This paper presents a LiGA (German acronym for LIthografie, Galvanoformung, Abformung) based micro biopsy actuator for the capsular endoscope. The proposed fabricated actuator aims to extract sample ...tissues inside small gastric intestines, that cannot be reached by conventional biopsy. The actuator size is 10 mm in diameter and 1.8 mm in length. The mechanism is of a slider-crank type. The actuator consists of trigger, rotational module, and micro biopsy tool. The core components are fabricated using the LiGA process, for overcoming the limitations in accuracy of conventional precision machining.
Single column transient isotachophoresis (TITP) system and cyclic CE chip is integrated on PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) chip. ITP part can concentrate low concentrated sample by over the 500-folded ...times. In addition, as additional coating of EOF modifier, the velocity and resolution is improved. The focusing of sample and separation is processed in a single column. The TITP chip has the disadvantage of low resolution, because it has the limited channel length with a limited voltage for a general CE chip. So, the focused sample was separated in the cyclic CE. The focused high concentration sample became the plug of the cyclic CE. Cyclic CE, which is the one of the channel network structures, has advantages in downsizing and a low operation voltage. However, there are some problems such as sample loss when the injected plug encounters the junctions in the middle of the channel. This paper will show the optimum design that these problem was considered. By a dyestuff experiment, the procedure of focusing step and separation are observed and studied. All these procedure is operated by just E-field. The chloride ion is used as the leading electrolyte, and the volume of injection is about 20 /spl mu/L. Under our LIF conditions, the sample concentrated over the 500-folded times and cyclic CE chip showed < 2 % degradation per junction. This means the high resolution CE analysis has 100,000 plate numbers after a three and one quarter cycle in just 3.5 /spl times/ 6 cm chip.
In this paper, we present an image contrast enhancing method based on the piecewise linear approximation of the cumulative density function (CDF). Reduced hardware is required for CDF calculation, ...since the number of bins is greatly reduced thanks to this approximation. With the proposed method, various contrast enhancing effects can be implemented such as histogram equalization, partial or entire histogram modification.
A novel motion adaptive de-interlacing algorithm is described. The accuracy of motion detection between fields is significantly improved by difference calculation with the brightness profile pattern ...instead of the simple pixel differences. The performance of a pure spatial interpolation is also enhanced by a directional filtering combined with hierarchical rule based detection scheme. The proposed algorithm is successfully implemented in (H)DTV video display processor.
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