Public universities have sought to leverage innovation hubs as physical environments to enable new collaboration models and partnerships between students, academics, budding entrepreneurs, and wider ...industry. In particular, innovation hubs have allowed public universities to position themselves as active participants in the entrepreneurial arena. These innovation hubs, however, experienced a tremendous degree of disruption because of COVID-19-induced lockdowns, social distancing, closed borders, and a reduced number of persons allowed in a given space. Thus, it is essential to gain an understanding of how innovation hubs in public institutions have responded to these issues, ascertain the degree to which such disruption has impacted them, and identify the strategies that have allowed hubs to stay operational in such a disruptive environment. To do this, personnel involved in the management and administration of such hubs were interviewed, together with a selection of industry experts. This qualitative interrogation allowed a thematic analysis to be undertaken, thereby resulting in several emergent themes that contributed to identifying key learnings that could assist the operation of these innovation hubs in times of future disruption.
Background The obesogenic environment is hypothesized to increase obesity risk by discouraging physical activity and limiting the availability of healthy food. Purpose This research reports the ...prevalence of obesity and risk factors (physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption) by creating spatially smoothed maps and analyzing local autocorrelation and aims to examine associations of obesity and risk factors at the national level. Methods Data were obtained in 2008 from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for the years 2000–2006 aggregated to the county level. A weighted head-banging smoothing algorithm was used that effectively replaced the proportion of obesity and risk factors for each county with a weighted median that incorporates data from neighboring counties. Significant spatial clusters of obesity and risk factors were identified by a local Moran's I analysis. All analyses were performed in 2008–2009. Results A higher prevalence of obesity was generally found in the non-metro counties of the South, whereas lower prevalence was found in the West and the Northeast. A lower prevalence of leisure-time physical activity was generally found in the areas where obesity prevalence was higher and vice versa. A lower prevalence of fruit and vegetable consumption was found mainly in the non-metro counties of the South and the Great Plains. Conclusions The national patterns of obesity and associated risk factors obtained may reflect a unique set of meso-environmental drivers, including climate, land use, population density, and culture. Future research should address this regional variability and explicitly consider the spatial scales at which such environmental factors operate.
A core phthalocyanine platform allows engineering of the solubility properties the band gap, shifting the maximum absorption toward the red. A simple method for increasing the efficiency of ...heterojunction solar cells uses a self-organized blend of phthalocyanine chromophores fabricated by solution processing.
Governments throughout the world employ a variety of policy mechanisms to promote economy-enhancing innovation, although the embedding of SMEs in national systems of innovation has generally proved ...problematic. The Australian Cooperative Research Centres - Projects Program represents a recent attempt to do precisely this. Interviews with participants in the first two rounds of the Program report high levels of satisfaction, but also highlight potential for friction between SMEs and research providers, together with the opportunity for strategic manipulation. This study provides government officials and other stakeholders with preliminary recommendations regarding where the Program is succeeding, and where further vigilance may be required.
Despite the increasing attention paid to university-industry research collaborations (UICs) to drive national innovation agendas, little is known about to what degree the collaborative competence of ...participants is considered before the award of contracts. This article proposes that a definition of collaborative competence is required, that collaborative competence should be acknowledged when evaluating UIC proposals, and that an evaluative framework for collaborative competence is needed to enhance public value outcomes for UICs.
Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants have high morbidity and mortality, frequently due to invasive infections from bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The microbial communities present in the ...gastrointestinal tracts of preterm infants may serve as a reservoir for invasive organisms and remain poorly characterized. We used deep pyrosequencing to examine the gut-associated microbiome of 11 ELBW infants in the first postnatal month, with a first time determination of the eukaryote microbiota such as fungi and nematodes, including bacteria and viruses that have not been previously described. Among the fungi observed, Candida sp. and Clavispora sp. dominated the sequences, but a range of environmental molds were also observed. Surprisingly, seventy-one percent of the infant fecal samples tested contained ribosomal sequences corresponding to the parasitic organism Trichinella. Ribosomal DNA sequences for the roundworm symbiont Xenorhabdus accompanied these sequences in the infant with the greatest proportion of Trichinella sequences. When examining ribosomal DNA sequences in aggregate, Enterobacteriales, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus were the most abundant bacterial taxa in a low diversity bacterial community (mean Shannon-Weaver Index of 1.02 ± 0.69), with relatively little change within individual infants through time. To supplement the ribosomal sequence data, shotgun sequencing was performed on DNA from multiple displacement amplification (MDA) of total fecal genomic DNA from two infants. In addition to the organisms mentioned previously, the metagenome also revealed sequences for gram positive and gram negative bacteriophages, as well as human adenovirus C. Together, these data reveal surprising eukaryotic and viral microbial diversity in ELBW enteric microbiota dominated bytypes of bacteria known to cause invasive disease in these infants.
Objective
To evaluate clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes of patients who underwent bipolar osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCAT) of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ).
Design
...Prospectively collected data on 18 knees who underwent fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation of the patella and trochlea by a single surgeon were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were: high-grade chondral lesions of PFJ (5 knees), or recurrent patella dislocations with trochlear dysplasia and chondral injury to the patella and/or trochlea (13 knees). Functional scores were obtained preoperatively and at follow-up appointments included Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Oxford, Cincinnati, Tenger-Lysholm, visual analogue scale (VAS)–pain, and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE). Grafts were also evaluated using Osteochondral Allograft MRI Scoring System (OCAMRISS).
Results
Three patients were lost to follow-up, leaving 4 knees in group 1, and 11 knees in group 2. Average age was 28.9 years (range 16-52 years). The average follow-up was 33.2 months (range 12-64 months). There was significant improvement of KOOS (from 38.7 to 83.1), IKDC (from 28.2 to 76.6), Tegner-Lysholm (from 38.3 to 88.3), Oxford (from 22.7 to 42.9), Cincinnati (from 35.1 to 83.6), VAS (from 71 to 17.9.), and SANE (from 43.3 to 83) (P < 0.0001). The OCAMRISS score for patella was 2.23 and for trochlea 4.69. There were no revisions or conversions to arthroplasty
Conclusion
Bipolar OCAT of the patella and trochlea provide significant improvement in functional outcomes, relief from pain, activity level, and prevent recurrent instability.
The optimal time to initiate venous thromboembolism (VTE) chemoprophylaxis (VTEp) after blunt solid organ injury remains controversial, as VTE mitigation must be balanced against bleeding ...promulgation. Evidence from primarily small, retrospective, single-center work suggests that VTEp ≤48 hours is safe and effective. This study was undertaken to validate this clinical practice.
Blunt trauma patients presenting to 19 participating trauma centers in North America were screened over a 1-year study period beginning between August 1 and October 1, 2021. Inclusions were age older than 15 years; ≥1 liver, spleen, or kidney injury; and initial nonoperative management. Exclusions were transfers, emergency department death, pregnancy, and concomitant bleeding disorder/anticoagulation/antiplatelet medication. A priori power calculation stipulated the need for 1,158 patients. Time of VTEp initiation defined study groups: Early (≤48 hours of admission) versus Late (>48 hours). Bivariate and multivariable analyses compared outcomes.
In total, 1,173 patients satisfied the study criteria with 571 liver (49%), 557 spleen (47%), and 277 kidney injuries (24%). The median patient age was 34 years (interquartile range, 25-49 years), and 67% (n = 780) were male. The median Injury Severity Score was 22 (interquartile range, 14-29) with Abbreviated Injury Scale Abdomen score of 3 (interquartile range, 2-3), and the median American Association for the Surgery of Trauma grade of solid organ injury was 2 (interquartile range, 2-3). Early VTEp patients (n = 838 74%) had significantly lower rates of VTE (n = 28 3% vs. n = 21 7%, p = 0.008), comparable rates of nonoperative management failure (n = 21 3% vs. n = 12 4%, p = 0.228), and lower rates of post-VTEp blood transfusion (n = 145 17% vs. n = 71 23%, p = 0.024) when compared with Late VTEp patients (n = 301 26%). Late VTEp was independently associated with VTE (odd ratio, 2.251; p = 0.046).
Early initiation of VTEp was associated with significantly reduced rates of VTE with no increase in bleeding complications. Venous thromboembolism chemoprophylaxis initiation ≤48 hours is therefore safe and effective and should be the standard of care for patients with blunt solid organ injury.
Therapeutic and Care Management; Level III.
Purpose of Review
The purpose of this review was to establish the foundation of the major biologic adjuvants to rotator cuff repairs and review recent scientific findings.
Recent Findings
...Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) overall has no significant impact on functional outcomes and repair integrity, but may be more advantageous in small to medium tears. Further studies should focus on leukocyte-rich versus poor preparations and the use of PRP in patients that are high risk for repair failure. Biologic and synthetic patches or augments provide mechanical stability for large and massive rotator cuff tears and decrease re-tear rates. Mesenchymal stem cells have demonstrated improved healing rates without an impact on outcomes. Cytokines and growth factors show promise in animal models, but require human trials to further evaluate.
Summary
In massive or revision repairs, allograft or synthetic patch augmentation should be considered. Platelet-rich plasma may have benefit in smaller tears. Further studies are needed to evaluate the value of mesenchymal stem cells and various cytologic chemical signals.
PDF
