Using a combination of single-cell analysis of skin samples from patients with vitiligo, cell-type-specific genetic knockouts, and engraftment experiment, the researchers identified that subsets of ...interferon (IFN) γ responsive fibroblasts are essential for skin recruitment, local aggregation, and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells targeting epidermal melanocytes. ...this study further revealed that in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, IFNγ-responsive dermal fibroblasts are not only uniquely required but also sufficient to induce local aggregation of CD8+ T cells. ...blocking the activation signals may be a key approach to targeting fibroblasts. ...targeting these chemokine-chemokine receptor signaling and the downstream signaling proteins JAK1, JAK2, and STAT1 may also deserve further investigations. ...we can perform gene ontology analysis on the transcriptome of fibroblast subtypes in mouse models and vitiligo patients to figure out the specific enrichment of IFN-γ pathway gene cell subsets.
Group target tracking (GTT) is a promising approach for countering unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, the complex distribution and high mobility of UAV swarms may limit GTTs performance. To ...enhance GTT performance for UAV swarms, this paper proposes potential solutions. An automatic measurement partitioning method based on ordering points to identify the clustering structure (OPTICS) is suggested to handle non-uniform measurements with arbitrary contour distribution. Maneuver modeling of UAV swarms using deep learning methods is proposed to improve centroid tracking precision. Furthermore, the group's three-dimensional (3D) shape can be estimated more accurately by applying key point extraction and preset geometric models. Finally, optimized criteria are proposed to improve the spawning or combination of tracking groups. In the future, the proposed solutions will undergo rigorous derivations and be evaluated under harsh simulation conditions to assess their effectiveness.
In this paper, we consider reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted integrated satellite high-altitude platform terrestrial networks (IS-HAP-TNs) that can improve network performance by ...exploiting the HAP stability and RIS reflection. Specifically, the reflector RIS is installed on the side of HAP to reflect signals from the multiple ground user equipment (UE) to the satellite. To aim at maximizing the system sum rate, we jointly optimize the transmit beamforming matrix at the ground UEs and RIS phase shift matrix. Due to the limitation of the unit modulus of the RIS reflective elements constraint, the combinatorial optimization problem is difficult to tackle effectively by traditional solving methods. Based on this, this paper studies the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm to achieve online decision making for this joint optimization problem. In addition, it is verified through simulation experiments that the proposed DRL algorithm outperforms the standard scheme in terms of system performance, execution time, and computing speed, making real-time decision making truly feasible.
The chemoselective hydrogenation of unsaturated carbonyl compounds is one of the most important and challenging chemical processes in the fine chemical synthesis field, where intermetallic compounds ...(IMCs) have attracted extensive interest as efficient catalysts. In this work, we demonstrate the preparation of several Ni–In IMCs (Ni3In, Ni2In, NiIn, and Ni2In3) with a tunable particle size via the utilization of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) precursors that exhibit largely enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity toward the hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. H2-TPR and semi-in situ XRD measurements reveal a coreduction process in the topotactic transformation of NiIn-LDHs materials to Ni–In IMCs. The catalytic behavior toward various unsaturated carbonyl compounds (e.g., furfural, 1-phenyltanol, crotonaldehyde, and 2-hexenal) can be improved by the modulation of the Ni/In ratio and the particle size of these Ni–In IMCs. For instance, a yield of 99% for the hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol was obtained over supported Ni2In catalyst (particle size 5.1 nm, 110 °C, 3 MP, 2 h). The XAFS characterization and DFT calculation further reveal the electron transfer and active-site isolation in Ni–In IMCs, accounting for the largely enhanced hydrogenation selectivity. The control over the activity and selectivity of Ni–In IMCs catalysts makes them promising candidates for the chemoselective hydrogenation of unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
Mammals rely on vision and self-motion information in nature to distinguish directions and navigate accurately and stably. Inspired by the mammalian brain neurons to represent the spatial ...environment, the brain-inspired positioning method based on multi-sensors’ input is proposed to solve the problem of accurate navigation in the absence of satellite signals. In the research related to the application of brain-inspired engineering, it is not common to fuse various sensor information to improve positioning accuracy and decode navigation parameters from the encoded information of the brain-inspired model. Therefore, this paper establishes the head-direction cell model and the place cell model with application potential based on continuous attractor neural networks (CANNs) to encode visual and inertial input information, and then decodes the direction and position according to the population neuron firing response. The experimental results confirm that the brain-inspired navigation model integrates a variety of information, outputs more accurate and stable navigation parameters, and generates motion paths. The proposed model promotes the effective development of brain-inspired navigation research.
Chronic urticaria (CU) is a common skin disorder, which can be further divided into chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU). Omalizumab is effective and safe for ...difficult-to-treat CSU based on clinical trials. However, there are limited data comparing the therapeutic effect of omalizumab for patients with CSU, CIndU, and CSU plus CIndU. Meanwhile, there is still no reliable predictor for treatment response or relapse. Our study was conducted to collect real-world clinical data on omalizumab treatment in patients with CSU, CIndU, and both.
This was an observational, retrospective chart review of patients with CU initiating omalizumab treatment between February 2018 and May 2020 (maximum 28 months follow-up).
A total of 138 patients were included, 87 with CSU alone, 33 with different forms of CIndU, and 18 with both. A total of 87.0% (n = 120/138) of the CU patients responded to omalizumab therapy, among which 65.2% (n = 90/138) of the patients showed complete response and 21.7% (n = 30/138) of the patients showed partial response. The therapeutic effect and speed of onset of effect for omalizumab were comparable among patients with CSU, CIndU, or both. Autologous serum skin test (ASST)-positive patients were more likely to show a slow response to omalizumab therapy (P = 0.043). Non-responders had lower baseline total IgE levels (35.0 vs 121.5 kU/L, P < 0.001). The proportion of patients with low total IgE levels in non-responders was significantly higher than that of responders (61.1% vs. 14.5%, P < 0.001). Also, more non-responder patients had elevated thyroid autoantibodies than responders (50.0% vs. 23.0%, P = 0.041). The median ratio of serum IgG-anti-TPO to serum total IgE in non-responders was significantly higher compared with responders (1.22 vs. 0.09, P < 0.001). Non-responders also had shorter treatment periods (4.5 vs 6.0 months, P = 0.035) compared with responders. Two of 3 patients (67.4%, n = 29/43) experienced relapse after ceasing omalizumab therapy. These patients had longer disease durations (52.0 vs. 15.0 months, P = 0.007) and higher baseline total IgE levels (179.9 vs. 72.5 kU/L, P = 0.020) than patients who did not relapse. We reinitiated omalizumab treatment for 10 relapsed patients, all of them reported a rapid response after the first injection within the first 4 weeks of retreatment.
Omalizumab is highly effective in patients with difficult-to-treat CSU, CIndU, or both. Responders tend to have unique immunological features and longer treatment periods. Patients with higher baseline total IgE levels and longer disease durations are more likely to experience rapid relapse after discontinuation of omalizumab.
A chaotic system with a hyperbolic function flux-controlled memristor is designed, which exhibits conditional symmetry and attractor growing. The newly introduced cosine function keeps the polarity ...balance when some of the variables get polarity inversed and correspondingly conditional symmetric coexisting chaotic attractors are coined. Due to the periodicity of the cosine function, the memristive system with infinitely many coexisting attractors shows attractor growing in some special circumstances. Analog circuit experiment proves the theoretical and numerical analysis.
With the development of space missions, the increasing communication data volume, the diversity of mission-specific interfaces, and the growing security needs, the costs and system complexity of ...ground stations have increased. The architecture of the existing ground terminal is outdated and the operation and maintenance are labor-intensive, so the terminal components are unable to meet the demand of multi-satellite TT&C in the future. In this paper, a Shared Satellite Ground Station(SSGS) using user-oriented virtualization technology is proposed for coping with complex multi-satellite TT&C in the future. Based on a pool architecture, SSGS utilizes baseband processor virtualization and software-defined networking to implement resource sharing and a network that fuses high-speed and low-speed data streams with customization control. The case analysis verifies that when SSGS has a virtualization rate greater than 1, the execution rate of tasks is much larger than that of traditional ground stations. The case analysis also verifies that the virtualization rate of current commercial equipment is no less than 1.25 through equipment testing.
The chemoselective hydrogenation of alkyne is of great importance in the chemical industry, in which intermetallic compounds (IMCs) have attracted extensive interest as efficient catalysts. Herein, ...we demonstrate the preparation of several supported Ni–Ga IMCs (Ni3Ga, Ni5Ga3, and NiGa) via a facile in situ reduction of layered double hydroxide (LDH) precursors, which demonstrate significantly improved catalytic activity and selectivity for the selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene to styrene. The composition and particle size of Ni–Ga IMCs can be tuned by adjusting the Ni/Ga ratio or reduction temperature during the topotactic transformation process of LDHs, and the best catalytic behavior can be obtained over the Ni3Ga IMC with a styrene yield of 87.7 % (particle size=7.2 nm at 40 °C and 0.3 MPa), which is better than that of most of the reported Ni catalysts. The X‐ray absorption fine‐structure characterization and DFT calculations reveal the electron transfer from Ga to Ni and active‐site isolation by Ga in Ni–Ga IMCs, which account for the excellent hydrogenation selectivity. The significantly improved catalytic performance makes Ni–Ga IMC catalysts promising candidates for the selective hydrogenation of alkyne.
The effect of isolation: Well‐dispersed Ni–Ga intermetallic compounds with tunable particle size demonstrate excellent catalytic behavior in the selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene to styrene. X‐ray absorption fine‐structure characterization and DFT calculations reveal the electron transfer and active‐site isolation effect in the Ni–Ga intermetallic compounds (IMCs), accounting for the enhanced hydrogenation selectivity.
As a method of business communication, emails play an essential role in establishing relationships and support systems among colleagues, partners, and sponsors to achieve business goals. Research has ...suggested that nonnative speakers of English and novice writers face challenges when composing professional email requests for business purposes. Previous studies have underscored the importance of phrase frames (p-frames), which are recurring multi-word sequences with a variable slot, to fulfill rhetorical functions in academic discourse. However, little research has explored how p-frames are used for written communications in business workplace contexts. This study investigated five-word p-frames used for rhetorical moves in business email requests. Using 1,148 authentic request emails extracted from the Avocado Research Email Collection corpus, we analyzed the distribution and linguistic characteristics of p-frames across five rhetorical moves. Results showed that p-frames were unevenly distributed across the rhetorical moves in business request emails. Two moves, making the inquiry and closing, showed the highest degree of formulaicity. P-frames were used in a variety of messages to soften demands and express politeness. This study has pedagogical implications for teaching English for business purposes to both L2 learners and novice writers.
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