During paranasal sinus X-ray examinations in children, the radiological technologist's thyroid shield is often not implemented to shorten the examination time. This study measured the radiation ...exposure before and after the implementation of thyroid shielding by analyzing the difference in radiation exposure, the radiological technologist's could receive depending on the actual thyroid shielding. In the left TLD, when thyroid shielding was not performed(N), the radiation exposure dose(mSv) was 2.869 for the depth doseHp(10) and 2.886 for the surface doseH(3), and when thyroid shielding was performed(Y), the Hp(10) was 0.033 and the H(3) was 0.034. In the right TLD, when thyroid shielding was not performed(N), the radiation exposure dose was 3.149 for Hp(10) and 3.137 for H(3), and when thyroid shielding was performed, the Hp(10) of (Y) was 0.013 and the H(3) was 0.015. The differences in the overall exposure dose measurement values are all statistically significant (p<0.05). The difference in radiation dose between when thyroid shielding was not performed and when thyroid shielding was performed was more than 99.2% in both cases, indicating a high radiation shielding rate.
In the present paper, an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for multimodal function optimization is proposed. The new algorithm, named auto-tuning multigrouped PSO (AT-MGPSO) ...algorithm mimics natural phenomena in ecosystem such as territorial dispute between different group members and immigration of weak groups, resulting in automatic determination of the size of each group's territory and robust convergence. The usefulness of the proposed algorithm is verified by the application to a specially designed test function and a practical electromagnetic optimization problem.
A highly emissive, optically active poly(diphenylacetylene) derivative, NpSi*-PDPA, was synthesized by introducing a bulky chiral pendant group into the polymer chain. NpSi*-PDPA exists in a glassy ...state having a highly disordered and amorphous structure. Hence, the fractional free volume is quite high, i.e., 0.29. NpSi*-PDPA emits a green light in solution and a yellow light in film. This polymer is quite emissive, as the photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield is 56.1% in solution and 6.2% in film, and the PL lifetime is relatively long, 1.71 ns in solution and 1.05 ns in film. NpSi*-PDPA shows the strongest circular dichroism (CD) signal at 384 nm, with a magnitude of circular polarization (g CD) of 0.90 × 10–3 and an optical rotation of 110° (4.30 × 10–3 g mL–1, in CHCl3). The CD intensity is significantly increased by annealing at 80 °C, reaching an equilibrium at g CD of 7.10 × 10–3 after 72 h.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different pecking depth on the stress generated by the screw-in forces of a rotating endodontic file in simulated canals.
Twenty simulated resin ...blocks with a J-shaped curvature were used. Twenty OneG files (MicroMega, Besançon, France) were assigned for a screw-in test depending on the pecking depth in 2 groups (n = 10). The files were operated at 300 rpm, and the up and down speed was controlled at 1 mm/s stroke velocity and a 10-millisecond dwell time using a customized device. The distances (pecking depth) for the pecking motion were 2 mm or 4 mm for each group; “6 mm forward and 4 mm backward” and “6 mm forward and 2 mm backward” movements were applied, respectively, for the 2 pecking groups. During the operation, the positive and negative apical loads were recorded at a rate of 50 Hz using customized software attached to the device. The maximum negative apical load (screw-in force SF) was recorded, and the total energy during pecking motion until the file reached the working length (cumulative screw-in forces CSFs) was computed. The data were analyzed using an independent t test at a significance level of 95%.
No significant difference in SF was found between the 2 groups of pecking depths. However, the longer pecking depth (4-mm group) showed a significantly larger CSF compared with the shorter pecking depth group (P < .05).
The shorter pecking depth may generate lower overall stresses for the root dentin as well as the instrument.
•The stress generated by screw-in forces (SFs) with different pecking depths was evaluated.•The length of the pecking motion was 2 mm or 4 mm.•The maximum negative apical load was recorded and cumulative screw-in force (CSF) was computed.•The longer pecking depth (4-mm group) showed a significantly higher CSF than the shorter group.
UBA6‐specific E2 conjugation enzyme 1 (USE1) is frequently overexpressed in lung cancer patients. Moreover, the critical role of USE1 in the progression of human lung cancer is also indicated. As the ...next step, the authors aim to develop USE1‐targeted therapeutic agents based on RNA interference (RNAi). In this study, a lipid‐modified DNA carrier, namely U4T, which consists of four consecutive dodec‐1‐ynyluracil (U) nucleobases to increase the cell permeability of siRNA targeting of USE1 is introduced. The U4Ts aggregate to form micelles, and the USE1‐silencing siRNA‐incorporated soft spherical nucleic acid aggregate (siSNA) can be created simply through base‐pairing with siRNA. Treatment with siSNA is effective in suppressing tumor growth in vivo as well as cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells. Furthermore, siSNA inhibited tumor cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and apoptosis. Thus, the anti‐tumor efficacy of siSNA in lung cancer cell lines and that siSNA possesses effective cell‐penetrating ability without using cationic transfection moieties are confirmed. Collectively, these results suggest that siSNA can be applied to the clinical application of RNAi‐based therapeutics for lung cancer treatment.
UBA6‐specific E2 conjugation enzyme 1 (USE1) is significantly overexpressed in lung cancer patients. The USE1‐targeted RNA has anti‐tumor efficacy through USE1 knockdown. siSNA consisting of lipid‐DNA as carrier and siRNA is developed and is simply created by aggregation and base‐paring. Thus, this research suggests that siSNA treatment can be effective in clinical applications for lung cancer therapy.
Gene Therapy
In article 2202358, Minseok Kwak, Peter Chang‐Whan Lee, and co‐workers show effective tumor suppression using RNAi with just three DNA and RNA strands. This transfection reagent‐free ...technique self‐assembles siRNAs and covers DNA micelles to create nanomedicine for lung cancer. Raw data files are used to create a montage background, recognizing the work of graduate students.
Recently, the demand for 3b/cell NAND flash has been increasing due to a strong market shift from 2b/cell to 3b/cell in NAND flash applications, such as USB disk drives, memory cards, MP3 players and ...digital still cameras that require cost effective flash memory. To further expand the 3b/cell market, high write and read performances are essential. Moreover, the device reliability requirements for these applications is a challenge due to continuing NAND scaling to sub-30nm pitches that increases cell-to-cell interference and disturbance. We present a high reliability 64Gb 3b/cell NAND flash with 7MB/s write rate and 200Mb/s asynchronous DDR interface in a 20m-node technology that helps to meet the expanding market demand and application requirement.
Desmoid tumors are rare soft tissue tumors considered to have locally infiltrative features without distant metastasis until now. Although they are most commonly intraabdominal, very few cases have ...extra-abdominal locations. The origin of intrathoracic desmoid tumors is predominantly the chest wall with occasional involvement of pleura. True intrathoracic primary desmoid tumors with no involvement of the chest wall or pleura are extremely rare. We recently experienced a case of true intrathoracic desmoid tumor presenting as multiple lung nodules at 13 years after resection of a previous intraabdominal desmoid tumor.
Data storage is one of the hottest discussion topics in today's connected world. The amount of data growth is expected to be exponential, while budget and space remain constricted. Since the ...transformation of storage device from planar NAND to 3D V-NAND 1, the areal density of semiconductor storage devices has continuously evolved and has surpassed the density of magnetic hard drives. By providing the largest storage capacity in the smallest footprint, 3D V-NAND has been leading the data center revolution in recent years. However, 3D-technology scaling faces several technical challenges 2. (1) As the number of WL stacks increases the channel-hole etch process becomes a limit, since the total WL-mold height increases. (2) Interference between cells increases since the distance between WLs becomes smaller. (3) Faster data transfer speeds are required to support higher IO bandwidth.
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