A
bstract
We describe a proposal to add a set of very forward detectors to the CMS experiment for the high-luminosity era of the Large Hadron Collider to search for beyond the standard model ...long-lived particles, such as dark photons, heavy neutral leptons, axion-like particles, and dark Higgs bosons. The proposed subsystem is called
FACET
for
F
orward-
A
perture
C
MS
E
x
T
ension, and will be sensitive to any particles that can penetrate at least 50 m of magnetized iron and decay in an 18 m long, 1 m diameter vacuum pipe. The decay products will be measured in detectors using identical technology to the planned CMS Phase-2 upgrade.
The azimuthal correlation,
Δ
ϕ
12
, of high transverse momentum jets in pp collisions at
s
=
13
TeV is studied by applying PB-TMD distributions to NLO calculations via MCatNLO together with the ...PB-TMD parton shower. A very good description of the cross section as a function of
Δ
ϕ
12
is observed. In the back-to-back region of
Δ
ϕ
12
→
π
, a very good agreement is observed with the PB-TMD Set 2 distributions while significant deviations are obtained with the PB-TMD Set 1 distributions. Set 1 uses the evolution scale while Set 2 uses transverse momentum as an argument in
α
s
, and the above observation therefore confirms the importance of an appropriate soft-gluon coupling in angular ordered parton evolution. The total uncertainties of the predictions are dominated by the scale uncertainties of the matrix element, while the uncertainties coming from the PB-TMDs and the corresponding PB-TMD shower are very small. The
Δ
ϕ
12
measurements are also compared with predictions using MCatNLO together
Pythia
8, illustrating the importance of details of the parton shower evolution.
Jets which are the signatures of quarks and gluons in the detector can be described by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) in terms of parton-parton scattering. Jets are abundantly produced at the LHC’s ...high energy scales. Measurements of inclusive jets, dijets and multijets can be used to test perturbative QCD predictions and to constrain parton distribution functions (PDF), as well as to measure the strong coupling constant αS . The measurements use the samples of proton-proton collisions collected with the CMS detector at the LHC at various center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV.
Measurements of luminosity are required to be exceedingly accurate for the new upcoming era of the LHC with higher energies and a more complex structure of the beam (HL-LHC). A new device is being ...developed for the CMS experiment to fulfill demands of being stand-alone and precise. The paper describes the design, main components and physics behind the new quartz fiber based luminometer (QFL). Via simulations of a single quartz fiber, we were able to calculate an average number of photons reaching the end of the fiber after a single particle hit.
Background : Many authors have claimed that hyperthyroidism protects
against thyroid cancer and believed that the incidence of malignancy is
lower in patients with toxic multinodular goiter (TMG) ...than in those
with non-toxic multinodular goiter. But in recent studies, it was
reported that the incidence of malignancy with TMG is not as low as
previously thought. Aim : To compare the thyroid cancer incidence in
patients with toxic and non-toxic multinodular goiter. Settings and
Design : Histology reports of patients treated surgically with a
preoperative diagnosis of toxic and non-toxic multinodular goiter were
reviewed to identify the thyroid cancer incidence. Patients having a
history of neck irradiation or radioactive iodine therapy were excluded
from the study. Materials and Methods : We reviewed 294 patients
operated between 2001-2005 from toxic and non-toxic multinodular
goiter. One hundred and twenty-four of them were toxic and 170 were
non-toxic. Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed by elevated
tri-iodothyroinine/thyroxine ratios and low thyroid-stimulating hormone
with clinical signs and symptoms. All patients were evaluated with
ultrasonography and scintigraphy and fine needle aspiration biopsy.
Statistical Analysis Used : Significance of the various parameters was
calculated by using ANOVA test. Results : The incidence of malignancy
was 9% in the toxic and 10.58% in the non-toxic multinodular goiter
group. Any significant difference in the incidence of cancer and tumor
size between the two groups could not be detected. Conclusions : The
incidence of malignancy in toxic multinodular goiter is not very low as
thought earlier and is nearly the same in non-toxic multinodular
goiter.
α-MnO2 has attracted specific interest as one of the most promising candidates for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) electrocatalyst owing to its low-cost, non-toxicity, earth-abundancy and high ...activity/stability properties. Long-term operating stability and activity of candidate electrocatalysts are important parameters for evaluating their commercial potential. However, long-term stability and activity parameters in electrocatalysis depend on various chemical factors (such as pH, composition and oxidation state of catalyst, etc.) and physical factors (such as particle size, morphology, conductivity, etc.). It is extremely difficult to evaluate and estimate which factor dominates the electrocatalytic stability, because electrocatalytic reactions occur via multistep processes, which contain chemical, electrochemical and mechanical treatments. In addition to advanced research methods that can provide accurate information about electrochemical systems, it is essential to develop data analysis methods in order to make significant progress. A new and powerful systematic approach is needed to determine the long-term stability of active and stable electrocatalysts. In this study, in order to evaluate and estimate to long term stability and activation loss of electrocatalysts, we propose data processing approach using a typical electrochemical measurement. A scientific software tool based on C++; ROOT, was used for the analysis and visualisation of data processing. Various statistical and mathematical functions are well integrated into the framework and this allows to operate data with a few simple commands.
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•α-MnO2 nanowires were synthesized by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method.•The long-term stability and activity of OER electrocatalysts can be analyzed by using data processing approach.•Data processing method can be used to estimate activity loss and performance of electrocatalysts.
Abstract
Background. The use of drains in the treatment of syringomyelia has a simple and immediate appeal. Syringopleural shunting in syringomyelia has produced good short-term results, but limited ...information is available on long-term effects. We analyzed the complications and long-term outcomes after syringopleural shunting for syringomyelia. Clinical material and methods. Fourthy-four patients with large-sized syringomyelia underwent syringopleural shunting because of spinal cord compression between 1992 and 2010 in our clinic. Thirty-two patients had Chiari malformation type I (Group B), and 12 patients were associated with primary parenchymal cavitations (Group A). Their ages ranged from 14 to 71 years. Both craniovertebral decompression and syringopleural shunting were performed on 21 patients, whereas only syringopleural shunting was performed on another 21 patients. Results. The follow-up period ranged from 1 year to 17 years (mean: 9.1 years). There was no operative mortality. Early postoperative MRI revealed that syringes of 43 patients had collapsed. There were 9 (20.5%) minor complications in 9 patients, including temporary neurological deficits (6), respiratory distress (2) and headache (1). Seven (15.9%) serious complications permanent neurological deficit (1), shunt migration (2), shunt misplacement (1), spinal instability (1), tethering (1), CSF over drainage (1) were seen in five patients. Four of them were treated with a secondary operation. Three patients (3/9; 33.3%) who were treated by syringopleural shunt alone (Group B2) required craniovertebral decompression, although the shunt was functional. During long-term follow-up, three patients stabilized, five patients (11.3%) developed a worse neurological condition, and two of these patients died 10 and 7 years after surgery. Of all patients, 88.6% showed significant clinical improvement. Conclusions. Although there were complications and failures, syringopleural shunting produced satisfactory results at long-term follow-up.
We present performance studies of a full-length prototype for the CASTOR quartz-tungsten sampling calorimeter, installed in the very forward region of the CMS experiment at the LHC. The response ...linearity and energy resolution, the uniformity, as well as the showers’ spatial properties in the prototype have been studied with electrons, pions and muons of various energies. A special study was also carried out for testing the light-output with a 90-degree cut of the quartz plates of the calorimeter. The data were taken during the CASTOR test beam at CERN/SPS in 2007.
Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder caused by abnormal hemoglobin, the S hemoglobin. Although vaso-occlusive crises can occur virtually in any organ, they are particularly common in the bony ...skeleton of affected patients. Bone marrow necrosis, bone infarcts, osteomyelitis, and aseptic necrosis are common complications in patients with sickle cell disease. Beside these abnormalities of the skeletal system, diffuse micro or macro calcification resulting from both splenic infarction and repeated vaso-occlusive episodes in the kidneys can be shown by technetium-99m methylenediphosphonate (Tc-99m MDP) bone scintigraphy. We present here the different osseous and extraosseous abnormalities noted on bone scintigraphies of three patients with sickle cell anemia.
Whole-body bone scan was performed after injecting 740 MBq of Tc-99m MDP in three patients with sickle cell disease.
Tc-99m MDP whole-body image of the first patient showed non-uniform uptake in the anterior and posterior aspects of multiple ribs and bilateral femurs and tibias that was attributed to repetitive infarcts. Additionally, increased activity in shoulders, right elbow, and right knee was consistent with arthritis. Tc-99m MDP image of the second patient demonstrated avascular necrosis of the left femoral head and diffuse activity in the enlarged kidneys. Increased activity in the spleen that was attributed to repetitive infarcts was visualized in bone scan of the third patient.
In light of the findings in these cases, bone scintigraphy is a reliable imaging method in detecting both osseous and extraosseous abnormalities of sickle cell disease and may be used initially.
The aim of this study was to verify which risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) are independently correlated with butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity. We studied 88 White individuals (43 ...males) aged 47.3 - 15.7 years (mean - SD; range: 14.0 - 80.0 years) including 38 with hyperlipidemia, 30 with hypertension and 5 with diabetes mellitus (DM). Simple correlation analysis showed that BChE activity was positively correlated with age, sex, body mass index, hypertension and DM, as well as with triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (Apo B). However, after a step-wise multiple regression analysis, the only risk factors for CAD that showed independent correlations with BChE activity were, in descending order of importance, Apo B, TGs and DM. Our findings seem to reinforce suggested associations of BChE activity with lipoprotein synthesis and with hypertension, as well as supporting previous data on the relation of BChE activity with disturbances found in diabetes mellitus.
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