Promotion of iron solubility using ligands is the preliminary step in the homogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) process at a mild pH, but the chelate efficiencies of most organic ligands are ...unsatisfactory, resulting in insufficient Fe(II) availability. In this study, atomic H* was, for the first time, introduced to the EF process to accelerate the regeneration of the Fe(II)-complex at a mild pH using a Ni-deposited carbon felt (Ni-CF) cathode. The introduction of atomic H* significantly elevated total organic carbon (TOC) abatement of ciprofloxacin (CIP) from 42% (CF) to 81% (Ni-CF) at a natural pH. In the presence of humic acids (HAs), atomic H* introduced via Ni-CF enhanced the CIP degradation rate to 10 times that of the CF at a mild pH. The electron spin resonance (ESR), density functional theory (DFT) calculations, electrochemical characterization, and in situ electrochemical Raman study clearly demonstrated that the atomic H* generated from the Ni-CF cathode was highly efficient at reducing Fe(III)-complexes at a natural pH. Additionally, the Ni-CF could generate atomic H* without significant nickel leaching. Thus, the atomic H* could continuously facilitate iron cycling and, consequently, enhance pollutant mineralization via the homogeneous EF process at a mild pH in an environmentally friendly manner.
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are developed rapidly in efficiency and stability in recent years, which can compete with silicon solar cells. However, an important obstacle to the commercialization of ...PSCs is the toxicity of lead ions (Pb2+) from water‐soluble perovskites. The entry of free Pb2+ into organisms can cause severe harm to humans, such as blood lead poisoning, organ failure, etc. Therefore, this work reports a “lead isolation‐capture” dual detoxification strategy with calcium disodium edetate (EDTA Na‐Ca), which can inhibit lead leakage from PSCs under extreme conditions. More importantly, leaked lead exists in a nontoxic aggregation state chelated by EDTA. For the first time, in vivo experiments are conducted in mice to systematically prove that this material has a significant inhibitory effect on the toxicity of perovskites. In addition, this strategy can further enhance device performance, enabling the optimized devices to achieve an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.19%. This innovative strategy is a major breakthrough in the research on the prevention of lead toxicity in PSCs.
This work proposes the concept of an all‐round detoxification strategy of “lead isolation and capture” on perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for the first time, and the adequate in vivo experiments in mice reveal that this material has significant inhibitory effect on the toxicity of perovskite. This strategy can further enhance the device performance, achieving an impressive power conversion efficiency of 25.19%.
Defects can introduce atomic structural modulation and tailor performance of materials. Herein, it demonstrates that semiconductor WO
with inert electrocatalytic behavior can be activated through ...defect-induced tensile strains. Structural characterizations reveal that when simply treated in Ar/H
atmosphere, oxygen vacancies will generate in WO
and cause defective structures. Stacking faults are found in defects, thus modulating electronic structure and transforming electrocatalytic-inert WO
into highly active electrocatalysts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed to calculate
H adsorption energies on various WO
surfaces, revealing the oxygen vacancy composition and strain predicted to optimize the catalytic activity of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Such defective tungsten oxides can be integrated into commercial proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyser with comparable performance toward Pt-based PEM. This work demonstrates defective metal oxides as promising non-noble metal catalysts for commercial PEM green-hydrogen generation.
Elymus breviaristatus and Elymus sinosubmuticus are perennial herbs, not only morphologically similar but also sympatric distribution. The genome composition of E. sinosubmuticus has not been ...reported, and the relationship between E. sinosubmuticus and E. breviaristatus is still controversial. We performed artificial hybridization, genomic in situ hybridization, and phylogenetic analyses to clarify whether the two taxa were the same species.
The high frequency bivalent (with an average of 20.62 bivalents per cell) at metaphase I of pollen mother cells of the artificial hybrids of E. breviaristatus (StYH) × E. sinosubmuticus was observed. It illustrated that E. sinosubmuticus was closely related to E. breviaristatus. Based on genomic in situ hybridization results, we confirmed that E. sinosubmuticus was an allohexaploid, and the genomic constitution was StYH. Phylogenetic analysis results also supported that this species contained St, Y, and H genomes. In their F
hybrids, pollen activity was 53.90%, and the seed setting rate was 22.46%. Those indicated that the relationship between E. sinosubmuticus and E. breviaristatus is intersubspecific rather than interspecific, and it is reasonable to treated E. sinosubmuticus as the subspecies of E. breviaristatus.
In all, the genomic constitutions of E. sinosubmuticus and E. breviaristatus were StYH, and they are species in the genus Campeiostachys. Because E. breviaristatus was treated as Campeistachys breviaristata, Elymus sinosubmuticus should be renamed Campeiostachys breviaristata (Keng) Y. H. Zhou, H. Q. Zhang et C. R. Yang subsp. sinosubmuticus (S. L. Chen) Y. H. Zhou, H. Q. Zhang et L. Tan.
Abstract Integrating genomics and histology for cancer prognosis demonstrates promise. Here, we develop a multi-classifier system integrating a lncRNA-based classifier, a deep learning ...whole-slide-image-based classifier, and a clinicopathological classifier to accurately predict post-surgery localized (stage I–III) papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) recurrence. The multi-classifier system demonstrates significantly higher predictive accuracy for recurrence-free survival (RFS) compared to the three single classifiers alone in the training set and in both validation sets (C-index 0.831-0.858 vs. 0.642-0.777, p < 0.05). The RFS in our multi-classifier-defined high-risk stage I/II and grade 1/2 groups is significantly worse than in the low-risk stage III and grade 3/4 groups (p < 0.05). Our multi-classifier system is a practical and reliable predictor for recurrence of localized pRCC after surgery that can be used with the current staging system to more accurately predict disease course and inform strategies for individualized adjuvant therapy.
Immunotherapy has dramatically changed the landscape of treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC), but currently lack of effective predictive biomarker, especially for tumors with mismatch repair (MMR) ...proficiency. The response of immunotherapy is associated with the cell-cell interactions in tumor microenvironment, encompassing processes such as cell-cell recognition, binding, and adhesion. However, the function of immunoglobulin superfamily (IGSF) genes in tumor immune microenvironment remains uncharacterized. This study quantified the immune landscape by leveraging a gene expression matrix from publicly accessible databases. The associations between IGSF6 gene expression and immune cell infiltration were assessed. The expression levels of IGSF6, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells and CD68+ macrophage cells in cancer tissues from CRC patients and CRC cell lines were evaluated. IGSF6 was more highly expressed in CRC tumor tissues than adjacent normal tissues. And IGSF6 was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration in MMR-proficient patients. Remarkably, MMR-proficient patients with high IGSF6 expression showed more sensitive to immunotherapy and chemotherapy than those with low IGSF6 expression. In summary, IGSF6 could be a novel biomarker to evaluate immune infiltration and predict therapeutic effect for MMR-proficient CRC.
The continuous growth of pathogenic microorganisms and associated biofilms poses severe public health challenges, particularly in food and clinical environments. However, these difficulties have ...enabled scientists to develop novel and safe methods for combating pathogens. The use of biofilms produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against pathogenic bacteria has recently gained popularity. This review provides an in-depth look at LAB biofilms, their distribution, and mechanisms of action against pathogenic bacteria. More importantly, the bioactive substances produced by LAB-forming biofilm may be active against undesirable microorganisms and their products, which is of great interest in improving human health. Therefore, this review implies that a combination of LAB biofilms and other LAB products like bacteriocins could provide viable alternatives to traditional methods of combating pathogenic microorganisms and their biofilms.
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a critical risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI). Recent studies provided evidence that tubular epithelial cells (TEC)-associated inflammation aggravates kidney ...injury and impairs tissue repair after I/R injury. Here we demonstrated that the Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is activated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) during I/R injury via direct interactions between the inflammasome and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). Firstly, we found that NLRP3 inflammasome activation was induced by I/R injury, peaking at day 3 after reperfusion. Consistent with this observation, NLRP3 deletion significantly attenuated I/R-induced kidney damage and markers of inflammasome activation. Then, we observed mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by ultrastructural changes and cytochrome C (Cyt c) redistribution. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoTEMPO prevented mROS overproduction and the decline in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in vitro. MitoTEMPO treatment also inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and co-localization of NLRP3 and TXNIP after simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) injury. Finally, we transfected HK-2 cells with TXNIP siRNA to explore the role of TXNIP in mROS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We found that TXNIP siRNA significantly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These results demonstrate that NLRP3 inflammasome is activated through the mROS-TXNIP-NLRP3 pathway and provide a potential therapeutic target in ischemic AKI.
Background The benefit of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in chronic kidney disease populations remains unclear. This study evaluated the cardiovascular and renal outcomes in ...patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease with different LDL-C levels during statin treatment. Methods and Results There were 8500 patients newly diagnosed as having stage 3 chronic kidney disease under statin treatment who were identified from the Chang Gung Research Database and divided into 3 groups according to their first LDL-C level after the index date: <70 mg/dL, 70 to 100 mg/dL, and >100 mg/dL. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was performed to balance baseline characteristics. Compared with the LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL group, the 70≤LDL-C<100 mg/dL group exhibited significantly lower risks of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (6.8% versus 8.8%; subdistribution hazard ratio SHR, 0.76 95% CI, 0.64-0.91), intracerebral hemorrhage (0.23% versus 0.51%; SHR, 0.44 95% CI, 0.25-0.77), and new-onset end-stage renal disease requiring chronic dialysis (7.6% versus 9.1%; SHR, 0.82 95% CI, 0.73-0.91). By contrast, the LDL-C <70 mg/dL group exhibited a marginally lower risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (7.3% versus 8.8%; SHR, 0.82 95% CI, 0.65-1.02) and a significantly lower risk of new-onset end-stage renal disease requiring chronic dialysis (7.1% versus 9.1%; SHR, 0.76 95% CI, 0.67-0.85). Conclusions Among patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease, statin users with 70≤LDL-C<100 mg/dL and with LDL-C <70 mg/dL had similar beneficial effect in the reduction of risks of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events and new-onset end-stage renal disease compared with those with LDL-C >100 mg/dL. Moreover, the 70≤LDL-C<100 mg/dL group seemed to have a lowest risk of intracerebral hemorrhage, although the incidence was low.
Background
Elymus atratus
(Nevski) Hand.-Mazz. is perennial hexaploid wheatgrass. It was assigned to the genus
Elymus
L. sensu stricto based on morphological characters. Its genome constitution has ...not been disentangled yet.
Objective
To identify the genome constitution and origin of
E. atratus
.
Methods
In this study, genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization, and phylogenetic analysis based on the
Acc1, DMC1
and
matK
sequences were performed.
Results
Genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization results reveal that
E. atratus
2n = 6x = 42 is composed of 14
St
genome chromosomes, 14
H
genome chromosomes, and 14
Y
genome chromosomes including two
H
-
Y
type translocation chromosomes, suggesting that the genome formula of
E. atratus
is
StStYYHH
. The phylogenetic analysis based on
Acc1
and
DMC1
sequences not only shows that the
Y
genome originated in a separate diploid, but also suggests that
Pseudoroegneria
(
St
),
Hordeum
(
H
), and a diploid species with
Y
genome were the potential donors of
E. atratus
. Data from chloroplast DNA showed that the maternal donor of
E. atratus
contains the
St
genome.
Conclusion
Elymus atratus
is an allohexaploid species with
StYH
genome, which may have originated through the hybridization between an allotetraploid
Roegneria
(
StY
) species as the maternal donor and a diploid
Hordeum
(
H
) species as the paternal donor.
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