In this paper, we propose an attention pyramid method for person re-identification. Unlike conventional attention-based methods which only learn a global attention map, our attention pyramid exploits ...the attention regions in a multi-scale manner because human attention varies with different scales. Our attention pyramid imitates the process of human visual perception which tends to notice the foreground person over the cluttered background, and further focus on the specific color of the shirt with close observation. Specifically, we describe our attention pyramid by a "split-attend-merge-stack" principle. We first split the features into multiple local parts and learn the corresponding attentions. Then, we merge local attentions and stack these merged attentions with the residual connection as an attention pyramid. The proposed attention pyramid is a lightweight plug-and-play module that can be applied to off-the-shelf models. We implement our attention pyramid method in two different attention mechanisms including: channel-wise attention and spatial attention. We evaluate our method on four large-scale person re-identification benchmarks including Market-1501, DukeMTMC, CUHK03, and MSMT17. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our method, which outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by a large margin with limited computationa cost. Code is available at https://github.com/CHENGY12/APNet .
AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of diabetes and its risk factors.DesignPopulation based, cross sectional study.Setting31 provinces in mainland China with nationally representative cross ...sectional data from 2015 to 2017.Participants75 880 participants aged 18 and older—a nationally representative sample of the mainland Chinese population.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of diabetes among adults living in China, and the prevalence by sex, regions, and ethnic groups, estimated by the 2018 American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle, and history of disease were recorded by participants on a questionnaire. Anthropometric and clinical assessments were made of serum concentrations of fasting plasma glucose (one measurement), two hour plasma glucose, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).ResultsThe weighted prevalence of total diabetes (n=9772), self-reported diabetes (n=4464), newly diagnosed diabetes (n=5308), and prediabetes (n=27 230) diagnosed by the ADA criteria were 12.8% (95% confidence interval 12.0% to 13.6%), 6.0% (5.4% to 6.7%), 6.8% (6.1% to 7.4%), and 35.2% (33.5% to 37.0%), respectively, among adults living in China. The weighted prevalence of total diabetes was higher among adults aged 50 and older and among men. The prevalence of total diabetes in 31 provinces ranged from 6.2% in Guizhou to 19.9% in Inner Mongolia. Han ethnicity had the highest prevalence of diabetes (12.8%) and Hui ethnicity had the lowest (6.3%) among five investigated ethnicities. The weighted prevalence of total diabetes (n=8385) using the WHO criteria was 11.2% (95% confidence interval 10.5% to 11.9%).ConclusionThe prevalence of diabetes has increased slightly from 2007 to 2017 among adults living in China. The findings indicate that diabetes is an important public health problem in China.
Large scale epitaxial growth and transfer of monolayer MoS2 has attracted great attention in recent years. Here, we report the wafer-scale epitaxial growth of highly oriented continuous and uniform ...monolayer MoS2 films on single-crystalline sapphire wafers by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The epitaxial film is of high quality and stitched by many 0°, 60° domains and 60°-domain boundaries. Moreover, such wafer-scale monolayer MoS2 films can be transferred and stacked by a simple stamp-transfer process, and the substrate is reusable for subsequent growth. Our progress would facilitate the scalable fabrication of various electronic, valleytronic, and optoelectronic devices for practical applications.
Sorafenib is the first-line chemotherapeutic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, sorafenib resistance significantly limits its therapeutic efficacy, and the mechanisms ...underlying resistance have not been fully clarified. Here we report that a circular RNA, circRNA-SORE (a circular RNA upregulated in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells), plays a significant role in sorafenib resistance in HCC. We found that circRNA-SORE is upregulated in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells and depletion of circRNA-SORE substantially increases the cell-killing ability of sorafenib. Further studies revealed that circRNA-SORE binds the master oncogenic protein YBX1 in the cytoplasm, which prevents YBX1 nuclear interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase PRP19 and thus blocks PRP19-mediated YBX1 degradation. Moreover, our in vitro and in vivo results suggest that circRNA-SORE is transported by exosomes to spread sorafenib resistance among HCC cells. Using different HCC mouse models, we demonstrated that silencing circRNA-SORE by injection of siRNA could substantially overcome sorafenib resistance. Our study provides a proof-of-concept demonstration for a potential strategy to overcome sorafenib resistance in HCC patients by targeting circRNA-SORE or YBX1.
Most technologically important electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries are essentially lithium ions plus a transition-metal oxide framework. However, their atomic and electronic structure ...evolution during electrochemical cycling remains poorly understood. Here we report the in situ observation of the three-dimensional structural evolution of the transition-metal oxide framework in an all-solid-state battery. The in situ studies LiNi
Mn
O
from various zone axes reveal the evolution of both atomic and electronic structures during delithiation, which is found due to the migration of oxygen and transition-metal ions. Ordered to disordered structural transition proceeds along the , , directions and inhomogeneous structural evolution along the direction. Uneven extraction of lithium ions leads to localized migration of transition-metal ions and formation of antiphase boundaries. Dislocations facilitate transition-metal ions migration as well. Theoretical calculations suggest that doping of lower valence-state cations effectively stabilize the structure during delithiation and inhibit the formation of boundaries.
The alternative assessment and decision-making are often complicated and involve enormous decision makers (DMs), which leads to a large group decision making (LGDM) problem, and usually requires to ...reach consensus within a limited time. As a powerful technique in representing linguistic evaluations, the probabilistic linguistic term set is popular to express the opinions of DMs. Under this scenario, DMs who support the same linguistic term are naturally clustered into one subgroup, whereas the distance formulas are inappropriate because whether the DM supports a linguistic term is a dichotomous variable; therefore, Tanimoto coefficient is introduced to calculate the group consensus level. Additionally, an efficient consensus model is proposed to bridge the gap between the subgroup and group opinions. In particular, a weight adjustment function is proposed to process the minority opinions. A novel method including minor and major adjustment manner is proposed to manage the noncooperative behaviors. DMs are allowed to recluster into another subgroup for major adjustment manner; on the contrary, the adjustment direction and quantities are provided for minor adjustment manner. A case study of forest fire emergency decision-making is explored and a simulation is conducted to verify the proposed consensus model in the LGDM problem. The proposed consensus model is suitable for situations where the subgroup and group decision matrices are subject to preference selections and can be applied in other decision problems.
We report a method for in situ atomic-scale observation of electrochemical delithiation in a working all-solid-state battery using a state-of-the-art chip based in situ transmission electron ...microscopy (TEM) holder and focused ion beam milling to prepare an all-solid-state lithium-ion battery sample. A battery consisting of LiCoO2 cathode, LLZO solid state electrolyte and gold anode was constructed, delithiated and observed in an aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscope at atomic scale. We found that the pristine single crystal LiCoO2 became nanosized polycrystal connected by coherent twin boundaries and antiphase domain boundaries after high voltage delithiation. This is different from liquid electrolyte batteries, where a series of phase transitions take place at LiCoO2 cathode during delithiation. Both grain boundaries become more energy favorable along with extraction of lithium ions through theoretical calculation. We also proposed a lithium migration pathway before and after polycrystallization. This new methodology could stimulate atomic scale in situ scanning/TEM studies of battery materials and provide important mechanistic insight for designing better all-solid-state battery.
•A novel knowledge-centric innovative service design model is proposed.•The model integrated case-based reasoning and TRIZ method to generate abundant ideas.•CBR and TRIZ contradiction analysis are ...conducted to construct a functional knowledge hierarchy.•Quality function deployment analysis is conducted to evaluate and determine new service functions.•The case study of developing a new shopping navigation service for a shopping mall are presented.
Aiming at accelerating customized innovative service design, a novel knowledge-centric innovative service design (KISD) model is proposed through integrating memory-oriented-method case-based reasoning (CBR) and non-memory-oriented-method theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) to generate abundant ideas efficiently. Based on KISD, three key design approach phases are integrated: domain requirement acquisition (DRA), knowledge-centric resolution generation (KRG), and customized design knowledge-reasoning (CDK) phases. In the DRA phase, customer knowledge hierarchy is adopted to elicit customer requirements. In the KRG phase, CBR and TRIZ contradiction analysis are conducted and innovation principles are generated for constructing a functional knowledge hierarchy. In the CDK phase, quality function deployment analysis is conducted to evaluate and determine suitable new service functions. The case study of designing and developing a new shopping navigation service system for a shopping mall are presented to demonstrate the approach in practice. An empirical verification is conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed approach and the satisfaction of the service.
Emerging for future spintronic/electronic applications, magnetic semiconductors have stimulated intense interest due to their promises for new functionalities and device concepts. So far, the ...so-called diluted magnetic semiconductors attract many attentions, yet it remains challenging to increase their Curie temperatures above room temperature, particularly those based on III-V semiconductors. In contrast to the concept of doping magnetic elements into conventional semiconductors to make diluted magnetic semiconductors, here we propose to oxidize originally ferromagnetic metals/alloys to form new species of magnetic semiconductors. We introduce oxygen into a ferromagnetic metallic glass to form a Co
Fe
Ta
B
O
magnetic semiconductor with a Curie temperature above 600 K. The demonstration of p-n heterojunctions and electric field control of the room-temperature ferromagnetism in this material reflects its p-type semiconducting character, with a mobility of 0.1 cm
V
s
. Our findings may pave a new way to realize high Curie temperature magnetic semiconductors with unusual multifunctionalities.
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