Stable isotope ratios of C and N in the bone tissue of three different skeletal elements (angular, cleithrum and vertebra) of three fish species from different evolutionary lineages (Clupeiformes, ...Atheriniformes and Notothenioidei) were determined before (δ13Cbulk and δ15Nbulk) and after demineralization and delipidation (δ13Cdml and δ15Ndml). One of the species had cellular bone and the other two had acellular bone. Results revealed that δ15N and δ13C values from different skeletal elements were interchangeable in species with acellular bone, but caution was needed in species with cellular bone, as δ15N values varied among skeletal elements. Furthermore, δ15Nbulk values were significantly lower than δ15Ndml values in the three species, thus suggesting that they are not comparable. This difference is probably because δ15Nbulk refers to total bone protein and δ15Ndml to collagen only.
Herein, the geometric similitude concept is applied to propose a cubic equation that relates surface tension, saturation pressure, and temperature for
-alkanes. The input properties for each fluid ...are the molecular mass, pressure, temperature, and compressibility factor at the critical point. The model is applied to temperatures below 0.93·
(critical point temperature). A total of 2429 surface tension values have been selected for 32
-alkanes. The parameters of the model have been obtained with a fit of the surface tension values for 19 pure
-alkanes that are randomly chosen. Then, it is tested for the other 13 pure
-alkanes and used to predict the surface tension for 11 binary and 4 ternary mixtures. These predictions are compared with the reported experimental data. For pure
-alkanes, the overall absolute average deviation is 2.4%, including the correlation and testing sets. No additional adjustable coefficients are used for mixtures, yielding an overall absolute average deviation of 2.98% for the binary systems and 7.97% for the ternary ones. The results show that the model is accurate enough for predictions and that the highest deviations are due to the lack of agreement in the values of surface tension of pure fluids obtained from different sources.
Individual specialization can be an advantageous strategy that increases predation success and diminishes intra-population competition. However, trophic specialization can be a handicap in changing ...environments if the individuals are unable to use different prey or feeding grounds in response to change. Southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina allow us to explore this trade-off as they migrate, returning to haul out on land, for 2 extended periods, to breed and to moult. They fast during both periods, but the energetic cost is higher during the breeding season, leading to a poorer body condition after the breeding fast than after the moulting fast. We analysed the carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic composition of skin and fur samples from Falkland Islands elephant seals. The isotopic values provided information about the foraging strategy of the seals during the pre-breeding season and pre-moulting season, respectively. We assessed individual specialization as the variation between periods of an individual with respect to the variability of the whole population. The high specialization and the correlation between periods suggest that each animal feeds in a similar region and on similar prey during both feeding migrations. The comparison with data from other populations and particulate organic matter suggests that the Falkland Islands elephant seals fed both on the Patagonian Continental Shelf and in the Southern Ocean. The high specialization among individuals within this species could potentially limit the individual capacity of adaptation in the face of changing conditions or leave those abilities to the few generalist individuals.
This retrospective study aimed to identify which patient-, donor tooth–, recipient site–, and surgical procedure–related variables may influence the outcome of tooth autotransplantation.
The sample ...included 128 autotransplants performed in 122 patients. Single-visit clinical/imaging examinations were used to define the outcome as successful, survival, or failure. The association of potential indicators with the survival or failure categories was analyzed individually and adjusted for confounders through multivariate logistic regression models.
After a follow-up period of 1 to 30.11 years, success was achieved in 71.8% of autotransplants, whereas the survival and failure groups had rates of 14.1% each, and the grouped success/survival rate reached 85.9%. An extraoral time >15 minutes and difficult handling/placement were strong/independent risk covariates for survival and failure categories (odds ratio >1, P < .05). Additionally, unerupted/partially erupted status of the donor tooth was a significant indicator for survival, whereas deficient bone level at the recipient site, surgical extraction, poor initial stability, and lack of prophylactic antibiotics were independently linked to failure (odds ratio > 1, P < .05). The root morphology and socket status acted as modifiers of the effect of the recipient site location on the survival group (P > .05).
Based on the results of this study, unerupted/partially erupted status of the donor tooth, surgical extraction, total extraoral time >15 minutes, deficient recipient’s bone level, difficult handling/placement of the autotransplant, poor initial stability, and lack of prophylactic antibiotics during the surgical procedure must be considered with caution when performing autotransplantation because of their deleterious influence on the outcome.
The ranges of many species are shifting poleward as global warming intensifies, but this process might be less intense in philopatric species, i.e. those with the tendency to reproduce at their natal ...sites. Marine turtles are highly philopatric and their vulnerability to global warming is exacerbated by a life history combining delayed sexual maturity, temperature‐dependent sex determination and low embryo survival at high incubation temperature. Detection of nesting events of loggerhead turtles in the Western Mediterranean Sea has increased largely during the first two decades of the 21st century, which could be a response to global warming or the result of increased sampling effort. The deployment of temperature data loggers at 52 beaches scattered along the Mediterranean coast of Spain demonstrated that sand temperature is currently high enough to allow the incubation of loggerhead turtles clutches in most Spanish beaches. However, the reconstruction of sand temperature from 1950 to 2019 revealed that thermal conditions suitable for the regular nesting of loggerhead turtles have existed in Spanish beaches only since 2010, although sporadic nesting was possible previously in exceptionally warm years. The future establishment of a self‐sustained population would probably require further increases in temperature, to ensure a female‐biased offspring production, but the process might be jeopardized by increased erosion and beach flooding resulting from sea level rise.
Resumen
Muchas especies están desplazando su rango de distribución geográfica hacia los polos a medida que el calentamiento global se intensifica, pero este proceso podría ser menos intenso en las especies filopátricas, es decir, aquellas con tendencia a reproducirse allí donde nacieron. Las tortugas marinas son muy filopátricas y su vulnerabilidad al calentamiento global se ve incrementada por una historia de vida en la que se combinan una madurez sexual tardía, la determinación del sexo por la temperatura de incubación y una baja supervivencia embrionaria a temperaturas elevadas. La detección de eventos de nidificación de tortuga boba en el Mediterráneo Occidental se ha incrementado notablemente durante las dos primeras décadas del siglo XXI, lo que podría deberse el calentamiento global o a un mayor esfuerzo de muestreo. La colocación de registradores de temperatura en 52 playas repartidas por las costas mediterráneas de España demuestra que la temperatura de la arena es actualmente lo suficientemente elevada como para permitir la incubación de puestas de tortuga boba en la mayoría de las playas del mediterráneo español. Sin embargo, la reconstrucción de la temperatura de la arena entre 1950 y 2019 ha revelado que las condiciones térmicas adecuadas para la puesta regular de esta especie en España se han registrado únicamente desde 2010, si bien las puestas esporádicas eran posibles previamente en años excepcionalmente cálidos. El establecimiento de una población autosuficiente de la tortuga boba en España requeriría un incremento aun mayor de la temperatura, para asegurar la producción de hembras, pero el proceso se vería comprometido por la erosión de las playas resultante del incremento del nivel del mar.
Average summer sand temperature (July 20th–August 10th) at 40 cm deep in Spanish Mediterranean beaches, as reconstructed from air temperature at El Prat beach, has increased from 1950 to 2019 (top figure). As a result, the duration of the viable nesting window for loggerhead turtles (bottom figure) has also increased and the thermal environment has become suitable for the development of their clutches since 2010. Arrows denote years when at least one hatchling emerged from one loggerhead turtle clutch laid less than 200 km from El Prat beach.
In this paper, we propose a method to maintain the temporal coherence of stylized feature lines extracted from 3D models and preserve an artistically intended stylization provided by the user. We ...formally define the problem of combining spatio‐temporal continuity and artistic intention as a weighted energy minimization problem of competing constraints. The proposed method updates the style properties to provide real‐time smooth transitions from current to goal stylization, by assuring first‐ and second‐order temporal continuity, as well as spatial continuity along each stroke. The proposed weighting scheme guarantees that the stylization of strokes maintains motion coherence with respect to the apparent motion of the underlying surface in consecutive frames. This weighting scheme emphasizes temporal continuity for small apparent motions where the human vision system is able to keep track of the scene, and prioritizes the artistic intention for large apparent motions where temporal coherence is not expected. The proposed method produces temporally coherent and visually pleasing animations without the flickering artifacts of previous methods, while also maintaining the artistic intention of a goal stylization provided by the user.
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![[Translated article] Cryosu...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/0001-7310_1578-2190_1695-4734/small "[Translated article] Cryosurgery as an Adjuvant to Immunotherapy in Metastatic Melanoma")
