It is unknown whether the human immune system frequently mounts a T cell response against mutations expressed by common epithelial cancers. Using a next-generation sequencing approach combined with ...high-throughput immunologic screening, we demonstrated that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from 9 out of 10 patients with metastatic gastrointestinal cancers contained CD4⁺ and/or CD8⁺ T cells that recognized one to three neo-epitopes derived from somatic mutations expressed by the patient's own tumor. There were no immunogenic epitopes shared between these patients. However, we identified in one patient a human leukocyte antigen–C*08:02–restricted T cell receptor from CD8⁺ TILs that targeted the KRASG12D hotspot driver mutation found in many human cancers. Thus, a high frequency of patients with common gastrointestinal cancers harbor immunogenic mutations that can potentially be exploited for the development of highly personalized immunotherapies.
Graphene, a single atomic layer of graphitic carbon, has attracted intense attention because of its extraordinary properties that make it a suitable material for a wide range of technological ...applications. Large-area graphene films, which are necessary for industrial applications, are typically polycrystalline - that is, composed of single-crystalline grains of varying orientation joined by grain boundaries. Here, we present a review of the large body of research reported in the past few years on polycrystalline graphene. We discuss its growth and formation, the microscopic structure of grain boundaries and their relations to other types of topological defect such as dislocations. The Review further covers electronic transport, optical and mechanical properties pertaining to the characterizations of grain boundaries, and applications of polycrystalline graphene. We also discuss research, still in its infancy, performed on other two-dimensional materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides, and offer perspectives for future directions of research.
•A combination of stripe soliton and lump soliton is discussed, which produce two phenomena, fusion and fission.•A pair of resonance kink stripe solitons and rogue wave is studied based on the ...combination of positive quadratic functions and hyperbolic functions.
In this paper, a combination of stripe soliton and lump soliton is discussed to a reduced (3+1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation, in which such solution gives rise to two different excitation phenomena: fusion and fission. Particularly, a new combination of positive quadratic functions and hyperbolic functions is considered, and then a novel nonlinear phenomenon is explored. Via this method, a pair of resonance kink stripe solitons and rogue wave is studied. Rogue wave is triggered by the interaction between lump soliton and a pair of resonance kink stripe solitons. It is exciting that rogue wave must be attached to the stripe solitons from its appearing to disappearing. The whole progress is completely symmetry, the rogue wave starts itself from one stripe soliton and lose itself in another stripe soliton. The dynamic properties of the interaction between one stripe soliton and lump soliton, rogue wave are discussed by choosing appropriate parameters.
Due to the DNA repair defect, BRCA1/2 deficient tumor cells are more sensitive to PARP inhibitors (PARPi) through the mechanism of synthetic lethality. At present, several PAPRi targeting poly ...(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) have been approved for ovarian cancer and breast cancer indications. However, PARPi resistance is ubiquitous in clinic. More than 40% BRCA1/2-deficient patients fail to respond to PARPi. In addition, lots of patients acquire PARPi resistance with prolonged oral administration of PARPi. Homologous recombination repair deficient (HRD), as an essential prerequisite of synthetic lethality, plays a vital role in killing tumor cells. Therefore, Homologous recombination repair restoration (HRR) becomes the predominant reason of PARPi resistance. Recently, it was reported that DNA replication fork protection also contributed to PARPi resistance in BRCA1/2-deficient cells and patients. Moreover, various factors, such as reversion mutations, epigenetic modification, restoration of ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) and pharmacological alteration lead to PARPi resistance as well. In this review, we reviewed the underlying mechanisms of PARP inhibitor resistance in detail and summarized the potential strategies to overcome PARPi resistance and increase PARPi sensitivity.
2D nanomaterials with flexibly modifiable surfaces are highly sought after for various applications, especially in room‐temperature chemiresistive gas sensing. Here, we have prepared a series of COF ...2D nanomaterials (porphyrin‐based COF nanosheets (NS)) that enabled highly sensitive and specific‐sensing of NO2 at room temperature. Different from the traditional 2D sensing materials, H2‐TPCOF was designed with a largely reduced interlayer interaction and predesigned porphyrin rings as modifiable sites on its surfaces for post‐metallization. After post‐metallization, the metallized M‐TPCOF (M=Co and Cu) showed remarkably improved sensing performances. Among them, Co‐TPCOF exhibited highly specific sensing toward NO2 with one of the highest sensitivities of all reported 2D materials and COF materials, with an ultra‐low limit‐of‐detection of 6.8 ppb and fast response/recovery. This work might shed light on designing and preparing a new type of surface‐highly‐modifiable 2D material for various chemistry applications.
A series of metalloporphyrin covalent organic framework based nanosheets has been synthesized and successfully applied in specific sensing of NO2 at room temperature.
Increasing bodies of epidemiological evidence indicate potential associations between dysphagia and the risk of frailty in older adults. We hypothesized that older adults with symptoms of dysphagia ...might have a higher prevalence of frailty or prefrailty than those without dysphagia.
We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies published through 20 April 2022. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that examined the associations between dysphagia and the existence of frailty or prefrailty in community-dwelling, facility-dwelling, or hospitalized adults aged 50 years or older were synthesized. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate study quality.
The meta-analysis comprised 12 cohorts, including 5,503,543 non-frailty participants and 735,303 cases of frailty or prefrailty. Random-effect meta-analysis demonstrated a significant association between dysphagia and the risk of frailty and prefrailty (OR, 3.24; 95% CI, 2.51-4.20). In addition, we observed consistent results across the subgroups and heterogeneity assessments.
We propose including dysphagia assessment as a critical factor in the cumulative deficit model for identifying frailty in older adults. Understanding dysphagia and the potential role of nutritional supplements in older adults may lead to improved strategies for preventing, delaying, or mitigating frailty.
Immunotherapy using either checkpoint blockade or the adoptive transfer of antitumor lymphocytes has shown effectiveness in treating cancers with high levels of somatic mutations-such as melanoma, ...smoking-induced lung cancers and bladder cancer-with little effect in other common epithelial cancers that have lower mutation rates, such as those arising in the gastrointestinal tract, breast and ovary
. Adoptive transfer of autologous lymphocytes that specifically target proteins encoded by somatically mutated genes has mediated substantial objective clinical regressions in patients with metastatic bile duct, colon and cervical cancers
. We present a patient with chemorefractory hormone receptor (HR)-positive metastatic breast cancer who was treated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) reactive against mutant versions of four proteins-SLC3A2, KIAA0368, CADPS2 and CTSB. Adoptive transfer of these mutant-protein-specific TILs in conjunction with interleukin (IL)-2 and checkpoint blockade mediated the complete durable regression of metastatic breast cancer, which is now ongoing for >22 months, and it represents a new immunotherapy approach for the treatment of these patients.
In a molecular scenario, we investigate the isospin-breaking hidden charm decay processes of
X
(3872), i.e.,
X
(
3872
)
→
π
+
π
-
J
/
ψ
,
X
(
3872
)
→
π
+
π
-
π
0
J
/
ψ
, and
X
(
3872
)
→
π
0
χ
cJ
. ...We assume that the source of the strong isospin violation comes from the different coupling strengths of
X
(3872) to its charged components
D
∗
+
D
-
and neutral components
D
∗
0
D
¯
0
as well as the interference between the charged meson loops and neutral meson loops. The former effect could fix our parameters by using the measurement of the ratio
Γ
X
(
3872
)
→
π
+
π
-
π
0
J
/
ψ
/
Γ
X
(
3872
)
→
π
+
π
-
J
/
ψ
. With the determined parameter range, we find that the estimated ratio
Γ
X
(
3872
)
→
π
0
χ
c
1
/
Γ
X
(
3872
)
→
π
+
π
-
J
/
ψ
is well consistent with the experimental measurement from the BESIII collaboration. Moreover, the partial width ratio of
π
0
χ
cJ
for
J
=
0
,
1
,
2
is estimated to be
1.77
-
1.65
:
1
:
1.09
-
1.43
, which could be tested by further precise measurements of BESIII and Belle II.
Glutathione-capped metal nanoclusters (Au x -GSH NCs) which exhibit molecular-like properties are employed as a photosensitizer for hydrogen generation in a photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) and a ...photocatalytic slurry reactor. The reversible reduction (E 0 = −0.63 V vs RHE) and oxidation (E 0 = 0.97 and 1.51 V vs RHE) potentials of these metal nanoclusters make them suitable for driving the water-splitting reaction. When a mesoscopic TiO2 film sensitized by Au x -GSH NCs is used as the photoanode with a Pt counter electrode in aqueous buffer solution (pH = 7), we observe significant photocurrent activity under visible light (400–500 nm) excitation. Additionally, sensitizing Pt/TiO2 nanoparticles with Au x -GSH NCs in an aqueous slurry system and irradiating with visible light produce H2 at a rate of 0.3 mmol of hydrogen/h/g of Au x -GSH NCs. The rate of H2 evolution is significantly enhanced (∼5 times) when a sacrificial donor, such as EDTA, is introduced into the system. Using metal nanoclusters as a photosensitizer for hydrogen generation lays the foundation for the future exploration of other metal nanoclusters with well-controlled numbers of metal atoms and capping ligands.
Pyramid Stereo Matching Network Chang, Jia-Ren; Chen, Yong-Sheng
2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Conference Proceeding
Odprti dostop
Recent work has shown that depth estimation from a stereo pair of images can be formulated as a supervised learning task to be resolved with convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, current ...architectures rely on patch-based Siamese networks, lacking the means to exploit context information for finding correspondence in ill-posed regions. To tackle this problem, we propose PSMNet, a pyramid stereo matching network consisting of two main modules: spatial pyramid pooling and 3D CNN. The spatial pyramid pooling module takes advantage of the capacity of global context information by aggregating context in different scales and locations to form a cost volume. The 3D CNN learns to regularize cost volume using stacked multiple hourglass networks in conjunction with intermediate supervision. The proposed approach was evaluated on several benchmark datasets. Our method ranked first in the KITTI 2012 and 2015 leaderboards before March 18, 2018. The codes of PSMNet are available at: https://github.com/JiaRenChang/PSMNet.
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