The worldwide circulation of H9N2 avian influenza virus in poultry, the greater than 2.3 % positive rate for anti-H9 antibodies in poultry-exposed workers, and several reports of human infection ...indicate that H9N2 virus is a potential threat to human health. Here, we found three mutations that conferred high virulence to H9N2 virus in mice after four passages. The PB2-E627K substitution rapidly appeared at the second passage and played a decisive role in virulence. Polymerase complexes possessing PB2-E627K displayed 16.1-fold higher viral polymerase activity when compared to the wild-type virus, which may account for enhanced virulence of this virus. The other two substitutions (HA-N313D and HA-N496S) enhanced binding to both α2,3-linked and α2,6-linked sialic acid receptors; however, the HA-N313D and N496S substitutions alone decreased the virulence of mouse-adapted virus. Furthermore, this mouse-adapted virus was still not transmissible among guinea pigs by direct contact (0/3 pairs). Our findings show that adaption in mice enhanced the viral polymerase activity and receptor-binding ability, which resulted in a virulent phenotype in mice but not a transmissible phenotype in guinea pigs, indicating that host factors play an important role in adaptive evolution of influenza in new hosts.
According to the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification scheme for gliomas, glioma segmentation is a very important basis for diagnosis and genotype prediction. In general, 3D multimodal ...brain MRI is an effective diagnostic tool. In the past decade, there has been an increase in the use of machine learning, particularly deep learning, for medical images processing. Thanks to the development of foundation models, models pre-trained with large-scale datasets have achieved better results on a variety of tasks. However, for medical images with small dataset sizes, deep learning methods struggle to achieve better results on real-world image datasets. In this paper, we propose a cross-modality attention adapter based on multimodal fusion to fine-tune the foundation model to accomplish the task of glioma segmentation in multimodal MRI brain images with better results. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated via our private glioma data set from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (FHZU) in Zhengzhou, China. Our proposed method is superior to current state-of-the-art methods with a Dice of 88.38% and Hausdorff distance of 10.64, thereby exhibiting a 4% increase in Dice to segment the glioma region for glioma treatment.
We study the impact of top SiO2 interlayer thickness on the memory window (MW) of Si channel ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FeFET) with TiN/SiO2/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/SiOx/Si (MIFIS) gate structure. ...We find that the MW increases with the increasing thickness of the top SiO2 interlayer, and such an increase exhibits a two-stage linear dependence. The physical origin is the presence of the different interfacial charges trapped at the top SiO2/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 interface. Moreover, we investigate the dependence of endurance characteristics on initial MW. We find that the endurance characteristic degrades with increasing the initial MW. By inserting a 3.4 nm SiO2 dielectric interlayer between the gate metal TiN and the ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2, we achieve a MW of 6.3 V and retention over 10 years. Our work is helpful in the device design of FeFET.
We study the impact of top SiO2 interlayer thickness on memory window of Si channel FeFET with TiN/SiO2/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/SiOx/Si (MIFIS) gate structure. The memory window increases with thicker top SiO2. ...We realize the memory window of 6.3 V for 3.4 nm top SiO2. Moreover, we find that the endurance characteristic degrades with increasing the initial memory window.
The endurance degradation mechanism in Si FeFET has attracted great research interest. However, the reports mainly focused on large-scale devices, owing to the external current measurement ...limitations of modern equipment. In this work, we study the endurance degradation mechanism in the scaled n-FeFET by in-situ V th measurement to overcome the size limitation. We find that excess electron injection rather than hole injection plays a key role in the charge trapping behavior. As the endurance cycles increase, the V th after the program pulse positively shifts due to less electron de-trapping. The V th after erase pulse negatively shifts due to more hole trapping when the V g changes from -1V to -4V and no hole de-trapping occurs when the V g changes from -4V to 0 V. The donor trap generation and hole trapping are the dominant factors of endurance failure in the scaled nFeFET.
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) (e.g., GPT-4V, LLaVA, and Claude-3) have broadened the scope of AI applications. Yet, evaluating their performance presents a significant challenge owing to ...the inherently subjective nature of tasks that do not yield clear-cut solutions especially for those open-ended queries. Existing automatic evaluation methodologies are mainly limited in evaluating objective queries without considering real-world user experiences, inadequately addressing the nuances of creative and associative multimodal tasks. In our paper, we propose a new evaluation paradigm for MLLMs, which is evaluating MLLMs with \textit{per-sample criteria} using potent MLLM as the judge. To validate the feasibility and effectiveness of this paradigm, we design a benchmark, dubbed \textit{MLLM-Bench}, with the evaluation samples across six critical levels following the revised Bloom's Taxonomy with the ethical consideration. We benchmark 21 popular MLLMs in a pairwise-comparison fashion, showing diverse performance across models. Moreover, the validity of our benchmark manifests itself in reaching 88.02\% agreement with human evaluation. We contend that the proposed paradigm explores the potential of MLLMs as effective evaluation tools with the help of per-sample criteria, and that MLLM-Bench will serve as a catalyst for encouraging the development of user-centric MLLMs tailored to real-world applications. Our benchmark data, online leaderboard and submission entry are at https://mllm-bench.llmzoo.com.
In this paper the problem of look-up table parameters updating is studied to cope with physical systems changes due to operating conditions and age. To this aim, an estimation algorithm is developed ...in order to update look-up table parameters in a finite-time. The convergence proofs are presented by Lyapunov-based approach, and the results are given based on the regressor model related to the identifiability condition. The estimation error is analyzed for the proposed algorithm. The validity of the presented algorithm is verified through the discharge coefficient map of the gasoline engine form enDYNA.
Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), which integrates the Urban Rail Transit (URT) and surrounding land-use planning, is a noteworthy way to achieve sustainable development of URT. Stations with ...different function orientations have different development goals. However, there are limited studies that focus on the TOD planning with distinct station types. This study aims to propose a method to fill this gap. Commercial and residential development types are two dominating Station-TOD types. In this study, a multi-objective TOD planning model which integrates urban rail transit station, commercial, residential and public land-uses is proposed. The objectives focus on land value, ridership of URT, the compactness and commercial accessibility of land cells. Meanwhile, a two-phase solution algorithm based on genetic algorithm is designed to search for a set of Pareto solutions of alternative land-use plans. Two URT stations in Beijing are taken as case studies. One is Sidaoqiao station as a commercial-dominating type case, the other one is Pingxifu station as a residential-dominating type case. The results show that the optimized plan is more reasonable than the current plan. Both of the cases demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model and algorithm.
JHEP10(2023)081 and JHEP12(2023)080 (erratum) With data samples collected with the BESIII detector at seven energy points
at $\sqrt{s}= 3.68 - 3.71$ GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of
...333 pb$^{-1}$, we present a study of the $\Lambda$ transverse polarization in
the $e^+e^-\to\Lambda\bar\Lambda$ reaction. The significance of polarization by
combining the seven energy points is found to be 2.6$\sigma$ including the
systematic uncertainty, which implies a non-zero phase between the transition
amplitudes of the $\Lambda\bar\Lambda$ helicity states. The modulus ratio and
the relative phase of EM-$psionic$ form factors combined with all energy points
are measured to be $R^{\Psi} =$ 0.71$^{+0.10}_{-0.10}$ $\pm$ 0.03 and
$\Delta\Phi^{\Psi}$ = (23$^{+8.8}_{-8.0}$ $\pm$ 1.6$)^\circ$, where the first
uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.
This paper presents a simplified photovoltaic array model to describe the photovoltaic system features under partially shaded conditions. Based on the proposed model, the peak power sliding ...phenomenon of photovoltaic generation is studied during the above mentioned system dynamic process. The paper analyzes the mechanism of the peak power sliding and the critical sliding conditions. Simulation cases are provided to verify the theoretical analysis. The simulation results also show the difference of dynamic characteristics between shaded photovoltaic system and non-shaded photovoltaic system.
PDF
