To improve the reliability of dc microgrids operation, an enhanced power line communication (PLC) strategy is proposed using switching frequency modulation (SFM) of a power converter. The proposed ...PLC strategy uses the voltage ripple on the dc bus voltage, which is inherently generated by converter's switching activities as an information signal. By using the SFM, all microgrid components sharing the dc bus as communication channel can obtain power flow information with fast Fourier transform analysis of dc bus line frequency. In addition, the operating performance of the dc bus voltage regulator is enhanced over a range of light load conditions. The proposed PLC strategy and design of modulated frequency range are verified through experimental results using a 3.3 kW prototype dual active bridge converter.
In this work, we present a true 3D 128 Gb 2 bit/cell vertical-NAND (V-NAND) Flash product for the first time. The use of barrier-engineered materials and gate all-around structure in the 3D V-NAND ...cell exhibits advantages over 1 × nm planar NAND, such as small Vth shift due to small cell coupling and narrow natural Vth distribution. Also, a negative counter-pulse scheme realizes a tightly programmed cell distribution. In order to reduce the effect of a large WL coupling, a glitch-canceling discharge scheme and a pre-offset control scheme is implemented. Furthermore, an external high-voltage supply scheme along with the proper protection scheme for a high-voltage failure is used to achieve low power consumption. The chip accomplishes 50 MB/s write throughput with 3 K endurance for typical embedded applications. Also, extended endurance of 35 K is achieved with 36 MB/s of write throughput for data center and enterprise SSD applications.
Summary
Dysregulation of O‐GlcNAc modification catalyzed by O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O‐GlcNAcase (OGA) contributes to the etiology of chronic diseases of aging, including cancer, cardiovascular ...disease, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. Here we found that natural aging in wild‐type mice was marked by a decrease in OGA and OGT protein levels and an increase in O‐GlcNAcylation in various tissues. Genetic disruption of OGA resulted in constitutively elevated O‐GlcNAcylation in embryos and led to neonatal lethality with developmental delay. Importantly, we observed that serum‐stimulated cell cycle entry induced increased O‐GlcNAcylation and decreased its level after release from G2/M arrest, indicating that O‐GlcNAc cycling by OGT and OGA is required for precise cell cycle control. Constitutively, elevated O‐GlcNAcylation by OGA disruption impaired cell proliferation and resulted in mitotic defects with downregulation of mitotic regulators. OGA loss led to mitotic defects including cytokinesis failure and binucleation, increased lagging chromosomes, and micronuclei formation. These findings suggest an important role for O‐GlcNAc cycling by OGA in embryonic development and the regulation of the maintenance of genomic stability linked to the aging process.
Semiconducting ink based on 2D single‐crystal flakes with dangling‐bond‐free surfaces enables the implementation of high‐performance devices on form‐free substrates by cost‐effective and scalable ...printing processes. However, the lack of solution‐processed p‐type 2D semiconducting inks with high mobility is an obstacle to the development of complementary integrated circuits. Here, a versatile strategy of doping with Br2 is reported to enhance the hole mobility by orders of magnitude for p‐type transistors with 2D layered materials. Br2‐doped WSe2 transistors show a field‐effect hole mobility of more than 27 cm2 V−1 s−1, and a high on/off current ratio of ≈107, and exhibits excellent operational stability during the on‐off switching, cycling, and bias stressing testing. Moreover, complementary inverters composed of patterned p‐type WSe2 and n‐type MoS2 layered films are demonstrated with an ultra‐high gain of 1280 under a driving voltage (VDD) of 7 V. This work unveils the high potential of solution‐processed 2D semiconductors with low‐temperature processability for flexible devices and monolithic circuitry.
Solution‐processed high‐performance p‐type WSe2 thin‐film transistor is successfully fabricated by Br2‐doping with a field‐effect hole mobility of more than 27 cm2 V−1 s−1, and a high on/off current ratio of ≈107. The resulting complementary inverters with patterned p‐type WSe2 and n‐type MoS2 layered films reaches an ultra‐high gain of 1280 under a driving voltage (VDD) of 7 V.
Aging is a fundamental biological process. Characterization of genetic and environmental factors that influence lifespan is a crucial step toward understanding the mechanisms of aging at the organism ...level. To capture the different effects of genetic and environmental factors on lifespan, appropriate statistical analyses are needed.
We developed an online application for survival analysis (OASIS) that helps conduct various novel statistical tasks involved in analyzing survival data in a user-friendly manner. OASIS provides standard survival analysis results including Kaplan-Meier estimates and mean/median survival time by taking censored survival data. OASIS also provides various statistical tests including comparison of mean survival time, overall survival curve, and survival rate at specific time point. To visualize survival data, OASIS generates survival and log cumulative hazard plots that enable researchers to easily interpret their experimental results. Furthermore, we provide statistical methods that can analyze variances among survival datasets. In addition, users can analyze proportional effects of risk factors on survival.
OASIS provides a platform that is essential to facilitate efficient statistical analyses of survival data in the field of aging research. Web application and a detailed description of algorithms are accessible from http://sbi.postech.ac.kr/oasis.
Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have drawn much interest over the last decade owing to their absence of dangling bonds and their intriguing low‐dimensional properties. The emergence of 2D ...materials has enabled the achievement of significant progress in both the discovery of physical phenomena and the realization of superior devices. In this work, the group IV metal chalcogenide 2D‐layered Ge4Se9 is introduced as a new selection of insulating vdW material. 2D‐layered Ge4Se9 is synthesized with a rectangular shape using the metalcorganic chemical vapor deposition system using a liquid germanium precursor at 240 °C. By stacking the Ge4Se9 and MoS2, vdW heterostructure devices are fabricated with a giant memory window of 129 V by sweeping back gate range of ±80 V. The gate‐independent decay time reveals that the large hysteresis is induced by the interfacial charge transfer, which originates from the low band offset. Moreover, repeatable conductance changes are observed over the 2250 pulses with low non‐linearity values of 0.26 and 0.95 for potentiation and depression curves, respectively. The energy consumption of the MoS2/Ge4Se9 device is about 15 fJ for operating energy and the learning accuracy of image classification reaches 88.3%, which further proves the great potential of artificial synapses.
Ge4Se9, a new insulating 2D‐layered material, is synthesized using metal–organic chemical vapor deposition at 240 °C with low‐reactive precursors. The 2D‐layered Ge4Se9 forms a low band offset with MoS2, exhibiting a large memory window with linear gate‐tunability. As an artificial synapse, the MoS2/Ge4Se9 heterostructure exhibits synaptic updates with low non‐linearity of 0.26 and low energy consumption of 15 fJ.
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) containing low-sequence complexity domains mediate the formation of cellular condensates and membrane-less organelles with biological functions via liquid‒liquid phase ...separation (LLPS). However, the abnormal phase transition of these proteins induces the formation of insoluble aggregates. Aggregates are pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The molecular mechanisms underlying aggregate formation by ALS-associated RPBs remain largely unknown. This review highlights emerging studies on various posttranslational modifications (PTMs) related to protein aggregation. We begin with the introduction of several ALS-associated RBPs that form aggregates induced by phase separation. In addition, we highlight our recent discovery of a new PTM involved in the phase transition during the pathogenesis of fused-in-sarcoma (FUS)-associated ALS. We suggest a molecular mechanism through which LLPS mediates glutathionylation in FUS-linked ALS. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of the key molecular mechanisms of LLPS-mediated aggregate formation by PTMs, which will help further the understanding of the pathogenesis and development of ALS therapeutics.
The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of trace metals in the blood of the general Korean population. A total of 258 healthy individuals, according to their regular medical check-ups, ...(119 males and 139 females, age ranging from 12 to 78 years old) were enrolled from December 2014 to December 2016. Levels of 10 trace elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The geometric mean (GM) levels for lead, arsenic, cesium, mercury, aluminum, cadmium, copper, manganese, selenium, and zinc were 15.97 μg/L, 7.19 μg/L, 2.39 μg/L, 3.41 μg/L, 10.57 μg/L, 0.78 μg/L, 979.8 μg/L, 11.06 μg/L, 111.37 μg/L, and 872.7 μg/L, respectively. There were significant gender-related differences in the levels of several metals; male individuals had higher Pb, As, Cs, Hg, and Se than females, while females had higher Cd, Cu, and Mn than males. We noticed remarkably high blood levels of Hg, As and Al in the Korean population. The element concentrations reported represent a new contribution to the knowledge of the blood chemistry for the Korea population. The data can be used to assess the clinical health of this population.
Energy piles encase heat exchange pipes in a pile foundation to use geothermal energy. This paper evaluates the constructability and thermal performance of energy piles equipped in a large-diameter ...drilled shaft. Two energy piles were constructed by fabricating coil-type heat exchange pipes in cast-in-place concrete piles. The coil pitch was designed to be 200 mm and 500 mm, respectively. The constructability of each energy pile was evaluated in terms of time and ease for installing. In-situ TRTs were performed to compare the thermal performance of energy piles. The relative heat exchange efficiency for the coil pitch 200 mm is only 1.2 times greater than that of the coil pitch 500 mm energy pile, even though the coil pitch 200 mm energy pile encases the heat exchange pipe 2.4 times as longer as the coil pitch 500 mm. In addition, the result of TRTs was compared with two well-known analytical to estimate thermal properties of ground formation. A thermal performance test was carried out by applying artificial cooling operation to the energy piles, and indicates the heat exchange rate is not directly proportional to the pipe length because the tighter coil pitch configuration may cause thermal interference between the coil loops.
•Two large-diameter cast-in-place energy piles set with coil-type heat exchange pipes.•TRTs and thermal performance tests to study effect of coil pitch configuration.•The longer heat exchange pipe, the more heat exchange rate.•Heat exchange rate is not directly proportional to encased pipe length.•Tighter coil pitch configuration causes thermal interference between coil loops.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive lipid accumulation and imbalances in lipid metabolism in the liver. Although nuclear receptors (NRs) play a crucial role in ...hepatic lipid metabolism, the underlying mechanisms of NR regulation in NAFLD remain largely unclear.
Using network analysis and RNA-seq to determine the correlation between NRs and microRNA in human NAFLD patients, we revealed that
specifically targets
mimic and anti-
were administered to human HepG2 and Huh-7 cells and mouse primary hepatocytes as well as high-fat diet (HFD)- or methionine-deficient diet (MCD)-fed mice to verify the specific function of
in NAFLD. We tested the inhibition of the therapeutic effect of a PPARα agonist, fenofibrate, by
and the synergic effect of combination of fenofibrate with anti-
in NAFLD mouse model.
We revealed that
specifically targets
through miRNA regulatory network analysis of nuclear receptor genes in NAFLD. The expression of
was upregulated in free fatty acid (FA)-treated hepatocytes and the livers of both obesity-induced mice and NAFLD patients. Overexpression of
significantly increased hepatic lipid accumulation and triglyceride levels. Furthermore,
significantly reduced FA oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis by targeting
. In
-introduced mice, the effect of fenofibrate to ameliorate hepatic steatosis was significantly suppressed. Finally, inhibition of
significantly increased FA oxidation and uptake, resulting in improved insulin sensitivity and a decrease in NAFLD progression. Moreover, combination of fenofibrate and anti-
exhibited the synergic effect on improvement of NAFLD in MCD-fed mice.
Taken together, our results demonstrate that the novel
targets
, plays a significant role in hepatic lipid metabolism, and present an opportunity for the development of novel therapeutics for NAFLD.
This research was funded by Korea Mouse Phenotyping Project (2016M3A9D5A01952411), the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (2020R1F1A1061267, 2018R1A5A1024340, NRF-2021R1I1A2041463, 2020R1I1A1A01074940, 2016M3C9A394589324), and the Future-leading Project Research Fund (1.210034.01) of UNIST.
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