Sniffing with mass spectrometry Chen, Miao-Miao; Su, Hai-Feng; Xie, Ying ...
Science bulletin (Beijing),
10/2018, Letnik:
63, Številka:
20
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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Gaseous compounds are usually on-line detectable on sensors. The limitations of conventional sensors are suffering from incapability for exactly identifying multiple components as ...well as incompatibility to possible toxicants in every odor sample. Herein, we discuss an inlet modification to the laboratory standard mass spectrometer, inspired by the sensitive olfactory systems of animals, for direct sniffing, established by connecting a mini pump to the nebulizer gas tubing. The modified mass spectrometry method—sniffing-mass spectrometry (sniffing-MS)—can acquire detailed fingerprint spectra of mixed odors and shows high tolerance to toxicants. Furthermore, the method has a low limit of detection in the order of parts per trillion and is a ‘sampling-free’ technique for analyzing various gaseous compounds simultaneously, thus offering versatility for smelling daily commodities, tracking diffusion, and locating position of odors. Sniffing-MS can mimic or even surpass the olfaction of animals and is applicable for analyzing gaseous/volatile compounds, especially those polar compounds, in a simple manner depending on the intrinsic molecular mass-to-charge ratio.
The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between visceral fat area (VFA) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the context of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) within Ningbo, China.
...The data of a total of 3,707 subjects with T2DM treated at The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University were enrolled. The existence and severity of diabetic retinopathy were assessed by employing the 45° two-field stereoscopic digital photography. Subjects were categorized into four distinct groups: those without DR (NDR), individuals with mild non-proliferative DR (mild NPDR), people with moderate non-proliferative DR (moderate NPDR), and those suffering from vision-threatening DR (VTDR). Bio-electrical impedance was employed to estimate the Visceral fat area (VFA). Multinomial logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate the association between VFA and DR.
The mean VFA in patients without diabetic retinopathy (NDR) was notably lower compared to that of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) (85.21 ± 37.78 vs. 97.37 ± 44.58 cm
,
< 0.001). As the severity of DR increased, VFA increased gradually but insignificantly (94.41 ± 43.13 cm
, 96.75 ± 40.82 cm
, 100.84 ± 49.34 cm
,
= 0.294). After adjusting the confounding factors, there was an association identified between VFA and the occurrence of DR (OR = 1.020, 95% CI = 1.016-1.024). It showed that regardless of BMI, whether it's less than 25 kg/m
or greater than or equal to 25 kg/m
, a higher VFA (≥100 cm
) level came with a higher prevalence of DR (
< 0.001).
The outcomes of this research indicate a modest association between VFA and the incidence of DR among Chinese patients who have been diagnosed with T2DM in Ningbo.
The most commonly used measures for evaluating the competing mutual funds are “Treynor Ratio”, “Sharpe Ratio” and “Jensen’s Alpha”. One also uses another measure called the “Information Ratio”. ...However, it is not clear which measure is the most robust. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the performance of mutual funds under the broad framework of multi-attribute decision analysis approach where each criterion can be taken into consideration in making a final ranking of the mutual funds. In this paper we adopt the concepts of “Ideal” and “Anti-Ideal” solutions as suggested by
Hwang and Yoon (1981), and study the extended technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) method using two different “distance” ideas, namely – “Minkowski’s
L
λ
metric” and “Mahalanobis” distances. The broad framework with the two aforementioned distances is then applied to evaluate the performance of 82 Taiwanese mutual funds for consecutive 34 months. The empirical results show that using TOPSIS methods incorporated Minkowski’s distance measure to evaluate the mutual funds’ performance perform well.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is now widely acknowledged as a low-grade inflammatory condition, in which the intrinsic immune system plays a significant role in its pathogenesis. While the involvement of ...macrophages and T cells in the development of OA has been extensively reviewed, recent research has provided mounting evidence supporting the crucial contribution of NK cells in both the initiation and advancement of OA. Accumulated evidence has emerged in recent years indicating that NK cells play a critical role in OA development and progression. This review will outline the ongoing understanding of the utility of NK cells in the etiology of OA, focusing on how NK cells interact with chondrocytes, synoviocytes, osteoclasts, and other immune cells to influence the course of OA disease.
Iron- and cobalt-based heterogeneous catalysts are widely applied for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade organic pollutants. However, few studies have unveiled the clear synergistic ...mechanism of iron and cobalt in ZSM-5. In this paper, the synergistic mechanism of enhanced PMS activation was revealed by constructing iron and cobalt bimetal modified ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts (FeCo-ZSM-5). The tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) degradation experiments showed that the catalytic activity of FeCo-ZSM-5-2:3 was much higher than those of Fe-ZSM-5 and Co-ZSM-5. In addition, the influences of catalyst dosage, PMS concentration, reaction temperature, initial pH, and coexisting ions on TCH removal were systematically investigated in this paper. Density functional theory calculations indicated that Co was the main active site for PMS adsorption, and Fe increased the area of Co’s positive potential mapped to the electron cloud. The Fe–Co bimetallic doping increased the area of positive potential mapped to the electron cloud and benefited the adsorption of PMS on the catalyst surface, which revealed the synergistic mechanism of bimetals. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra and quenching experiments showed that sulfate radicals, singlet oxygen, and hydroxyl radicals were involved in the degradation of TCH. Furthermore, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was conducted to propose possible degradation pathways. This work provides certain guiding significance in understanding the synergistic effect of heterogeneous catalysts for tetracycline wastewater treatment.
Abstract
Background
Previous studies have shown that the N
6
-methyladenosine (m
6
A) modification enhances the binding ability of mRNAs/long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to microRNAs (miRNAs), but the ...impact of this modification on the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) function of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is unclear.
Methods
We used a human circRNA microarray to detect the expression profiles of circRNAs in 3 pairs of cancer and paracancerous tissues from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and 3 pairs of peripheral blood specimens from patients with CRC and healthy individuals. The circRNAs highly expressed in both peripheral blood and tumour tissues of patients with CRC, including circALG1, were screened. A quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of an expanded sample size was performed to detect the expression level of circALG1 in peripheral blood and tumour tissues of patients with CRC and determine its correlation with clinicopathological features, and circRNA loop-forming validation and stability assays were then conducted. Transwell assays and a nude mouse cancer metastasis model were used to study the function of circALG1 in CRC and the role of altered m
6
A modification levels on the regulation of circALG1 function. qRT-PCR, western blot (WB), Transwell, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA antisense purification (RAP), and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were performed to analyse the ceRNA mechanism of circALG1 and the effect of the m
6
A modification of circALG1 on the ceRNA function of this circRNA.
Results
CircALG1 was highly expressed in both the peripheral blood and tumour tissues of patients with CRC and was closely associated with CRC metastasis. CircALG1 overexpression promoted the migration and invasion of CRC cells, and circALG1 silencing and reduction of the circALG1 m
6
A modification level inhibited CRC cell migration and invasion. In vivo experiments further confirmed the prometastatic role of circALG1 in CRC. Further mechanistic studies showed that circALG1 upregulated the expression of
placental growth factor (PGF)
by binding to miR-342-5p and that m
6
A modification enhanced the binding of circALG1 to miR-342-5p and promoted its ceRNA function.
Conclusion
M
6
A modification enhances the binding ability of circALG1 to miR-342-5p to promote the ceRNA function of circALG1, and circALG1 could be a potential therapeutic target in and a prognostic marker for CRC.
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