The increased risk and prevalence of lacunar stroke and Parkinson's disease (PD) makes the search for better experimental models an important requirement for translational research. In this study we ...assess ischemic damage of the nigrostriatal pathway in a model of lacunar stroke evoked by damaging the perforating arteries in the territory of the substantia nigra (SN) of the rat after stereotaxic administration of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor peptide. We hypothesized that transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) with the capacity of differentiating into diverse cell types such as neurons and glia, but with limited proliferation potential, would constitute an alternative and/or adjuvant therapy for lacunar stroke. These cells showed neuritogenic activity in vitro and a high potential for neural differentiation. Light and electron microscopy immunocytochemistry was used to characterize GFP-positive neurons derived from the transplants. 48 h after ET-1 injection, we characterized an area of selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons within the nigrostriatal pathway characterized with tissue necrosis and glial scar formation, with subsequent behavioral signs of Parkinsonism. Light microscopy showed that grafted cells within the striatal infarction zone differentiated with a high yield into mature glial cells (GFAP-positive) and neuron types present in the normal striatum. Electron microscopy revealed that NSCs-derived neurons integrated into the host circuitry establishing synaptic contacts, mostly of the asymmetric type. Astrocytes were closely associated with normal small-sized blood vessels in the area of infarct, suggesting a possible role in the regulation of the blood brain barrier and angiogenesis. Our results encourage the use of NSCs as a cell-replacement therapy for the treatment of human vascular Parkinsonism.
En la primera aproximación que hacen a la imagen y la representatividad del mundo, los estudiantes del programade Artes Audiovisuales de la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga son invitados a ...emprender un viaje haciaalgún destino cercano de la región, este desplazamiento es solo una excusa para movilizar también su mirada ycontrovertir la forma en la que cotidianamente leen el mundo, los jóvenes que están siempre tan saturados deinformación visual y grafica, deben reinventarse la forma de ver para poder entender y descifrar el mundo a travésde las imágenes que ahora ellos capturan.A continuación encontramos una selección de fotografías que corresponden a este ejercicio y que nos revelan conmucha nitidez que a pesar de la contaminación visual que el mundo actual supone, el estudiante es capaz dedetenerse a mirar con atención lo que la realidad le cuenta y adicionalmente puede transformar el conocimientotécnico fotográfico en una obra de gran significado y belleza.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to design and validate a complex gait test (CGT) in preschool children and to examine the relationship between CGT performance and age, sex, and cognitive ...functioning. A total of 1,040 preschool children, aged 3 to 6 years, participated in this study. In all children, standardized dynamic balance test, and several cognitive functioning measures were used. The results indicate that the CGT has adequate reliability and validity. In the test–retest analysis (n = 90), the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.901 (p < .001). A significant correlation between the initial test and retest (r = 0.821, p < .001) and between the CGT and dynamic balance test (r = −0.432, p < .001), Porteus Maze Test (PMT) (r = −0.416, p = .011), and Goodenough‐Harris Drawing Test (GHDT) (r = −0.386, p < .001) was found. Boys showed a better performance than girls at 3–6 years old. The CGT showed excellent reliability and validity in preschool children and may serve as a potential biomarker in cognitive development.
Lay : We designed and validated a complex gait test in preschool children. Moreover, we analyzed the relationship between the complex gait test and physical functioning and cognitive measures. The results indicate that the complex gait test reported adequate reliability and validity parameters, showing in boys a better performance than girls at 3–6 years old. Therefore, the findings indicate this novel complex gait test shows very good reliability and validity in preschool children aged 3–6 years.
Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective treatment for severe obesity. Our group and others have previously reported that the type of BS (restrictive vs malabsorptive) can lead to different ...effects on the lipid profile and glucose homeostasis in morbidly obese patients. Furthermore, BS exerts significant changes in lipid metabolism, which are not yet fully understood and that might be dependent of surgical technique.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the differential changes in the serum lipidomic profile of morbidly obese subjects who underwent two different BS techniques: sleeve gastrectomy (SG) (restrictive) and biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) (malabsorptive).
This study included 37 morbidly obese patients (body mass index ≥ 40 kg/m2) who underwent either SG (n = 25) or BPD (n = 12). Serum lipid extracts were assessed at baseline and 6 months after BS and were analyzed in a ultra-high performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry–based platform.
SG not only restores the circulating levels of fatty acids and glycerolipids to similar levels to those observed in nonobese subjects but also results in a consistent increase of phospholipid and sphingolipid species, ranging from antioxidant plasmalogens to lipotoxic ceramides. BPD, however, leads to an overall reduction in circulating fatty acids, glycerolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids, and a substantial increase of bile acids.
Our lipidomic analysis suggests that the differential metabolic effects typically observed after restrictive vs malabsorptive BS procedures could be explained, at least partially, to BS-specific lipid changes and provides novel aspects of lipid remodeling in obesity during weight loss.
•Lipidomic analysis reveals bariatric surgery-specific changes in the serum lipidome.•Sleeve gastrectomy reduces glycerolipids and free fatty acids but increases phospholipids and sphingolipids.•Changes in phospholipid metabolism after sleeve gastrectomy negatively correlate with weight loss.•Biliopancreatic diversion leads to an overall reduction in serum lipidome but an increase in bile acids.•Changes in sphingolipids after biliopancreatic diversion are correlated with cholesterol lipoproteins.
Background
Transfer protocols from primary to comprehensive stroke centers are crucial for endovascular treatment success.
Aim
To evaluate clinical and neuroimaging data of transferred patients and ...their likelihood of presenting a large infarct core at comprehensive stroke center arrival.
Methods
Retrospective analysis of population-based mandatory prospective registry of acute stroke patients evaluated for endovascular treatment. Consecutive patients evaluated at primary stroke center with suspected large vessel occlusion and PSC-ASPECTS ≥ 6 transferred to a comprehensive stroke center were included. PSC and CSC-ASPECTS, time-metrics, and clinical data were analyzed.
Results
During 28 months, 1185 endovascular treatment candidates were transferred from PC to comprehensive stroke center in our public stroke network, 477 had an anterior circulation syndrome and available neuroimaging information and were included. Median baseline NIHSS was 13 (8–19). On arrival to comprehensive stroke center, large vessel occlusion was confirmed in 60.2% patients, and 41.2% received endovascular treatment. Median interfacility ASPECTS decay was 1 (0–2) after a median of 150.7 (SD 101) min between both CT-acquisitions. A logistic regression analysis adjusted by age, time from symptoms to PC-CT, and time from PC-CT to CSC-CT showed that only a baseline NIHSS and PSC-ASPECTS independently predicted a CSC-ASPECTS < 6. ROC curves identified baseline NIHSS ≥ 16 and PSC-ASPECTS ≤ 7 as the best cut-off points. The rate of CSC-ASPECTS < 6 increased from 7% to 57% among patients with NIHSS ≥ 16 and PSC-ASPECS ≤ 7.
Conclusion
After a median transfer time >2 h, only 11.9% showed ASPECTS < 6 at the comprehensive stroke center. Activation of endovascular treatment teams should not require confirming neuroimaging on arrival and repeating neuroimaging at comprehensive stroke center should only be performed in selected cases.
To analyze the presence of salivary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma and potentially malignant oral disorders.
Three groups were studied: Group 1 (12 oral squamous cell ...carcinomas (OSCC)), Group 2 (12 potentially malignant oral disorders (PMD)) and Group 3 (47 healthy controls). EBV DNA salivary analysis was performed by PCR.
The highest percentage of positive salivary EBV DNA corresponded to the OSCC group (58.3%), followed by the PMD group (41.7%) and the controls (40.4%). The differences between groups were not statistically significant, however (p>0.05).
Salivary EBV DNA was more prevalent in OSCC than in PMD or the controls.
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