Cryo-assemblies with the Nb 3 Sn MQXFA low-beta quadrupoles for the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade will be tested at Fermilab's magnet test facility. A total of 10 cryo-assemblies will be ...delivered to CERN within the US HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP). The horizontal test stand at Fermilab already has been used for testing the existing LHC inner-triplet quadrupoles, but the stand and corresponding electrical and cryogenic sub-systems were not operational for more than a decade. In order to restore the test stand functions and meet the design and test requirements for the HL-LHC magnets, the existing horizontal test facility at Fermilab underwent a significant refurbishment of the cryogenic and mechanical components. Most of the upgrades were completed and verified during so called zero-magnet test by late 2020, and then final commissioning of the upgraded horizontal test stand was completed during the first cryo-assembly test in 2023. These tests verified the major cryo-mechanical installations, as well as the basic test stand operations, including controlled cooldown and operation at 1.9 K, magnet protection and process controls. Overview of the Fermilab's horizontal test facility upgrade and commissioning of these upgrades are presented in this paper.
MQXFA production series quadrupole magnets are being built for the Hi-Lumi (HL) LHC upgrade by the U.S. Accelerator Upgrade Project (US-HL-LHC AUP). These magnets are being placed in pairs, as a cold ...mass, within cryostats at Fermilab, and are being tested to assess alignment and magnetic performance at Fermilab's horizontal test stand facility. The ∼10 m - long assembly must meet stringent specifications for quadrupole strength and harmonic field integrals determination, magnetic axis position, and for magnet variations in positioning and local field profile. This paper describes the results of the magnetic and alignment measurements which characterize the first LQXFA/B assembly.
The High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN will include eight cryo-assemblies that are expected to be fabricated and delivered to CERN by the US HL-LHC Accelerator ...Upgrade Project (AUP) as part of the U.S. contributions to the HL-LHC. These cryostat assemblies are the quadrupole magnetic components of the HL-LHC Q1 and Q3 inner triplet optical elements in front of the two interaction points. Each cryo-assembly consists of two 4.2 m long Nb 3 Sn quadrupole magnets with aperture 150 mm and operating gradient 132.6 T/m. The first pre-series cryo-assembly has been fabricated and successfully tested at the horizontal test facility at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. In this manuscript we report the quench test results of the LQXFA/B-01 cryo-assembly. The primary objective of the horizontal test is full cryo-assembly qualification and validation of the performance requirements.
New high field and large-aperture quadrupole magnets for the low-beta inner triplets (Q1, Q2, Q3) have been built and tested as part of the high-luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider ...(HL-LHC). These new quadrupole magnets are based on Nb3Sn superconducting technology. The US Accelerator Upgrade Project (US-AUP) is producing the Q1 and Q3 Cryo-Assemblies: a pair of ∼5 m long magnet structures installed in a stainless-steel helium vessel (Cold Mass) and surrounded by cryostat shields, piping, and a vacuum vessel. This paper gives an overview of the design, production, and the results of the horizontal test of the first pre-series Q1/Q3 Cryo-Assembly.
Accelerator magnet test facilities frequently need to measure different magnets on differently equipped test stands and with different instrumentation. Designing a modular and highly reusable system ...that combines flexibility built-in at the architectural level as well as on the component level addresses this need. Specification of the backbone of the system, with the interfaces and dataflow for software components and core hardware modules, serves as a basis for building such a system. The design process and implementation of an extensible magnetic measurement data acquisition and control system are described, including techniques for maximizing the reuse of software. The discussion is supported by showing the application of this methodology to constructing two dissimilar systems for rotating coil measurements, both based on the same architecture and sharing core hardware modules and many software components. The first system is for production testing 10 m long cryo-assemblies containing two MQXFA quadrupole magnets for the high-luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider and the second for testing IQC conventional quadrupole magnets in support of the accelerator system at Fermilab.
MDPCT1 Quench Data and Performance Analysis Stoynev, S.; Baldini, M.; Barzi, E. ...
IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity,
09/2022, Letnik:
32, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
MDPCT1is a four-layer cos-theta Nb 3 Sn dipole demonstrator developed and tested at FNAL in the framework of the U.S. Magnet Development Program. The magnet reached record fields for accelerator ...magnets of 14.1 T at 4.5 K in the first test and 14.5 T at 1.9 K in the second test and then showed large degradation. While its inner coils performed exceptionally well with only two quenches up to 14.5 T and no evidence of degradation, the outer coils degraded over the course of testing. By adopting new measurement and analysis techniques at FNAL we are discussing in detail what happened. Both success and failure in our diagnostics are discussed. The evolution of techniques over the course of two tests (and three thermal cycles) shows the path to address challenges brought by the first four-layer magnet tested at FNAL. This paper presents the analysis of quench data along with diagnostic features and complementary measurements taken in support of the magnet performance analysis.
A quench detection system was developed for protecting and monitoring the superconducting (SC) solenoids for the Muon-to-Electron Conversion Experiment (Mu2e) at Fermilab. The quench system was ...designed for a high level of dependability and long-term continuous operation. It is based on three tiers: Tier-1, FPGA-based Digital Quench Detection (DQD); Tier-2, Analog Quench Detection (AQD); and Tier-3, the quench controls and data management system. The Tier-1 and Tier-2 systems are completely independent and fully redundant. The Tier-3 system is based on National Instruments (NI) cRIO and provides the user interface for quench controls and data management. It is independent from Tiers 1 & 2. The DQD provides both quench detection and quench characterization (monitoring) capability. Both DQD and AQD have built-in high voltage isolation and user programmable gains and attenuations. The DQD and AQD also includes user configured current dependent thresholding and validation times. A 1 st article of the three-tier system was fully implemented on the new Fermilab magnet test stand for the HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP). It successfully provided quench protection and monitoring (QPM) for a cold superconducting bus test in November 2020. The Mu2e quench detection design has since been implemented for production testing of the AUP magnets. A detailed description of the system along with results from the AUP superconducting bus test will be presented.
LQXFA/B production series cryogenic assemblies are being built for the LHC upgrade by the HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP). These contain a pair of MQXFA quadrupole magnets combined as a cold ...mass within a vacuum vessel, and are to be installed in the IR regions of the LHC. The LQXFA/B are being tested at 1.9 K to assess alignment and magnetic performance at Fermilab's horizontal test facility. The ∼10 m long assembly must meet stringent specifications for quadrupole strength and harmonic field integrals determination, magnetic axis location, and for variations in axis position and local field profiles. A multi-probe, PCB-based rotating coil and a Single Stretched Wire system are employed for these measurements. To accurately determine rotating coil location and angles within the cold mass, a laser tracker is utilized to record multiple targets at one end of the probe. This paper describes the measurements, probes/equipment, and techniques used to perform the necessary characterization of the cold mass.
During the development of MQXF, the new Nb 3 Sn quadrupole to be used in the large hadron collider (LHC) inner triplets for the High Luminosity upgrade, three short models were tested: MQXFS1, ...MQXFS3, and MQXFS5. These models differ in the use of thin or thick laminations for the iron components, in the coil design, and in the superconductive strands, rod restack process (RRP) or powder in tube (PIT). In the MQXF design, the azimuthal prestress is provided at room temperature by means of the bladder-key technology, and it is further increased during the cooldown by the differential thermal contraction of the various components. Four aluminum rods provide the longitudinal prestress. Both systems allow for a flexible control of the amount of prestress applied. As a consequence, it was possible to test the models exploring different azimuthal and longitudinal prestress conditions, in an attempt to understand their impact on the magnet performances. This paper studies the mechanical behavior of these short models, also providing the strain and stresses measured by means of strain gauges installed on the aluminum shell, on the winding poles and on the rods. Finally, the paper compares the measures with the results from finite element (FE) models.
PDF
