Federated learning is an emerging distributed machine learning framework in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). In IoV, millions of vehicles are willing to train the model to share their knowledge. ...Maintaining an active state means the participants must update their state to the FL server in a fixed interval and participate in the next round. However, the cost of maintaining an active state is very large when there are a huge number of participating vehicles. In this paper, we propose a distributed client selection scheme to reduce the cost of maintaining the active state for all participants. The clients with the highest evaluation are elected among the neighbors. In the evaluator, four variables are considered, including the sample quantity, available throughput, computational capability, and the quality of the local dataset. We adopt fuzzy logic as the evaluator since the closed-form solution over four variables does not exist. Extensive simulation results show that our proposal approximates the centralized client selection in terms of accuracy and can significantly reduce the communication overhead.
Photocatalytic epoxide alcoholysis through C−O bond cleavage and formation has emerged as an alternative to synthesizing anti‐tumoral pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. However, the lack of crucial ...evidence to interpret the interaction between reactants and photocatalyst surface makes it challenging for photocatalytic epoxide alcoholysis with both high activity and regioselectivity. In this work, we report the hierarchical ZnIn2S4@CdS photocatalyst for epoxide alcoholysis with high regioselectivity nearly 100 %. Mechanistic studies unveil that the precise activation switch on exposed Zn acid sites for C−O bond polarization and cleavage has a critical significance for achieving efficient photocatalytic performance. Furthermore, the establishment of Z‐scheme heterojunction facilitates the interface charge separation and transfer. Remarkably, the underlying regioselective photocatalytic reaction pathway has been distinctly revealed.
Hollow CdS nanocages wrapped in ultrathin ZnIn2S4 nanosheets were synthesized to form the hierarchical photocatalyst ZnIn2S4@CdS. Surface‐exposed Zn acid centers and the Z‐Scheme pathway between ZnIn2S4 and CdS promote the polarization of epoxide molecules and interfacial charge transfer, leading to photoredox‐catalyzed regioselective alcoholysis of epoxides.
Transition‐metal selenides (TMSs) have emerged as prospective anode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs), owing to their considerable theoretical capacity and intrinsic high electronic ...conductivity. Whereas, TMSs still suffer from poor rate capability and inferior cycling stability induced by sluggish kinetics and severe volume changes during de/sodiation processes. Herein, a hierarchical composite consisting of a zinc‐cobalt bimetallic selenide yolk and nitrogen‐doped double carbon shell (denoted as ZnCoSe@NDC) is engineered and fabricated successfully. The architecture of the as‐fabricated material improves the Na‐ion storage performance via increasing the electron transfer kinetics, accommodating volume expansion, and mitigating the generation of by‐products. As expected, the ZnCoSe@NDC electrode delivers superior sodium storage performance with long cycling stability (344.5 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1 over 2000 long‐term cycles) and high‐rate performance (319.2 mAh g−1 at 10.0 A g−1). Meanwhile, the NVP@C//ZnCoSe@NDC full SIB cells are constructed successfully, retaining 96.3% of its initial capacity at 0.5A g−1 after 200 loops. The outstanding electrochemical performance and the construction of hybrid SIBs will have far‐reaching influences on the development of the various rechargeable batteries.
A yolk‐shell‐structured zinc‐cobalt binary metal selenide @ nitrogen‐doped dual carbon nanocomposite (Zn‐Co‐Se@NDC) is reported. The continuous nitrogen‐doped carbon shell and internal voids can promote the ionic/electron transport and stabilize structures of electrodes upon cycling. When used as a promising anode for sodium ion batteries, the hybrid composites manifest superior electrochemical performance with high reversible capacity, long‐term cyclic stability and excellent rate capability.
Abstract
Cu
δ+
sites on the surface of oxide-derived copper (OD-Cu) are of vital importance in electrochemical CO
2
reduction reaction (CO
2
RR). However, the underlying reason for the dynamically ...existing Cu
δ+
species, although thermodynamically unstable under reductive CO
2
RR conditions, remains uncovered. Here, by using electron paramagnetic resonance, we identify the highly oxidative hydroxyl radicals (OH
•
) formed at room temperature in HCO
3
-
solutions. In combination with in situ Raman spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and isotope-labelling, we demonstrate a dynamic reduction/reoxidation behavior at the surface of OD-Cu and reveal that the fast oxygen exchange between HCO
3
-
and H
2
O provides oxygen sources for the formation of OH
•
radicals. In addition, their continuous generations can cause spontaneous oxidation of Cu electrodes and produce surface CuO
x
species. Significantly, this work suggests that there is a “seesaw-effect” between the cathodic reduction and the OH
•
-induced reoxidation, determining the chemical state and content of Cu
δ+
species in CO
2
RR. This insight is supposed to thrust an understanding of the crucial role of electrolytes in CO
2
RR.
•Triboelectric air filtration system(TAFS) for active air purification proposed.•High filtration efficiency against particulate matter and bacteria.•Triboelectric air filtration system can be removed ...99 % PM2.5 within 30 min.•TAFS can be used for outdoor self-powered removal of particulate matter.
Air pollution is becoming more and more serious, which has a huge impact on human production and life. Dust particulate matter (PM) is one of the main pollutants in the air, threatening human life and health. In this work, a triboelectric air filtration system (TAFS) based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) was developed for active removal of outdoor PM2.5 and harmful bacteria. The TAFS consists of a layer of industrial filter media (filter cotton or sponge) and a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Due to frictional electrification effect of these two layers, the filtration efficiency of the low-efficiency and low-resistance filter material for particulate matter is greatly improved. The filtration efficiencies of PM1.0 and PM2.5 are increased by 20 %-40 %. Moreover, the frictional positive charge also greatly improves the interception efficiency of the material against Staphylococcus aureus. A self-priming air filtration system composed of an air pump and TENG are used to remove PM2.5 up to 99 % in a confined space filled with cigarettes for 30 min. In addition, the wind cup design makes the system take full advantage of the wind energy in the environment, realizing self-power supply, zero carbon emission and high efficiency and environmental protection. The self-powered TAFS can be used in outdoor dusty construction sites, dust factories, sand and haze weather and other places to remove particulate pollution. This work also provides a novel self-powered air purification strategy.
Abstract
Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel β-coronavirus, causes severe pneumonia and has spread throughout the globe rapidly. The disease associated ...with SARS-CoV-2 infection is named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To date, real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the only test able to confirm this infection. However, the accuracy of RT-PCR depends on several factors; variations in these factors might significantly lower the sensitivity of detection.
Methods
In this study, we developed a peptide-based luminescent immunoassay that detected immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM. The assay cutoff value was determined by evaluating the sera from healthy and infected patients for pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2.
Results
To evaluate assay performance, we detected IgG and IgM in the sera from confirmed patients. The positive rate of IgG and IgM was 71.4% and 57.2%, respectively.
Conclusions
Therefore, combining our immunoassay with real-time RT-PCR might enhance the diagnostic accuracy of COVID-19.
A peptide-based magnetic chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was developed; 71.4% (197 of 276) and 57.2% (158 of 276) of the COVID-19 inpatients were positive for IgG and IgM against SARS-CoV-2.
The relationship between psychological stress, altered skin immunity, and autophagy-related genes (ATGs) is currently unclear. Psoriasis is a chronic skin inflammation of unclear etiology that is ...characterized by persistence and recurrence. Immune dysregulation and emotional disturbances are recognized as significant risk factors. Emerging clinical evidence suggests a possible connection between anxiety disorders, heightened immune system activation, and altered skin immunity, offering a fresh perspective on the initiation of psoriasis. The aim of this study was to explore the potential shared biological mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of psoriasis and anxiety disorders. Psoriasis and anxiety disorders data were obtained from the GEO database. A list of 3254 ATGs was obtained from the public database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by taking the intersection of DEGs between psoriasis and anxiety disorder samples and the list of ATGs. Five machine learning algorithms used screening hub genes. The ROC curve was performed to evaluate diagnostic performance. Then, GSEA, immune infiltration analysis, and network analysis were carried out. The Seurat and Monocle algorithms were used to depict T-cell evolution. Cellchat was used to infer the signaling pathway between keratinocytes and immune cells. Four key hub genes were identified as diagnostic genes related to psoriasis autophagy. Enrichment analysis showed that these genes are indeed related to T cells, autophagy, and immune regulation, and have good diagnostic efficacy validated. Using single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, we expanded our understanding of key cellular participants, including inflammatory keratinocytes and their interactions with immune cells. We found that the CASP7 gene is involved in the T-cell development process, and correlated with γδ T cells, warranting further investigation. We found that anxiety disorders are related to increased autophagy regulation, immune dysregulation, and inflammatory response, and are reflected in the onset and exacerbation of skin inflammation. The hub gene is involved in the process of immune signaling and immune regulation. The CASP7 gene, which is related with the development and differentiation of T cells, deserves further study. Potential biomarkers between psoriasis and anxiety disorders were identified, which are expected to aid in the prediction of disease diagnosis and the development of personalized treatments.
Survival with Cemiplimab in Recurrent Cervical Cancer Tewari, Krishnansu S; Monk, Bradley J; Vergote, Ignace ...
New England journal of medicine/The New England journal of medicine,
02/2022, Letnik:
386, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Patients with recurrent cervical cancer have a poor prognosis. Cemiplimab, the fully human programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)-blocking antibody approved to treat lung and skin cancers, has been shown to ...have preliminary clinical activity in this population.
In this phase 3 trial, we enrolled patients who had disease progression after first-line platinum-containing chemotherapy, regardless of their programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) status. Women were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive cemiplimab (350 mg every 3 weeks) or the investigator's choice of single-agent chemotherapy. The primary end point was overall survival. Progression-free survival and safety were also assessed.
A total of 608 women were enrolled (304 in each group). In the overall trial population, median overall survival was longer in the cemiplimab group than in the chemotherapy group (12.0 months vs. 8.5 months; hazard ratio for death, 0.69; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.56 to 0.84; two-sided P<0.001). The overall survival benefit was consistent in both histologic subgroups (squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma including adenosquamous carcinoma). Progression-free survival was also longer in the cemiplimab group than in the chemotherapy group in the overall population (hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.89; two-sided P<0.001). In the overall population, an objective response occurred in 16.4% (95% CI, 12.5 to 21.1) of the patients in the cemiplimab group, as compared with 6.3% (95% CI, 3.8 to 9.6) in the chemotherapy group. An objective response occurred in 18% (95% CI, 11 to 28) of the cemiplimab-treated patients with PD-L1 expression greater than or equal to 1% and in 11% (95% CI, 4 to 25) of those with PD-L1 expression of less than 1%. Overall, grade 3 or higher adverse events occurred in 45.0% of the patients who received cemiplimab and in 53.4% of those who received chemotherapy.
Survival was significantly longer with cemiplimab than with single-agent chemotherapy among patients with recurrent cervical cancer after first-line platinum-containing chemotherapy. (Funded by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and Sanofi; EMPOWER-Cervical 1/GOG-3016/ENGOT-cx9 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03257267.).
Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic with no licensed vaccine or specific antiviral agents for therapy. Little is known about the longitudinal dynamics of ...severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in patients with COVID-19.
Methods
Blood samples (n = 173) were collected from 30 patients with COVID-19 over a 3-month period after symptom onset and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2–specific NAbs using the lentiviral pseudotype assay, coincident with the levels of IgG and proinflammatory cytokines.
Results
SARS-CoV-2–specific NAb titers were low for the first 7–10 days after symptom onset and increased after 2–3 weeks. The median peak time for NAbs was 33 days (interquartile range IQR, 24–59 days) after symptom onset. NAb titers in 93.3% (28/30) of the patients declined gradually over the 3-month study period, with a median decrease of 34.8% (IQR, 19.6–42.4%). NAb titers increased over time in parallel with the rise in immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels, correlating well at week 3 (r = 0.41, P < .05). The NAb titers also demonstrated a significant positive correlation with levels of plasma proinflammatory cytokines, including stem cell factor (SCF), TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF).
Conclusions
These data provide useful information regarding dynamic changes in NAbs in patients with COVID-19 during the acute and convalescent phases.
The rhizobacterial strain BJ3 showed 16S rDNA sequence similarity to species within the Burkholderia genus. Its complete genome sequence revealed a 97% match with Burkholderia contaminans and ...uncovered gene clusters essential for plant-growth-promoting traits (PGPTs). These clusters include genes responsible for producing indole acetic acid (IAA), osmolytes, non-ribosomal peptides (NRPS), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), siderophores, lipopolysaccharides, hydrolytic enzymes, and spermidine. Additionally, the genome contains genes for nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization, as well as a gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase. The treatment with BJ3 enhanced root architecture, boosted vegetative growth, and accelerated early flowering in Arabidopsis. Treated seedlings also showed increased lignin production and antioxidant capabilities, as well as notably increased tolerance to water deficit and high salinity. An RNA-seq transcriptome analysis indicated that BJ3 treatment significantly activated genes related to immunity induction, hormone signaling, and vegetative growth. It specifically activated genes involved in the production of auxin, ethylene, and salicylic acid (SA), as well as genes involved in the synthesis of defense compounds like glucosinolates, camalexin, and terpenoids. The expression of AP2/ERF transcription factors was markedly increased. These findings highlight BJ3’s potential to produce various bioactive metabolites and its ability to activate auxin, ethylene, and SA signaling in Arabidopsis, positioning it as a new Burkholderia strain that could significantly improve plant growth, stress resilience, and immune function.
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