Background and Aims Although underlying mechanisms have been described to account for the association between prediabetes and diabetes with breast cancer, reported results have been inconsistent. We ...undertook this study to determine whether prediabetes and diabetes are risk factors for breast cancer in Mexican women with no family history of breast cancer in the mother, daughters, or sisters. Methods A case-control study was carried out during 2011–2013. “Case” referred to patients with a histopathological diagnosis of breast cancer (incident and primary cases) ( n = 240); “controls” were those with a BI-RADS 1 or 2 mammography result ( n = 406). Categorization of prediabetes and diabetes was based on self-reporting or fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin blood sampling results. Reproductive and sociodemographic data were collected by interview. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multivariate unconditional binary logistic regression analysis. Results Prediabetes increased the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women (adjusted OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.10–3.96) as did diabetes (adjusted OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.55–5.26). A history of diabetes preceding breast cancer by ≥7 years and <7 years were both associated with an increased risk for breast cancer (adjusted OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.40–5.60 and 3.00, 95% CI 1.50–5.90, respectively). Conclusions This is the first study in Mexico evaluating prediabetes and diabetes as breast cancer risk factors in women with no first-degree relatives with breast cancer. Our findings suggest that women with prediabetes and diabetes should be considered a more vulnerable population for early breast cancer detection.
L’éducation populaire et la recherche engagée en tant que mécanismes de production de connaissances ne sont pas de nouvelles stratégies des mouvements sociaux et ouvriers. Leur importance est souvent ...oubliée et sous-évaluée en sociologie, et dans les théories politiques des mouvements sociaux. L’articlesouligne l’importance d’aborder l’éducation populaire et la production de connaissances comme éléments fondamentaux de la mobilisation et de la construction des mouvements des travailleurs pauvres et précaires et comme point de départ d’une analyse critique de la position défensive des syndicats et de leurs structures d’organisation, l’intérêt étant de démontrer que l’éducation populaire et la production de connaissances font partie de l’action sociale des travailleurs précaires et, par conséquent, du champ d’analyse de l’économie politique du travail. Pour mener cette démonstration, on aborde l’expérience d’organisation de l’Association des travailleurs et travailleuses d’agence de placement (ATTAP) de Montréal au sein du Centre des travailleurs et travailleuses immigrants (CTI) et de sa collaboration avec la CSN (Confédération des syndicats nationaux) de 2013 à 2017.
Popular education and “engaged research” as mechanisms of knowledge production are not new strategies for social and labour movements. Their importance is often overlooked and undervalued in sociology, and in the political theories of social movements. In this paper, I emphasize the importance of addressing popular education and knowledge production as fundamental to the mobilization and construction of working-poors movements and as a starting point for a critical analysis of the defensive position of trade unions and their organizational structures. The article aims to demonstrate that popular education and knowledge production are part of the social action of precarious workers and thus part of the field of analysis of the political economy of labour. To do this, I use the organizing experience of the Association des travailleurs et travailleuses d’agence de placement (ATTAP) de Montréal within the Centre des travailleurs et travailleuses immigrants (CTI) and its collaboration with the CSN (Confédération des syndicats nationaux) from 2013 to 2017.
La educación popular y la investigación comprometida, como mecanismos de producción de conocimiento, no son nuevas estrategias desplegadas por los movimientos sociales y obreros. Su importancia es frecuentemente olvidada y minimizada por la Sociología y las teorías políticas de los movimientos sociales. En este artículo, señalo la importancia de abordar la educación popular y la producción de conocimientos como elementos fundamentales de la movilización y construcción de los movimientos de trabajadores pobres y precarios y como punto de partida de un análisis crítico de la posición defensiva de los sindicatos y de sus estructuras de organización. El interés está puesto en demostrar que la educación popular y la producción de conocimientos hacen parte de la acción social de los trabajadores precarios y – en consecuencia- del campo de análisis de la Economía Política del trabajo. Para demostrar el fenómeno mencionado, utilizo la experiencia de organización de la Asociación de Trabajadores y Trabajadoras de Agencias de Empleo (ATTAP) de Montreal, en el seno del Centro de Trabajadores y Trabajadoras Inmigrantes (CTI) y su colaboración con la Confederación de Sindicatos Nacionales (CSN) entre los años 2013 a 2017.
International migrants are a particularly vulnerable group in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Immigrants in Chile tend to experience multidimensional poverty and ...layers of social vulnerability. Our analysis aims to describe the perceived social and health-related needs of international migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile in terms of migration as a social determinant of health and layered social vulnerability. We carried out a qualitative analysis of responses to an open-ended question focused on the social and health-related needs linked to the pandemic included in an online questionnaire disseminated during April 2020 aimed at international migrants residing in Chile. The information gathered was thematically analysed. We included 1690 participants. They expressed needs related to health and others linked to the overall socio-economic and political response, employment, material conditions and psychosocial aspects. They also reported needs related to ‘being a migrant’. Additionally, some participants described situations of vulnerability. We analysed their needs and situations of vulnerability identified around the following emerging frames: (a) work and living conditions, (b) regularisation traps and perceived lack of support and (c) and physical and mental health needs. International migrants in Chile report experiencing interrelated layers of social vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic, where ‘being a migrant’ exacerbates physical and mental health risks. The issues revealed are immediate and direct public health challenges, as well as different aspects of social vulnerability linked to migratory status, employment and barriers to accessing healthcare that should be addressed through comprehensive policies and measures.
Eumastacinae are well-recognized because most genera feature showy colors, and because of particular morphological characteristics of the phallic complex. This orthopteran subfamily includes the ...genus Caenomastax, distributed in mid-elevations in the departments of Boyacá, Cundinamarca and Santander in Colombia. Three new species are described for this genus: Caenomastax similis n. sp., C. bimaculata n. sp. and C. magdalenensis n. sp. A phylogenetic analysis was performed based on morphological characters for 10 species (five ingroup and five outgroup) and 61 characters, which comprised external and genital morphology. Among the main results cast by this analysis was the proposition of Hebardomastax n. gen., within which C. atopa was previously placed, and a clarification was made on the status of the genus Zeromastax. Using the analyzed characters, an identification key is proposed for the genus.
The present article provides a comprehensive analysis of the kinematics of the Delta parallel robot. A new methodology is introduced to address the direct kinematics problem based on a multibody ...formulation. A new algorithm to find the solution to direct kinematics using a numerical method is proposed. Then, the workspace is determined. Moreover, a simulator and a prototype are presented, MATLAB as a tool for simulation and programming is used.
In recent years, the composite nanomaterials area has had a great development impact in health sciences. Biomaterials depict as one of the most promising since they are compatible with additive ...manufacturing (AM) techniques. It is also possible to use them to mold specific medical parts. Composite nanomaterials have shown good biocompatibility and low toxicity to have benefits equal to or greater than metals (i.e., Co-Cr alloy). The purpose of this study is to develop a nanocomposite biomaterial (PLA/MWCNTf) from Polylactic Acid (PLA) and functionalized Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTf) to evidence its potential application in 3D printing of orthopedic fixation devices. PLA/MWCNTf nanocomposite was prepared by solution blending technique, incorporating a proportion of 0.5 wt% of MWCNTf to the PLA matrix. TGA analysis of the PLA/MWCNTf was used to determine the thermal stability, a slight increase was found compared to the PLA. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of carboxylic acid groups in the MWCNTf which improves good incorporation of the nanotubes in the PLA matrix. Additionally, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and AFM micrographs were used to verify MWCNTf reached the PLA surface homogeneously. Additive manufacturing preparation was done by extrusion molding of PLA/MWCNTf as well as its 3D printing.
The molecular volume of crystals depends on their isotopic masses. This influence originates from the zero-point motion and the resulting small differences in lattice constants. This effect was ...measured with high precision by using an x-ray standing wave. The standing wave is generated during Bragg reflection and thus is in phase with the planes of the substrate crystal, which is covered with a homoepitaxial film that has a different isotopic composition than the substrate. The positions of the surface planes of the film with respect to the substrate planes are revealed by the photoelectrons excited by the maxima of the standing wave. For germanium-76 on natural germanium(111), a difference in lattice constant of -1.1 × 10$^{-5}$ and -2.5 × 10$^{-5}$ at 300 and 54 kelvin, respectively, was found. The results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
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