A measurement of strange baryon and antibaryon production in Pb–Pb collisions has been carried out by the NA57 experiment at the CERN SPS, with 40 and 158 AGeV/c beam momentum. Results on Λ, Ξ and Ω ...hyperon yields at mid-rapidity in the most central 53% of Pb–Pb collisions at 40 AGeV/c are presented and compared with those obtained at higher energy, in the same collision centrality range.
The Λ and Ξ− yields per unit rapidity stay roughly constant while those of Ω−, Λ̄, Ξ̄+ and Ω̄+ increase when going to the higher SPS energy. Hyperon yields at the SPS are compared with those from the STAR experiment in sNN=130 GeV Au–Au collisions at RHIC.
K
S
0,
Λ,
Ξ,
Ω and negative particle yields and transverse mass spectra have been measured at central rapidity in Pb–Pb and p–Pb collisions at 158
A GeV/
c. Yields are studied as a function of the ...number of nucleons participating in the collision
N
part, which is estimated with the Glauber model. From p–Pb to Pb–Pb collisions the particle yields per participant increase substantially. The enhancement is more pronounced for multistrange particles, and exceeds an order of magnitude for the
Ω. For a number of participants,
N
part, greater than 100, however, all yields per participant appear to be constant.
A new pixel readout prototype has been developed at CERN for high-energy physics applications. This full mixed mode circuit has been implemented in a commercial 0.5
μm CMOS technology. Its radiation ...tolerance has been enhanced by designing all NMOS transistors in enclosed geometry and introducing guardrings wherever necessary. The technique is explained and its effectiveness demonstrated on various irradiation measurements on individual transistors and on the prototype. Circuit performance started to degrade only after a total dose of 600
krad–1.7 Mrad depending on the type of radiation. 10
keV X-rays,
60
Co
gamma-rays, 6.5
MeV protons, and minimum ionizing particles were used. Implications of this layout approach on the circuit design and perspectives for even deeper submicron technologies are discussed.
The WA97 experiment has measured the transverse mass \(({m_{\mathrm T}})\) spectra for negative hadrons (\(\mathrm{h}^-\)) and strange particles produced at mid–rapidity in Pb–Pb collisions. The ...increased statistics of analysed data samples allowed us to perform a study of the spectra of \({\rm K_S^0}\), \(\mathrm{\Lambda}\), \(\mathrm{\Xi}\), \(\mathrm{\Omega}\) and \(\mathrm{h}^-\) as a function of the collision centrality. The data, which correspond to the most central 40% of the total inelastic cross section, have been divided into four centrality classes according to the estimated number of nucleons taking part in the collision. The \(m_{\mathrm T}\) spectra, analysed separately for each centrality bin, exhibit only weak (\(\leq\) 15%) centrality dependence. The deviation of the \(\mathrm{\Omega}\) inverse slope from the linear dependence on the particle mass is confirmed even for the most central Pb–Pb collisions.
We report the main results from experiment WA97 on the production of strange and multistrange hadrons at midrapidity in Pb+Pb, p+Pb and p+Be collisions at 158
A GeV/
c. A comparison with some of the ...available models is presented.
Ensemble forecasting has gained popularity in the field of numerical medium-range weather prediction as a means of handling the limitations inherent to predicting the behaviour of high dimensional, ...nonlinear systems, that have high sensitivity to initial conditions. Through small strategical perturbations of the initial conditions, and in some cases, stochastic parameterization schemes of the atmosphere-ocean dynamical equations, ensemble forecasting allows one to sample possible future scenarii in a Monte-Carlo like approximation. Results are generally interpreted in a probabilistic way by building a predictive density function from the ensemble of weather forecasts. However, such a probabilistic interpretation is regularly criticized for not being reliable, because of the chaotic nature of the dynamics of the atmospheric system as well as the fact that the ensembles of forecasts are not, in reality, produced in a probabilistic manner. To address these limitations, we propose a novel approach: a possibilistic interpretation of ensemble predictions, taking inspiration from fuzzy and possibility theories. Our approach is tested on an imperfect version of the Lorenz 96 model and results are compared against those given by a standard probabilistic ensemble dressing. The possibilistic framework reproduces (ROC curve, resolution) or improves (ignorance, sharpness, reliability) the performance metrics of a standard univariate probabilistic framework. This work provides a first step to answer the question whether probability distributions are the right tool to interpret ensembles predictions.
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