As the “new oil of the future,” big data is becoming the leading industry of the new economy, the core asset of the country and enterprises, the “new blue ocean” to be pursued, and the national ...strategy to be developed by all countries. The development of big data and its related technology supports and promotes a new round of technological innovation, making a new generation of information security technology reform and innovation, bringing opportunities and challenges to optimize, and consolidating national information security. In the era of big data, what kind of challenges and impacts will information security face? and is it crucial to explore the response strategies? At present, China has risen to become the world’s largest number of Internet users and the largest number of people using smartphones, but because China’s information security is the initial stage, involving information security, especially national information security laws and regulations are not much, the national social supervision and monitoring mechanisms are not much, the application level of science and technology content is relatively backward, the core technology has a patent technology not much, resulting in the flood of network data nowadays. Therefore, the underground illegal “data industry chain” activities are rampant. Therefore, this paper proposes a security-aware model based on the combination of distributed data analysis technology and data features. The model uses data features to dynamically generate a library of situational anomalies, effectively solving the problem of analyzing and processing rapidly and dynamically generated data streams, increasing the detection rate to more than 98%, effectively reducing the possibility of false detection, and having good results on large-scale datasets.
Background Accumulating evidences demonstrated tumor microenvironment (TME) of bladder cancer (BLCA) may play a pivotal role in modulating tumorigenesis, progression, and alteration of biological ...features. Currently we aimed to establish a prognostic model based on TME-related gene expression for guiding clinical management of BLCA. Methods We employed ESTIMATE algorithm to evaluate TME cell infiltration in BLCA. The RNA-Seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Underlying relationship between co-expression modules and TME was investigated via Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). COX regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis were applied for screening prognostic hub gene and establishing a risk predictive model. BLCA specimens and adjacent tissues from patients were obtained from patients. Bladder cancer (T24, EJ-m3) and bladder uroepithelial cell line (SVHUC1) were used for genes validation. qRT-PCR was employed to validate genes mRNA level in tissues and cell lines. Results 365 BLCA samples and 19 adjacent normal samples were selected for identifying DEGs. 2141 DEGs were identified and used to construct co-expression network. Four modules (magenta, brown, yellow, purple) were regarded as TME regulatory modules through WGCNA and GO analysis. Furthermore, seven hub genes (ACAP1, ADAMTS9, TAP1, IFIT3, FBN1, FSTL1, COL6A2) were screened out to establish a risk predictive model via COX and LASSO regression. Survival analysis and ROC curve analysis indicated our predictive model had good performance on evaluating patients prognosis in different subgroup of BLCA. qRT-PCR result showed upregulation of ACAP1, IFIT3, TAP1 and downregulation of ADAMTS9, COL6A2, FSTL1,FBN1 in BLCA specimens and cell lines. Conclusions Our study firstly integrated multiple TME-related genes to set up a risk predictive model. This model could accurately predict BLCA progression and prognosis, which offers clinical implication for risk stratification, immunotherapy drug screen and therapeutic decision. Keywords: Bladder cancer, Microenvironment, The Cancer genome atlas, Weighted gene co-expression network analysis, Immune cell
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) is involved in the progression of several tumors. The interaction between lncRNA and miRNA or miRNA's target genes is reported to ...play crucial roles in malignancy. In addition, Androgen receptor (AR) is considered to be involved in bladder cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the role of XIST in human bladder cancer and its interaction with miR-124 and AR.
XIST and AR expression was detected in bladder tumor samples and cell lines. Effects of XIST and AR on bladder cancer cells growth, invasion and migration were analyzed. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase assays were used to identify the interaction among XIST, AR and miR-124. The correlations of miR-124 with XIST and AR in bladder cancer samples were statistically analyzed.
XIST and AR were upregulated in bladder cancer tissues and positively correlated. Higher XIST and AR expression were related to poorer TNM stage of bladder cancer. XIST knockdown reduced bladder cancer cells' proliferation, invasion and migration. While this inhibitory effect could be partially restored by AR overexpression. XIST inhibited miR-124 expression by directly targeting. Moreover, miR-124 could bind to the 3'UTR of AR to regulate its expression. MiR-124 inhibition partially restored the XIST knockdown-induced reduction of AR, c-myc, p27, MMP13 and MMP9 expression. In bladder cancer tissues, miR-124 level was inversely correlated with the expression of XIST and AR, respectively.
These findings indicated that XIST might be an oncogenic lncRNA that promoted the bladder cancer growth, invasion and migration via miR-124 dependent AR regulation.
With the advantages of intrinsic safety, good affordability, environmental friendliness, moderate energy density, and large power density, aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have gained considerable ...research interest. However, zinc dendrites, hydrogen evolution, inert byproducts, and zinc metal corrosion severely hinder practical applications of AZIBs. In order to address these issues, many research works have been carried out to modify the interface between zinc metal anode and aqueous electrolyte. In fact, the interface engineering takes effect at the surface and near the surface of separator. However, a specialized review on the separators of AZIBs is still lacking. Herein, basic requirements of separators and recent advances on the modification strategies including employment of functional groups, establishment of surface coatings, construction of hybrid architectures, regulations of porosity, and utilization of bipolar membrane are reviewed. Besides, the perspectives for further investigations on the separators of AZIBs are outlined. This review could offer useful guidance for the future explorations of separators for AZIBs.
Display omitted
•Recent advances on the separators of aqueous zinc ion batteries are reviewed.•The basic requirements for separators of aqueous zinc ion batteries are introduced.•The modification strategies on the separators are systematically discussed.•The cyclability of Zn//Zn cells with different separators is compared.•The remaining challenges and perspectives on the separators are outlined.
Betulinic acid (BA) and its derivatives are a class of high-profile drug candidates, but their anticancer effects on resistant cancer have rarely been reported. Although a few studies indicated ...mitophagy is related with drug resistance, its role in different cancer types and anticancer agents treatment remains largely unclear. Here, we find that B5G1, a new derivative of BA, induces cell death in multidrug resistant cancer cells HepG2/ADM and MCF-7/ADR through mitochondrial-apoptosis pathway. B5G1 also triggers mitophagy independent on Atg5/Beclin 1. Further mechanistic study indicates that B5G1 upregulates PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) to recruit Parkin to mitochondria followed by ubiquitination of Mfn2 to initiate mitophagy. Inhibition of mitophagy by PINK1 siRNA, mdivi-1, or bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1) promotes B5G1-induced cell death. In addition, ROS production and mitochondrial damage in B5G1-treated HepG2/ADM cells cause mitochondrial apoptosis and mitophagy. In vivo study shown that B5G1 dramatically inhibits HepG2/ADM xenograft growth accompanied by apoptosis and mitophagy induction. Together, our results provide the first demonstration that B5G1, as a novel mitophagy inducer, has the potential to be developed into a drug candidate for treating multidrug resistant cancer.
Electrode structure design and interfacial nitrogen engineering enabling Si-N-MXene anode for high energy density solid-state battery.
Display omitted
Replacing the conventional carbonate electrolyte ...by solid-state electrolyte (SSE) will offer improved safety for lithium-ion batteries. To further improve the energy density, Silicon (Si) is attractive for next generation solid-state battery (SSB) because of its high specific capacity and low cost. High energy density and safe Si-based SSB, however, is plagued by large volume change that leads to poor mechanical stability and slow lithium ions transportation at the multiple interfaces between Si and SSE. Herein, we designed a self-integrated and monolithic Si/two dimensional layered T3C2Tx (MXene, Tx stands for terminal functional groups) electrode architecture with interfacial nitrogen engineering. During a heat treatment process, the polyacrylonitrile not only converts into amorphous carbon (a-C) that shells Si but also forms robust interfacial nitrogen chemical bonds that anchors Si and MXene. During repeated lithiation and delithiation processes, the robust interfacial engineered Si/MXene configuration enhances the mechanical adhesion between Si and MXene that improves the structure stability but also contributes to form stable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). In addition, the N-MXene provides fast lithium ions transportation pathways. Consequently, the Si/MXene with interfacial nitrogen engineering (denoted as Si-N-MXene) deliveres high-rate performance with a specific capacity of 1498 mAh g−1 at a high current of 6.4 A g−1. A Si-N-MXene/NMC full cell exhibited a capacity retention of 80.5% after 200 cycles. The Si-N-MXene electrode is also applied to SSB and shows a relative stable cycling over 100 cycles, demonstrating the versatility of this concept.
Wood has unique advantages. However, the rigid structure and intrinsic insulating nature of wood limit its applications. Herein, a two-step process is developed to render wood veneers conductive and ...flexible. In the first step, most of the lignin and hemicellulose in the wood veneer are removed by hydrothermal treatment. In the second step, electroless Ni plating and subsequent pressing are carried out. The obtained Ni-plated veneer is flexible and bendable, and has a high tensile strength of 21.9 and 4.4 MPa along and across the channel direction, respectively, the former of which is considerably higher than that of carbon cloth and graphene foam. Moreover, this product exhibits high electrical conductivity around 1.1 × 103 S m−1, which is comparable to that of carbon cloth and graphene foam, and significantly outperforms previously reported wood-based conductors. This work reveals an effective strategy to transform cheap and renewable wood into a high value-added product that rivals expensive carbon cloth and graphene foam. The obtained product is particularly promising as a current collector for flexible and wearable electrochemical energy storage devices such as supercapacitors and Li-ion batteries.
It remains a great challenge for aqueous zinc-ion batteries to work at subzero temperatures, since the water in aqueous electrolytes would freeze and inhibit the transportation of electrolyte ions, ...inevitably leading to performance deterioration. In this work, we propose an anti-freezing gel electrolyte that contains polyacrylamide, graphene oxide, and ethylene glycol. The graphene oxide can not only enhance the mechanical properties of gel electrolyte but also help construct a three-dimensional macroporous network that facilitates ionic transport, while the ethylene glycol can improve freezing resistance. Due to the synergistic effect, the gel electrolyte exhibits high ionic conductivity (e.g., 14.9 mS cm-1 at -20 °C) and good mechanical properties in comparison with neat polyacrylamide gel electrolyte. Benefiting from that, the assembled flexible quasi-solid-state Zn-MnO2 battery exhibits good electrochemical durability and superior tolerance to extreme working conditions. This work provides new perspectives to develop flexible electrochemical energy storage devices with great environmental adaptability.
Purpose. To investigate the relationships between visual function and the retinal and choroid microstructure in idiopathic macular hole patients after surgery. Methods. A prospective study ...investigated changes in the fundus structure and visual function in 16 macular hole patients before and after surgery. Patients’ best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and retinal sensitivity were measured by an EDTRS visual chart and microperimetry (MP1), respectively. The thickness of the retina and the blood supply to the retina and superficial choroid were detected by OCTA, and the choroidal capillary blood flow density was analysed with MATLAB. The thickness of the choroid and the aperture size of the macular hole were detected by Heidelberg OCT. Results. Compared with before surgery and one month after surgery, the BCVA (3 months: 0.47 ± 0.27, before: 1.02 ± 0.22, 1 month: 0.66 ± 0.27, and P < 0.05) and the central sensitivity of the retina (3 months: 14.88 ± 2.87 dB, before: 8.76 ± 3.27 dB, 1 month: 12.22 ± 3.30 dB, and P < 0.05) were significantly improved three months after surgery. The change in BCVA was significantly correlated with the basal diameter (r = 0.677 and P = 0.004), the minimum diameter (r = 0.585 and P = 0.017), the macular hole cystoid height area index (r = −0.618 and P = 0.011), the central macular hole index (r = −0.727 and P = 0.001), the peripheral macular hole index (r = −0.758 and P = 0.001), the central tractional hole index (r = −0.717 and P = 0.002), the peripheral tractional hole index (r = −0.725 and P = 0.001), and changes in the peripheral blood vessel density of the choroid capillary layer (r = 0.585 and P = 0.0017). The change in central retinal sensitivity was correlated with the change in the superficial foveal avascular zone (FAZ; r = 0.520 and P = 0.039), change in the retinal superficial peripheral blood flow density (r = −0.503 and P = 0.047), change in the deep FAZ (r = 0.599 and P = 0.014), and change in the retinal deep peripheral blood flow density (r = −0.601 and P = 0.014). Conclusions. The morphology of the macular hole as well as changes to the retinal and choroidal microstructure contributes to the recovery of visual function after surgery.
PDF
