Summary
What is known and objective
In China, lidocaine together with 2 mg/mL of pingyangmycin (PYM, also known as bleomycin A5) is recommended for the treatment of venous malformations (VMs). The ...purpose of this study was to investigate whether lidocaine has a synergistic effect with PYM in improving the therapeutic outcomes of patients with VMs. Additionally, this study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of sclerotherapy for VMs using an intralesional injection of a low concentration of PYM (0·5 mg/mL).
Methods
A total of 281 patients with VMs were treated with 0·5 or 2 mg/mL of PYM with or without lidocaine and dexamethasone (DEX). All of the patients received a direct intralesional injection at a rate of 1 mL/min, and the volume of the solution varied from 1·5 to 6·0 mL per injection.
Results and discussion
No significant differences were observed in the clinical outcomes between the PYM and PYM + lidocaine treatment groups (P > 0·05). The clinical outcomes were similar between the groups that were treated with 0·5 and 2 mg/mL of PYM, but the swelling and pain in the patients who were treated with 0·5 mg/mL of PYM were less severe compared with the patients who were treated with 2 mg/mL of PYM. A total of 29 patients with VM lesions on the glans penis were treated with 0·5 mg/mL of PYM + 0·5% lidocaine. Of these patients, 26 were cured, whereas three experienced a marked improvement.
What is new and conclusion
Lidocaine does not have a synergistic effect with PYM in improving the therapeutic outcomes of patients with VMs. Sclerotherapy with a low concentration of PYM (0·5 mg/mL) combined with lidocaine and DEX is a safe and effective therapy for small superficial VMs of critical organs, such as the lips and the glans penis.
Lidocaine does not have a synergistic effect with PYM in improving the therapeutic outcomes of patients with VMs. Sclerotherapy with a low concentration of PYM (0·5 mg/mL) combined with lidocaine and DEX is a safe and effective therapy for small superficial VMs of critical organs, such as the lips and the glans penis.
Abstract The fat-derived hormone leptin regulates food intake and body weight in part by modulating the activity of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the hypothalamic ...arcuate nucleus (ARC). To investigate the electrophysiological activity of these neurons and their responses to leptin, we recorded whole-cell calcium currents on NPY and POMC neurons in the ARC of rats, which we identified by morphologic features and immunocytochemical identification at the end of recording. Leptin decreased the peak amplitude of high voltage–activated calcium currents ( IHVA ) in the isolated neurons from ARC, which were subsequently shown to be immunoreactive for NPY. The inhibition was prevented by pretreatment with inhibitors of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). In contrast, leptin increased the amplitude of IHVA in POMC-containing neurons. The stimulations of IHVA were inhibited by blockers of JAK2 and phosphatidylino 3-kinase (PI3-k). Both of these effects were counteracted by the L-type calcium channel antagonist nifedipine, suggesting that L-type calcium channels were involved in the regulation induced by leptin. These data indicated that leptin exerted opposite effects on these two classes of neurons. Leptin directly inhibited IHVA in NPY neurons via leptin receptor (LEPR) –JAK2–MAPK pathways, whereas evoked IHVA in POMC neurons by LEPR–JAK2–PI3-k pathways. These neural pathways and intracellular signaling mechanisms may play key roles in regulating NPY and POMC neuron activity, anorectic action of leptin and, thereby, feeding.
We present an X-ray point-source catalogue from the XMM-Large Scale Structure (XMMLSS) survey region, one of the XMM-Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey (XMM-SERVS) fields. We target ...the XMM-LSS region with 1.3 Ms of new XMM-Newton AO-15 observations, transforming the archival X-ray coverage in this region into a 5.3 deg2 contiguous field with uniform X-ray coverage totaling 2.7 Ms of flare-filtered exposure, with a 46 ks median PN exposure time. We provide an X-ray catalogue of 5242 sources detected in the soft (0.5-2 keV), hard (2-10 keV), and/or full (0.5-10 keV) bands with a 1 per cent expected spurious fraction determined from simulations. A total of 2381 new X-ray sources are detected compared to previous source catalogues in the same area. Our survey has flux limits of 1.7 × 10-15, 1.3 × 10-14, and 6.5 × 10-15 erg cm-2 s-1 over 90 per cent of its area in the soft, hard, and full bands, respectively, which is comparable to those of the XMM-COSMOS survey. We identify multiwavelength counterpart candidates for 99.9 per cent of the X-ray sources, of which 93 per cent are considered as reliable based on their matching likelihood ratios. The reliabilities of these high-likelihood-ratio counterparts are further confirmed to be ≈97 per cent reliable based on deep Chandra coverage over ≈5 per cent of the XMM-LSS region. Results of multiwavelength identifications are also included in the source catalogue, along with basic optical-to-infrared photometry and spectroscopic redshifts from publicly available surveys. We compute photometric redshifts for X-ray sources in 4.5 deg2 of our field where forced-aperture multiband photometry is available; > 70 per cent of the X-ray sources in this subfield have either spectroscopic or high-quality photometric redshifts.
Chronic liver disease frequently includes cognitive and movement disorders, suggesting an alteration of the striatum. With the exception of hyperintensities evident on T1-weighted images indicative ...of Mn deposition, radiographic findings of the BG are nonspecific. Volumetric and morphometric analysis of DGM is limited. Whether DGM undergoes degeneration and whether this change is associated with pallidal hyperintensity and cognitive performance are currently unknown in patients with cirrhosis.
The DGM volumes of 28 patients with chronic cirrhosis and 28 control patients were compared. Using 3D high-resolution MR images, the volume and shape of each structure were automatically analyzed by the FSL. Correlations between the DGM volume and other clinical variables, including the pallidal signal intensity, were assessed by multiple regression analysis.
Patients with Child B and Child C liver disease had significantly smaller bilateral putaminal volumes than control patients, and patients with Child C also demonstrated smaller left caudate nucleus and left amygdala volumes than control patients. Pallidal hyperintensity correlated with smaller striatum volume, which was linearly related to worse cognitive performance. The nonuniform distributed shape abnormalities in the striatum further support the ascending spiral interconnecting theory of the striatum.
These findings strongly suggest lower DGM volume develops according to the severity of the liver cirrhosis. The Mn deposition might contribute the striatum deficit. These findings support the value of additional psychomotor research associated with liver cirrhosis.
Abstract
We present a multiwavelength analysis of the dwarf Seyfert 2 galaxy J144013+024744, a candidate obscured active galactic nucleus (AGN) thought to be powered by an intermediate-mass black ...hole (IMBH,
M
•
≈ 10
4
−10
6
M
⊙
) of mass
M
•
∼ 10
5.2
M
⊙
. To study its X-ray properties, we targeted J144013+024744 with NuSTAR for ≈100 ks. The X-ray spectrum was fitted with an absorbed power law, Pexmon, and a physical model (RXTorus). A Bayesian X-ray analysis was performed to estimate the posteriors. The phenomenological and the physical models suggest the AGN to be heavily obscured by a column density of
N
H
= (3.4–7.0) × 10
23
cm
−2
. In particular, the RXTorus model with a subsolar metallicity suggests the obscuring column to be almost Compton-thick. We compared the 2–10 keV intrinsic X-ray luminosity with the inferred X-ray luminosities based on empirical scaling relations for unobscured AGNs using
L
O
iv
25.89
μ
m
,
L
O
iii
λ
5007
, and
L
6
μ
m
and found that the high-excitation O
iv
line provides a better estimate of the intrinsic 2–10 keV X-ray luminosity (
L
2
–
10
int
∼
10
41.41
erg s
−1
). Our results suggest that J144013+024744 is the first type 2 dwarf galaxy that shows X-ray spectroscopic evidence for obscuration. The column density that we estimated is among the highest measured to date for IMBH-powered AGNs, implying that a typical AGN torus geometry might extend to the low-mass end. This work has implications for constraining the BH occupation fraction in dwarf galaxies using X-ray observations.
Abstract
Background
Although greater impairments in nerve functions parameters are most likely to occur with a lower kidney function, there is a paucity of information on the relationship between the ...kidney and peripheral nerve functions parameters in Type 2 diabetes.
Aim
To address the impact of peripheral nerve functions in Type 2 diabetes patients in different stages of chronic kidney diseases (CKD).
Design
This prospective study enrolled 238 patients with Type 2 diabetes at a tertiary medical center.
Method
We designed composite amplitude scores of nerve conductions (CAS) as a measure of severity of peripheral neuropathy (PN), and used estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) parameters to stage CKD in Type 2 diabetes patients. The intrapersonal mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of eGFR for 238 patients were obtained in the 3 years prior to the study.
Results
The patients who had lower eGFR and higher UACR were older, with longer diabetes duration, a greater percentage of retinopathy and PN and higher CAS. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that diabetes duration and eGFR were independently associated with CAS, and a cut-off value of eGFR in the presence of PN was 65.3 ml/min/1.73 m2.
Conclusion
We observed a close relationship between the severity of kidney and peripheral nerve function in patients with diabetes. If a patient’s eGFR value is below 65.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 or the UACR value is above 98.6 mg/dl, caution is needed with the presence of PN even in diabetic patients who are asymptomatic.
We use Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) observations of four submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at z ∼ 2-3 to investigate the spatially resolved properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) at scales ...of 1-5 kpc (0 1-0 6). The velocity fields of our sources, traced by the 12CO(J = 3-2) emission, are consistent with disk rotation to the first order, implying average dynamical masses of ∼3 × 1011 within two half-light radii. Through a Bayesian approach we investigate the uncertainties inherent to dynamically constraining total gas masses. We explore the covariance between the stellar mass-to-light ratio and CO-to-H2 conversion factor, CO, finding values of for dark matter fractions of 15%. We show that the resolved spatial distribution of the gas and dust continuum can be uncorrelated to the stellar emission, challenging energy balance assumptions in global SED fitting. Through a stacking analysis of the resolved radial profiles of the CO(3-2), stellar, and dust continuum emission in SMG samples, we find that the cool molecular gas emission in these sources (radii ∼5-14 kpc) is clearly more extended than the rest-frame ∼250 m dust continuum by a factor >2. We propose that assuming a constant dust-to-gas ratio, this apparent difference in sizes can be explained by temperature and optical depth gradients alone. Our results suggest that caution must be exercised when extrapolating morphological properties of dust continuum observations to conclusions about the molecular gas phase of the interstellar medium (ISM).
Abstract
We report strong and rapid X-ray variability found from the super-Eddington accreting quasar SDSS J081456.10+532533.5 at
z
= 0.1197. It has a black hole mass of 2.7 × 10
7
M
⊙
and a ...dimensionless accretion rate of ≈4 measured from reverberation-mapping observations. It showed weak X-ray emission in the 2021 February Chandra observation, with the 2 keV flux density being
9.6
−
4.6
+
11.6
times lower compared to an archival Swift observation. The 2 keV flux density is also
11.7
−
6.3
+
9.6
times weaker compared to the expectation from its optical/UV emission. In a follow-up XMM-Newton observation 32 days later, the 2 keV flux density increased by a factor of
5.3
−
2.4
+
6.4
, and the spectra are best described by a power law modified with partial-covering absorption; the absorption-corrected intrinsic continuum is at a nominal flux level. Nearly simultaneous optical spectra reveal no variability, and there is only mild long-term optical/infrared variability from archival data (with a maximum variability amplitude of ≈50%). We interpret the X-ray variability with an obscuration scenario, where the intrinsic X-ray continuum does not vary but the absorber has a variable column density and covering factor along the line of sight. The absorber is likely the small-scale clumpy accretion wind that has been proposed to be responsible for similar X-ray variability in other super-Eddington accreting quasars.
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