The article first proposes a reflection on the status quo of classroom teaching in public universities, selects a large number of educational scenes, and analyzes these selected educational concepts ...in detail from a theoretical perspective. Through the establishment of a teaching quality monitoring system based on careful observation and analysis, several major problems in public university classrooms have been discovered: poor classroom interaction mode, single classroom interaction mode, low classroom interaction efficiency, and inefficient classroom interaction feedback. Specific manifestations include the alienation of teacher-student relationship, insufficient student coverage, lack of interaction channels, lack of interaction context, only formalized teacher-student interaction, low impact, and simplification of teacher-student interaction. Summarizing the causes of classroom interaction problems, the article summarizes three factors: teachers, students, and the macro environment. In the experiment, 85% of the students thought that the teacher-student relationship was relatively ordinary. Among the 11 students who participated in the experiment, 60% of the students were very active in interactive classroom discussions. Therefore, based on the analysis of problems and factors, the article puts forward an optimization strategy to create a classroom interaction atmosphere, improve classroom interaction mode, improve classroom interaction efficiency, and strengthen classroom interaction feedback. In particular, it promotes the integration of teacher-student relationship, emphasizes the role of students, improves the level of classroom interaction, creates conditions for classroom interaction, improves teacher-student interaction control ability, enhances student interactive speech ability, strengthens error correction and feedback, and increases multiple feedback methods.
•A multi-component reactive transport model was developed for MAR assessment.•River water and groundwater interactions affect aquifer geochemical evolution.•Preferential flow path could exacerbate ...contaminant migration during MAR.•Regular monitoring is required due to significant geochemical change during MAR.
Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) has been applied for groundwater restoration as an effective strategy in many overdraft regions. In Jinan, China, MAR through river infiltration was conducted regularly in recent years because of the most famous spring groups’ drying up due to continuous decline of groundwater level caused by extensive pumping. A substantial rise of water table (∼20 m) has been observed near the river, however, the potential change in groundwater quality and geochemistry during MAR process remains unknown. In this study, a flow and multi-component reactive transport model was developed to evaluate the impact of MAR on chemical reaction processes and the response of groundwater quality to the interaction of river water and groundwater. The geochemical conditions of the river water and groundwater are significantly different, as river water contained more dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and less nitrate than groundwater did in the study area with intensive agricultural activity. This study revealed that nitrate dilution rather than denitrification was the main process responsible for observed groundwater quality change during MAR. Preferential flow occurring in the aquifer resulted in strong spatial variability of nitrate concentrations in the groundwater. River water DOC, aquifer hydraulic conductivity distribution, and river-aquifer hydrodynamic conditions can all affect the redox condition in the riparian zone by changing either reaction rate or residence time. The results from this study indicate that groundwater geochemistry can be significantly altered during MAR, suggesting the importance of regular monitoring plan to assess the changes in groundwater quality, especially in the area where river sediments are rich in organic carbon. Such monitoring and reactive transport modeling analysis is critical to ensuring that the adverse impact on groundwater quality by potential MAR operations be kept to a minimum.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a preclinical phase that can last for decades prior to clinical dementia onset. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is regarded as the last preclinical AD stage prior to ...the development of amnestic mild cognitive decline (aMCI) and AD dementia (d-AD). The analysis of brain structural networks based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has identified the so-called 'rich club', a set of cortical regions highly connected to each other, with other regions referred to as peripheral. It has been reported that rich club architecture is affected by regional atrophy and connectivity, which are reduced in patients with aMCI and d-AD.
We recruited 62 normal controls, 47 SCD patients, 60 aMCI patients and 55 d-AD patients and collected DTI data to analyze rich-club organization.
We demonstrated that rich club organization was disrupted, with reduced structural connectivity among rich club nodes, in aMCI and d-AD patients but remained stable in SCD patients. In addition, SCD, aMCI and d-AD patients showed similar patterns of disrupted peripheral regions and reduced connectivity involving these regions, suggesting that peripheral regions might contribute to cognitive decline and that disruptions here could be regarded as an early marker of SCD. This organization could provide the fundamental structural architecture for complex cognitive functions and explain the low prevalence of cognitive problems in SCD patients.
These findings reveal a disrupted pattern of the AD connectome that starts in peripheral regions and then hierarchically propagates to rich club regions, when patients show clinical symptoms. This pattern provides evidence that disruptions in rich club organization are a key factor in the progression of AD that can dynamically reflect the progression of AD, thus representing a potential biomarker for early diagnosis.
Display omitted
•It’s the first time to find that oxidized chlorophylls are micellarizated.•Chlorophylls a and c are better micellarizated than chlorophyll b.•Nori chlorophylls are the most ...bioaccessible compared with those in Sea Lettuce and Kombu.•Pheophorbide c is the most Caco-2 cell absorbable chlorophyll derivative.•It’s the first time to find that chlorophyll oxidation occurs during cell absorption.
For the first time, the uptake of chlorophyll pigments from the main edible seaweeds (Nori, Sea Lettuce and Wakame) has been investigated. During the micellarisation process, dephytylated chlorophylls were favoured over phytylated chlorophylls (a and c series were favoured over b series and oxidised chlorophylls were preferentially micellarised). This is the first time chlorophyll b derivatives have been found to be resistant to the in vitro digestion of the food matrix, indicating they are also potentially absorbable by enterocytes during the ingestion of green vegetables and fruits. Nori chlorophylls stand out as the most bioaccessible, followed by those in Sea Lettuce and Kombu. During the Caco-2 cell absorption process, dephytylated chlorophyll derivatives were also favoured over phytylated ones, with pheophorbide c being the most absorbable chlorophyll pigment. It is also the first time that chlorophyll oxidation reactions have been observed during cell absorption. The uptake of chlorophyll derivatives from edible seaweeds resulted in Caco-2 cell lines with a chlorophyll profile dominated by dephytylated and oxidised derivatives.
We identified a PSEN1 (presenilin 1) mutation carrier from the world's largest autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease kindred, who did not develop mild cognitive impairment until her seventies, three ...decades after the expected age of clinical onset. The individual had two copies of the APOE3 Christchurch (R136S) mutation, unusually high brain amyloid levels and limited tau and neurodegenerative measurements. Our findings have implications for the role of APOE in the pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
The thermostability of carotenoids and capsaicinoids in a butter model (B), a rapeseed oil model (RO) and a blended model (BRO) was investigated under heating at 120–180 °C. The kinetic deterioration ...rate of each compound was described by a first-order kinetic model, while changes in L*, a*, and b* values were fitted to a zero-order model. Moreover, based on activation energy (Ea), the most and least temperature-sensitive oil models were B and RO, respectively. Across all oil models, carotenoid rate constants could be ordered as kcapsanthin > kzeaxanthin > kβ-cryptoxanthin > kβ-carotene > kcapsorubin, and color index values could be ordered as ka > kb > kL. The Ea values of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in RO were 52.77 and 51.78 kJ/mol, respectively. Our results suggest that the stability of carotenoids and capsaicinoids can be influenced by the oxidizability and antioxidant content of oil.
•Degradation of carotenoids and capsaicinoids fits a first-order kinetic model.•Hotpot oil color-change values fit a zero-order kinetic model.•Carotenoids and capsaicinoids were most sensitive in the rapeseed oil model (RO).•The oxidative stability of the oil affected the color and capsaicinoids stability.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia. Currently, no treatment exists to slow down or stop the progression of AD. There is converging ...belief that disease-modifying treatments should focus on early stages of the disease, that is, the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and preclinical stages. Making a diagnosis of AD and offering a prognosis (likelihood of converting to AD) at these early stages are challenging tasks but possible with the help of multimodality imaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission topography (PET), amyloid-PET, and recently introduced tau-PET, which provides different but complementary information. This article is a focused review of existing research in the recent decade that used statistical machine learning and artificial intelligence methods to perform quantitative analysis of multimodality image data for diagnosis and prognosis of AD at the MCI or preclinical stages. We review the existing work in 3 subareas: diagnosis, prognosis, and methods for handling modality-wise missing data—a commonly encountered problem when using multimodality imaging for prediction or classification. Factors contributing to missing data include lack of imaging equipment, cost, difficulty of obtaining patient consent, and patient drop-off (in longitudinal studies). Finally, we summarize our major findings and provide some recommendations for potential future research directions.
•“Pheophorbidation” reactions were observed for the first time during in vitro digestion of chls.•During in vitro digestion, chls were more oxidized than pheophorbides and pheophytins.•The digestive ...stability of chl c derivatives were determined for the first time.•Extracellular structure of seaweeds determines the in vitro digestion recovery of chls.
The three most common edible seaweeds, Nori (Porphyra umbilicalis), Sea Lettuce (Ulva sp.) and Kombu (Laminaria ochroleuca), were subjected for the first time to an in vitro digestion process in order to study the digestive stability and recovery of chlorophyll pigments of the a, b and c series. Due to the complex and diverse chlorophyll profile in these seaweeds, new principles regarding the behaviour of chlorophylls during the in vitro digestion were obtained. Thus, the in vitro digestion conditions favoured the pheophytinisation reaction of the a series in comparison with the b and c series; oxidation reactions were promoted for chlorophylls instead of pheophorbides and pheophytins; the conversion of pheophytin to pheophorbide was observed for the first time during in vitro digestion and only occurred when the initial chlorophyll profile contained a large proportion of pheophytins. The extracellular matrix of the seaweeds was the main determining factor in the recovery of pigments after in vitro digestion, with significant differences between seaweed species. The novel chlorophyll behaviour observed for digestive, stability and recovery patterns obtained in the present work are applicable to other food matrices.
Highlights • Multi-modality classification on 113 AD, 110 MCI patients and 117 normal controls. • Originally single-modality SRC was extended as a multi-modality framework (wmSRC). • The wmSRC ...performed better than each single-modality based SRC method. • The wmSRC performed better or equally well compared to MKL, RF and JRC.
When the solar-storage DC microgrid operates in islanded mode, the battery needs to stabilize the bus voltage and keep the state of charge (SOC) balanced in order to extend the service life of the ...battery and the islanded operation time. When there are multiple energy storage units in the DC microgrid, it is necessary to solve the problem of unbalanced circulation and the state of charge between batteries using a reasonable droop control method. In this paper, firstly, the DC–DC charging and discharging circuit of the battery is designed, and the unbalanced SOC of the battery caused by the different impedances of the line is analyzed. Secondly, an adaptive droop control method is proposed to solve the problems of SOC imbalance and current circulation between the batteries. Thirdly, based on MATLAB/SIMULINK R2021b simulation software, the proposed control method is modeled and simulated. Compared with the traditional droop control, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated.
PDF
