Two-dimensional graphite-like carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C3N4 NSs) were hybridized with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) to construct an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor. The prepared Au ...NP-functionalized g-C3N4 NS nanohybrids (Au-g-C3N4 NHs) exhibit strong and stable cathodic ECL activity compared to g-C3N4 NSs due to the important roles of Au NPs in trapping and storing the electrons from the conduction band of g-C3N4 NSs, as well as preventing high energy electron-induced passivation of g-C3N4 NSs. On the basis of the improved ECL stability and ECL peak intensity of the Au-g-C3N4 NHs, a novel ECL immunosensor was developed to detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a model target analyte. The ECL immunosensor has a sensitive response to CEA in a linear range of 0.02–80 ng mL–1 with a detection limit of 6.8 pg mL–1. Additionally, the proposed immunosensor shows high specificity, good reproducibility, and long-term stability.
Carbon based dots (CDs) have attracted broad attention exhibit due to the unique optical properties. However, the exact origins of their optical properties are still controversial. Citric acid (CA) ...coupled with some amino group-containing small molecules are believed to be ideal precursors for the synthesis of high luminescent CDs through various thermal treatment processes. Herein, CA coupled with four amino group-containing small molecules are chosen as models to synthesize CDs for a systematical study on the photoluminesce (PL) properties. It is found that the PL properties of CDs are resulted from the synergistic effect of the contained luminescent pyridine-derivatives and the defect states. A reasonable mechanism of PL emission from the CDs has been proposed. The results presented here must be critical for understanding the origins of PL, and also for preparing CDs with strong and wavelength tunable PL emission.
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Graphitic carbon nitrides (g‐C3N4) are a class of 2D polymeric materials mainly composed of carbon and nitrogen atoms. g‐C3N4 are attracting dramatically increasing interest in the areas of sensing, ...imaging, and therapy, due to their unique optical and electronic properties. Here, the luminescent properties (mainly includes photoluminescence and electrochemiluminescence), and catalytic and photoelectronic properties related to sensing and therapy applications of g‐C3N4 materials are reviewed. Furthermore, the fabrication and advantages of sensing, imaging and therapy systems based on g‐C3N4 materials are summarized. Finally, the future perspectives for developing the sensing, imaging and therapy applications of the g‐C3N4 materials are discussed.
The sensing, imaging and therapy applications of g‐C3N4 materials are summarized. The luminescent, catalytic and photoelectronic properties and mechanisms of g‐C3N4 materials related to sensing and therapy applications are introduced and discussed. The principles and advantages of the sensing, imaging and therapy systems are concluded.
BACKGROUNDFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has a protective effect against cardiovascular disease. However, the role of FGF21 in hypertension remains elusive.METHODSTen-week-old male C57BL/6 mice ...were randomly divided into normal-salt (NS) group, NS+FGF21 group, deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt (DOCA) group and DOCA+FGF21 group. The mice in NS group underwent uninephrectomy without receiving DOCA and 1% NaCl and the mice in DOCA group were subjected to uninephrectomy and DOCA-salt (DOCA and 1% NaCl) treatment for 6 weeks. At the same time, the mice were infused with vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid, aCSF) or FGF21 (1 mg/kg) into the bilateral paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of mice.RESULTSHere, we showed that FGF21 treatment lowered DOCA salt-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the PVN, which reduced sympathetic nerve activity and hypertension. Mechanistically, FGF21 treatment decreased the expression of HNF4α and inhibited the binding activity of HNF4α to the promoter region of ACE2 in the PVN of DOCA salt-treated mice, which further up-regulated ACE2/Ang (1-7) signals in the PVN. In addition, ACE2 deficiency abolished the protective effect of FGF21 in DOCA salt-treated mice, suggesting that FGF21-mediated antihypertensive effect was dependent on ACE2.CONCLUSIONSThe results demonstrate that FGF21 protects against salt-sensitive hypertension via regulating HNF4α/ACE2/Ang (1-7) axis in the PVN of DOCA salt-treated mice via multi-organ crosstalk between liver, brain and blood vessels.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-associated mitochondrial impairment may a key factor leading to liver injury. Transient receptor potential receptor vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) regulates the energy ...expenditure and cholesterol metabolism in hepatocytes and protects against oxidative toxicity. Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) is involved in the protection of TRPV1 on cardiac microvascular and lung injury. The aim of this study is to identify the role of TRPV1 in redox signals and liver protection via OPA1. TRPV1 knockout (TRPV1-/-) mice were used. And T2DM associated liver injury was induced by high glucose and high fatty acid (HG/HF) treatment. Mechanisms were studied by TUNEL staining, transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting in vivo and in vitro. We determined that HG/HF treatment increased TRPV1 expression in liver tissues and AML12 cells. The knockout of TRPV1 increased the apoptotic hepatocytes rate. The inhibition of TRPV1 by 5'-iRTX in HG/HF group elevated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, whereas TRPV1 agonist capsaicin reduced ROS. Our studies also showed that the OPA1 expression was lower in livers from HG/HF treated mice than the control, and genetic ablation of TRPV1 decreased OPA1 expression to a greater extent than the HG/HF mice. The protective effects of TRPV1 on mitochondrial were blocked by OPA1 siRNA. In conclusion, our study showed that the identified regulation of TRPV1 to OPA1 has important implication to the pathogenesis of T2DM-associated liver injury. Targeting the action of TRPV1 and OPA1 presents a potential therapeutic intervention.
A scaled 40 Gb/s optical receiver incorporating a transimpedance amplifier (TIA), a limiting amplifier (LA), a clock and data recovery (CDR), and a 1:4 demultiplexer was proposed in 65 nm CMOS ...technology. The TIA employs a regulated cascode structure to achieve low input resistance and a stable dc operating point, whereas the LA adopts the third-order interleaving active feedback technique to obtain greater bandwidth and flatter frequency response. A 10 GHz LC-based voltage controlled oscillator with a ring structure that generates eight phases is presented. A quarter-rate phase detector in the CDR samples the 40 Gb/s input data, which are retimed and demultiplexed into four sets of 10 Gb/s output data. Experimental results show that the recovered clock exhibits a phase noise of -112.39 dBc/Hz@10 MHz from a carrier frequency of 10 GHz, in response to 2 31 -1 PRBS input. The retimed and demultiplexed data exhibit a peak-peak jitter of 4.46 ps and an RMS jitter of 1.18 ps. The core circuit of the receiver consumes 160 mW from a 1.2 V supply.
This paper presents a 44 Gbit/s Transimpedance Amplifier (TIA) with wide-dynamic range and high-linearity for optical receiver fabricated in 130 nm BiCMOS technology. The TIA has the features of ...67dBΩ overall transimpedance gain, a bandwidth of 28GHz, 10pA/√Hz of Input Referred Noise Current Power Spectral Density (IRNCPSD), and a power consumption of 95mW from a 2.5V supply. The Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is less than 5% for a differential input current up to 2.63mApp, when the static input current is 0.1mA.
This research aims to analyze the clinical intervention effect of perioperative fast-track surgery (FTS) nursing on patients with kidney stone disease (KSD) under computed tomography (CT) imaging. ...One-hundred KSD patients were selected as research objects and grouped after CT examination. These objects were randomly divided into a research group (FTS nursing intervention, n = 50) and a control group (general routine nursing intervention, n = 50). The preoperative psychological status of patients was compared between the two groups, using Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale. The hunger and thirst situations were compared using Numerical Rating Scale; postoperative recovery time, incidence of complications, and nursing satisfaction were also compared. The high-density shadow could be clearly observed in the right kidney of the patients in the CT imaging examination. The nursing outcomes suggested that there was no notable difference in hunger between the two groups, and anxiety, depression, and thirst in the research group were highly better than those in the control group (P<0.01). The time of the first exhaust, the time of body temperature returning to normal, the time of getting out of bed, and the length of hospital stay in the research group were all shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05). The total postoperative satisfaction of the research group (98.00%) was greatly better than the 88.00% in the control group (P<0.05). As the FTS concept was applied in the perioperative nursing of KSD patients under CT imaging, the preoperative and postoperative negative emotions of patients could be improved. Thereby, the postoperative recovery rate of patients was promoted, postoperative complications and patients’ pain were reduced, and the postoperative quality of life of patients was also improved.
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