected. Consequently, the genetic variations that underlie the commonalities, differences and treatment options in SLE among ancestral groups have not been well elucidated. To address this, we undertake a genome-wide association study, increasing the sample size of Chinese populations to the level of existing European studies. Thirty-eight novel SLE-associated loci and incomplete sharing of genetic architecture are identified. In addition to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, nine disease loci show clear ancestral differences and implicate antibody production as a potential mechanism for differences in disease manifestation. Polygenic risk scores perform significantly better when trained on ancestry-matched data sets. These analyses help to reveal the genetic basis for disparities in SLE among ancestral groups.
Exosomes are microvesicles secreted by cells. They contain a variety of bioactive substances with important roles in intercellular communication. Circular RNA (circRNA), a type of nucleic acid ...molecule found in exosomes, forms a covalently bonded closed loop without 5' caps or 3' poly(A) tails. It is structurally stable, widely distributed, and tissue specific. CircRNAs mainly act as microRNA sponges and have important regulatory roles in gene expression; they are superior to other non-coding RNAs as molecular diagnostic markers and drug treatment targets. Exosomal-derived circRNAs in the body fluids of tumor patients can modulate tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. They can be used as effective biomarkers for early non-invasive diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of tumors, and also represent ideal targets for early precision therapeutic intervention. This review provides a theoretical basis for exploring the applications of exosomal circRNAs in malignant tumor diagnosis and treatment. We describe the biological functions of exosomal circRNAs in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors, their potential utility in diagnosis and treatment, and possible mechanisms.
This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of digital dental impressions obtained by intraoral scanning (IOS) for partial edentulous patients with maxillary defects by comparing them with conventional ...impression techniques. Ten subjects underwent an experimental procedure where three ceramic blocks were affixed to the healthy palate mucosa. Digital dental impressions were captured using IOS and subsequently imported into software. Conventional impressions obtained by silicone rubber were also taken and scanned. Linear distance and best-fit algorithm measurements were performed using conventional impression techniques as the reference. Twenty impressions were analyzed, which included 30 pairs of linear distances and 10 best-fit algorithm measurements. Regarding linear distance, paired two-sample t-test demonstrated no significant differences between IOS and model scanning in groups A and C, whereas significant differences were found in group B (P < 0.05). Additionally, ANOVA revealed significant differences among the groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found for the best-fit algorithm measurement of the dentition. IOS can provide accurate impressions for partial edentulous patients with maxillary defects and its accuracy was found to be comparable with conventional impression techniques. A functional impression may be needed to ensure accurate reproduction of soft and hard tissues in defect or flap areas.
Pediatric-onset colitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have significant effects on the growth of infants and children, but the etiopathogenesis underlying disease subtypes remains incompletely ...understood. Here, we report single-cell clustering, immune phenotyping, and risk gene analysis for children with undifferentiated colitis, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis. We demonstrate disease-specific characteristics, as well as common pathogenesis marked by impaired cyclic AMP (cAMP)-response signaling. Specifically, infiltration of PDE4B- and TNF-expressing macrophages, decreased abundance of CD39-expressing intraepithelial T cells, and platelet aggregation and release of 5-hydroxytryptamine at the colonic mucosae were common in colitis and IBD patients. Targeting these pathways by using the phosphodiesterase inhibitor dipyridamole restored immune homeostasis and improved colitis symptoms in a pilot study. In summary, comprehensive analysis of the colonic mucosae has uncovered common pathogenesis and therapeutic targets for children with colitis and IBD.
Display omitted
•Defective cAMP response underlies mucosal immune defects in pediatric colitis or IBD•Platelets are activated at colonic mucosae in pediatric colitis or IBD•Dipyridamole promoted mucosal healing in nine children with colitis in a pilot study•Candidate risk genes are differentially enriched in mucosal cellular subsets
Single-cell and risk gene analysis of children with undifferentiated colitis, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis identifies common underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis and reveals the potential therapeutic benefit of modulating cAMP signaling via the drug dipyridamole.
•Knowledge memes that are a special type of knowledge units are identified.•Diffusion cascade is applied to model the diffusion process of knowledge memes.•Knowledge relationships among disciplines ...measured by knowledge memes are different from those measured by citations.•Preferential attachment takes effect in cross-disciplinary knowledge meme diffusion.•Patterns of cross-disciplinary knowledge memes are disclosed.
Knowledge flow between disciplines is typically measured through citations among publications. In this study, we quantify cross-disciplinary knowledge diffusion from the novel perspective of content by introducing knowledge memes, a special type of knowledge unit. Diffusion cascade is proposed to model the diffusion process of knowledge memes. By taking Medical Informatics (MI) as an exemplary interdisciplinary discipline, we measure the knowledge relationships between it and four related disciplines. The diffusion patterns of cross-disciplinary memes are also identified by analyzing the network structure of the diffusion cascade. The results present the knowledge relationships among disciplines measured by knowledge memes, which are different from those measured by citations. It is shown that preferential attachment takes effect in cross-disciplinary knowledge meme diffusion. In addition, cross-disciplinary knowledge memes generally originate earlier and have higher impact than the memes of MI. This study provides insights into new approaches to quantifying knowledge relationships among disciplines and furthers the understanding of content diffusion mechanisms through measurable knowledge units.
Ground-based microwave radiometer (GMWR) data with high spatial and temporal resolution can improve the accuracy of weather forecasts when effectively assimilated into numerical weather prediction. ...Nowadays, the major method to assimilate these data is via indirect assimilation by assimilating the retrieved profiles, which introduces large retrieval errors and cannot easily be represented by an error covariance matrix. Direct assimilation, on the other hand, can avoid this issue. In this study, the ground-based version of the Radiative Transfer for the TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (RTTOV-gb) was selected as the observation operator, and a direct assimilation module for GMWR radiance data was established in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model Data Assimilation (WRFDA). Then, this direct assimilation module was applied to assimilate GMWR data. The results were compared to the indirect assimilation experiment and demonstrated that direct assimilation can more effectively improve the model’s initial fields in terms of temperature and humidity than indirect assimilation while avoiding the influence of retrieval errors. In addition, direct assimilation performed better in the precipitation forecast than indirect assimilation, making the main precipitation center closer to the observation. In particular, the improvement in the precipitation forecast with a threshold of 60 mm/6 h was obvious, and the corresponding TS score was significantly enhanced.
Background. The measurement and analysis of clinical crowns play a crucial role in stomatology, anthropology, and studies of genetic and environmental variables in oral and maxillofacial development. ...Purpose. The objective of the present study was to measure the parameters of clinical crowns of permanent dentition in youth of Han nationality using intraoral scanning and identify potential influencing factors. Materials and Methods. A total of 100 subjects (50 males and 50 females) of Han nationality aged 18–24 with normal occlusion were selected. An intraoral scanner was used to obtain the digital dental impressions, and Materialise Magics 21 software was used to measure the mesiodistal diameter (MDD), buccolingual diameter (BLD), height, mesiodistal angle (MDA), and vestibulo-oral angle (VOA) of clinical crowns. The central height was calculated based on the height of clinical crowns. SPSS 27.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The two-independent-samplet-test was used to assess discrepancies in clinical crowns between males and females. The paired t-test was used to determine differences between antimetric pairs of clinical crowns within the same arch. The repeatability of intraoral scanning was tested using the paired t-test between two measurements at one-month intervals. The overall estimated effect was considered significant where P < 0.05. Results. The MDD, BLD, height, MDA, and VOA of clinical crowns in the youth of Han nationality were measured, and the central height was calculated. No significant difference was found in terms of MDA and VOA between genders and antimetric pairs within the same arch. Regarding the distance parameters, the MDD, BLD, and height of clinical crowns in males were significantly larger than those in females (MDD: U1, U3, U7, L2, L3, L6, and L7: P<0.01; BLD: U1: P=0.02; U3–U7 and L1–L7: P<0.01; height: U2: P=0.03; and U1, U3–U7, and L3–L7: P<0.01). No significant difference was found in clinical crowns between antimetric pairs within the same arch. Intraoral scanning demonstrated good repeatability in the measurement of clinical crowns. Conclusions. Apart from MDA and VOA, the parameters of clinical crowns in males were significantly larger than in females. Antimetric pairs of clinical crowns within the same arch demonstrated similar tooth dimensions. In future clinical practice and scientific research in the oral and maxillofacial region, a comprehensive design of sexual and ethnic characteristics should be considered.
In neurons, the continuous and dynamic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network extends throughout the axon, and its dysfunction causes various axonopathies. However, it remains largely unknown how ER ...integrity and remodeling modulate presynaptic function in mammalian neurons. Here, we demonstrated that ER membrane receptors VAPA and VAPB are involved in modulating the synaptic vesicle (SV) cycle. VAP interacts with secernin‐1 (SCRN1) at the ER membrane via a single FFAT‐like motif. Similar to VAP, loss of SCRN1 or SCRN1‐VAP interactions resulted in impaired SV cycling. Consistently, SCRN1 or VAP depletion was accompanied by decreased action potential‐evoked Ca2+ responses. Additionally, we found that VAP‐SCRN1 interactions play an important role in maintaining ER continuity and dynamics, as well as presynaptic Ca2+ homeostasis. Based on these findings, we propose a model where the ER‐localized VAP‐SCRN1 interactions provide a novel control mechanism to tune ER remodeling and thereby modulate Ca2+ dynamics and SV cycling at presynaptic sites. These data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling ER structure and dynamics, and highlight the relevance of ER function for SV cycling.
Synopsis
This study describes a novel control mechanism, mediated by VAP and SCRN1, to tune ER integrity and remodeling. The ER‐localized VAP‐SCRN1 interactions are required to preserve Ca2+ homeostasis and synaptic vesicle cycling at presynaptic sites.
VAP and VAP‐associated protein SCRN1 are engaged in modulating SV cycling.
VAPA and VAPB interact with SCRN1 at the ER membrane through a single FFAT‐like motif.
VAP or SCRN1 depletion reduces action‐potential evoked Ca2+ responses.
VAP‐SCRN1 interactions modulate ER continuity and dynamics, presynaptic Ca2+ homeostasis, and SV cycling.
The ER membrane receptors VAPA/VAPB modulate ER integrity and remodeling through interactions with Secernin‐1, thereby regulating calcium homeostasis and synaptic vesicle cycling.
Due to the intermittent and uncontrollable nature of wind resources and inflexible operation of conventional generation units, they present challenges for the power system to integrate more wind ...power. With its unique flexibility on the demand side, the data center can be considered as an effective solution to relieve wind curtailment. Moreover, with the help of waste heat recovery module, the data center can reduce the utilization of conventional thermal units especially in the residential heating sector which increases the flexibility of system operation and facilitates more renewable integration. In this paper, a flexible workload management and resource scheduling model are proposed to achieve a multi-energy co-optimization for data center and enhance the integration of wind power. A two-stage stochastic programming model is formulated to address the uncertainties involved in this process. The proposed model is examined by a simulative data center microgrid and the numerical results demonstrate its effectiveness and robustness.
PDF
