HIAF (High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility), a new facility planned in China for heavy ion related researches, consists of two ion sources, a high intensity Heavy Ion Superconducting Linac ...(HISCL), a 45 Tm Accumulation and Booster Ring (ABR-45) and a multifunction storage ring system. The key features of HIAF are unprecedented high pulse beam intensity and versatile operation mode. The HIAF project aims to expand nuclear and related researches into presently unreachable region and give scientists possibilities to conduct cutting-edge researches in these fields. The general description of the facility is given in this article with a focus on the accelerator design.
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses provide the highest level of evidence to help inform policy and practice, yet their rigorous nature is associated with significant time and economic demands. The ...screening of titles and abstracts is the most time consuming part of the review process with analysts required review thousands of articles manually, taking on average 33 days. New technologies aimed at streamlining the screening process have provided initial promising findings, yet there are limitations with current approaches and barriers to the widespread use of these tools. In this paper, we introduce and report initial evidence on the utility of Research Screener, a semi-automated machine learning tool to facilitate abstract screening.
Three sets of analyses (simulation, interactive and sensitivity) were conducted to provide evidence of the utility of the tool through both simulated and real-world examples.
Research Screener delivered a workload saving of between 60 and 96% across nine systematic reviews and two scoping reviews. Findings from the real-world interactive analysis demonstrated a time saving of 12.53 days compared to the manual screening, which equates to a financial saving of USD 2444. Conservatively, our results suggest that analysts who scan 50% of the total pool of articles identified via a systematic search are highly likely to have identified 100% of eligible papers.
In light of these findings, Research Screener is able to reduce the burden for researchers wishing to conduct a comprehensive systematic review without reducing the scientific rigour for which they strive to achieve.
Abstract
The role of microglia cells in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is well recognized, however their molecular and functional diversity remain unclear. Here, we isolated amyloid plaque-containing ...(using labelling with methoxy-XO4, XO4
+
) and non-containing (XO4
−
) microglia from an AD mouse model. Transcriptomics analysis identified different transcriptional trajectories in ageing and AD mice. XO4
+
microglial transcriptomes demonstrated dysregulated expression of genes associated with late onset AD. We further showed that the transcriptional program associated with XO4
+
microglia from mice is present in a subset of human microglia isolated from brains of individuals with AD. XO4
−
microglia displayed transcriptional signatures associated with accelerated ageing and contained more intracellular post-synaptic material than XO4
+
microglia, despite reduced active synaptosome phagocytosis. We identified HIF1α as potentially regulating synaptosome phagocytosis in vitro using primary human microglia, and BV2 mouse microglial cells. Together, these findings provide insight into molecular mechanisms underpinning the functional diversity of microglia in AD.
A novel and efficient fluorescence sensing platform based on biocompatible graphene quantum dots and graphene oxide was established. It showed high selectivity and sensitivity for DNA detection.
Background
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a fixed nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture for the management of breakthrough cancer pain.
Methods/design
A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, ...randomized clinical trial was undertaken in the Medical ward of Tumor Hospital of General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. 240 cancer patients with breakthrough pain were recruited and randomly received a standard pain treatment (morphine sulphate immediate release) plus a pre‐prepared nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture, or the standard pain treatment plus oxygen. The primary endpoint measure was the numerical rating scale (NRS) score measured at baseline, 5 and 15 min after the beginning of treatment, and at 5 min post treatment.
Result
In all, analysis of pain score (NRS) at 5 min after the beginning of treatment shown a significant decrease in nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture treated patients with 2.8 ± 1.3 versus 5.5 ± 1.2 in controls (p < 0.01). At 15 min during the intervention, the mean pain score for nitrous oxide/oxygen was 2.0 ± 1.1 compared with 5.6 ± 1.3 for oxygen (p < 0.01).
Conclusion
This study shows that self‐administered nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture was effective in reducing moderate to severe breakthrough pain among patients with cancer.
Significance
The management of breakthrough cancer pain is always a challenge due to its temporal characteristics of rapid onset, moderate to severe in intensity, short duration (median 30–60 min). Our study find that self‐administered nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture was effective in reducing moderate to severe breakthrough cancer pain.
Zinc-anode-based batteries have been widely studied because of their low cost, high capacity, and high energy density. However, the formation of dendrites on the zinc anode during cycling severely ...affects the stability and safety of this type of battery. In this work, a series of electrolyte additives with potential to counter this problem were studied. We found that lithium chloride (LiCl) additive can suppress the growth of dendrites and stabilize the Zn metal anode, on which the cations (Li+) preferentially form Li2O/Li2CO3 upon the Zn surface and provide a shielding effect to suppress dendritic deposition, while a moderate amount of anions (Cl–) decreases the Zn polarization and facilitates ion transport. Asymmetric cells with LiCl additives in the electrolyte showed notably higher stability during the long cycling process.
Durable and efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts that can satisfy industrial requirements need to be developed. Platinum (Pt)‐based catalysts represent the benchmark ...performance but are less studied for HER under high current densities in neutral electrolytes due to their high cost, poor stability, and extra water dissociation step. Here a facile and low‐temperature synthesis for constructing “blackberry‐shaped” Pt nanocrystals on copper (Cu) foams with low loading as self‐standing electrodes for HER in neutral media is proposed. Optimized hydrogen adsorption free energy and robust interaction induced by charge density exchange between Pt and Cu ensure the efficient and robust HER, especially under high current densities, which are demonstrated from both experimental and theoretical approaches. The electrode exhibits small overpotentials of 35 and 438 mV to reach current densities of ‐10 and ‐1000 mA cm−2, respectively. Meanwhile the electrode illustrates outstanding stability during chronoamperometry measurement under high current densities (‐100 to ‐400 mA cm−2) and 1000 cycles linear sweep voltammetry tests reaching ‐1000 mA cm−2. This study provides new design strategies for self‐standing electrocatalysts by fabricating robust metal–metal interactions between active materials and current collectors, thus facilitating the stable function of electrodes for HER under technologically relevant high current densities.
The facile in situ growth of blackberry‐shaped Pt nanocrystals on Cu foams as self‐standing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrode is presented. The optimized hydrogen adsorption free energy and robust interaction between active materials and current collectors induced by charge density exchange ensure high efficiency and durability for HER in neutral media under technologically relevant high current densities.
In this work, the aluminum–water reaction induced by Fe–B, Co–B and Ni–B particles was studied. The catalysts were mixtures of the metal boride and metallic particles. The chainlike Fe–B catalyst ...forms a network structure under the influence of an external magnetic field and has a large specific surface area. Aggregated particles of Co–B and Ni–B catalyst have small specific surface area. Catalytic activity in the initial corrosion of aluminum increases with increasing Fe–B content because of the large specific surface area and the formation of a micro galvanic cell. However, the amount of hydrogen generated slowly decreases with increasing amount of Co–B and Ni–B. The activity of Fe–B, Co–B and Ni–B in the initial Al/H2O reaction decreases in the order Fe–B > Ni–B > Co–B. The calculated apparent activation energies in the presence of Fe–B, Co–B and Ni catalysts are 38.2, 39 and 29.6 kJ mol−1, respectively. Aluminum is rapidly and completely corroded in a weakly alkaline solution (pH < 10) after consecutive additions of Al batches because of high concentrations of OH− in the local domain and an increase in the amount of Al(OH)3 precipitate.
•The chainlike Fe–B catalyst forms a network structure.•The catalytic activity in the initial Al/H2O reaction at 45°Cis Fe–B > Ni–B > Co–B.•Aluminum is rapidly corroded after consecutive additions of Al batches.•The high concentrations of OH− in the local domain triggers the corrosion of Al.
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