This article aims to disambiguate the French verb baisser, which describes the downward movement of an entity, and to present its conceptual structure. Our approach is strongly based on the belief ...that the meaning of the word is conceptual, and that it reflects the world being looked at, not the real world (Honeste 1999, 2005). Our interest will focus on the locative and abstract meanings of the chosen verb, the uses of which we will study. Each use is a set formed by a predicate, defined by its arguments whose field is delimited by the predicate itself (Gross 2015). Arguments are defined using object classes. Each use is illustrated by a single sentence and a translation into Polish, the translation being a synonym of a word in another language. The type of event described by the verb will be studied, taking into account:
the situation described by the verb (kinematic, dynamic, according to Desclés 2003, 2005);
belonging to one of the four groups of verbs of movement, distinguished by Aurnague (2012) according to two parameters: change of location and change of elementary locative relwation;
polarity (initial, median and final, according to Borillo 1998).
Baisser has twelve uses (locative and abstract). Their invariant meaning is downwards movement, which is conceptualized in different ways: displacement of an entity downwards in physical space, but also as a decrease along a scale: of quantifiable value, of sound, of luminosity, intensity or quality, and finally of physical strength and of quality.
The analysis presented in this article is based on the trilingual parallel corpus CTLFR-PL-LT, composed of original French literary texts and their translations into Polish and Lithuanian. The ...undeniable usefulness of parallel corpora for studies in contrastive linguistics has already been established (Teubert 1996; Kraif 2011; Altenberg and Granger 2002 et al.). The corpora offer rich and reliable data, they ... “allow us to see meaning through translation” (Johansson 2007, 57).The purpose of this study is twofold: we first aim to analyse the semantic plurivocity of the French verb tomber ‘to fall’ in literary texts. Secondly, we propose to examine the heterogeneity of the equivalents of tomber ‘to fall’ in Polish and Lithuanian, which will allow us to specify which strategies (verbal or other) are used to translate the meanings of the chosen verb. We also check whether the selected verbs in the Lithuanian and Polish translations express the same meaning element of tomber ‘to fall’. It will be particularly interesting to be able to observe whether strategies adopted by translators are specific to each of the target languages, genetically different, or common to both. Thus, we hope to contribute to contrastive French-Polish-Lithuanian research, which has so far been quite scare.
L’analyse présentée dans cet article se base sur le corpus parallèle trilingue CTLFR-PL-LT composé de textes littéraires originaux français datant du milieu du XXème siècle jusqu’au début du XXIème siècle et de leurs traductions en polonais et en lituanien. L’utilité indéniable des corpus parallèles pour des études de linguistique contrastive a déjà été maintes fois prouvée (Teubert 1996 ; Kraif 2011 ; Altenberg et Granger 2002 et al.). Les corpus en question proposent des données riches et fiables, ils ... « permettent de voir le sens à travers la traduction » (Johansson 2007, 57).Le but de la présente étude est double : nous visons tout d’abord à analyser la plurivocité sémantique du verbe français tomber dans les textes littéraires français. Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous proposons d’examiner l’hétérogénéité des équivalents de tomber en polonais et en lituanien, ce qui nous permettra de préciser quelles stratégies (verbales ou autres) sont utilisées pour traduire les valeurs du verbe choisi. Nous envisageons aussi de vérifier si les verbes sélectionnés dans la traduction en lituanien et en polonais expriment le même élément de sens que tomber. Il sera notamment intéressant de pouvoir constater si certaines stratégies, adoptées par les traducteurs, sont propres à chacune des langues cibles, génétiquement différentes, ou communes pour les deux. Ainsi, nous espérons contribuer aux recherches contrastives françaises – polonaises – lituaniennes très peu menées jusqu’à aujourd’hui.
Falls pose a serious problem in elderly and clinical populations. Most often, they lead to a loss of mobility and independence. They might also be an indirect cause of death. The aim of this study ...was to determine an objective predictor of the fear of falling and falls in elderly subjects (ESs) and Parkinson's disease (PD) subjects. Thirty-two ESs were examined in this study, of whom sixteen were diagnosed with PD. The testing procedures comprised force plate measurements (limit of stability test-LOS test) and clinical tests (Berg Balance Scale, Functional Reach Test, Timed Up and Go test, Tinetti test). The Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) was used to evaluate the fear of falling. The range of the maximum forward lean was normalized to the length from the ankle joint to the head of the first metatarsal bone and was named the functional forward stability indicator (FFSI). The FFSI, derived from the LOS test, allowed us to demonstrate the real deficit in functional stability and individual safety margins. Moreover, the FFSI was highly correlated with the FES-I score and almost all clinical test results in elderly subjects (r>0,6; p0,6, p<0.05) was noted. The PD subjects presented a different balance strategy when close to their stability limits, which was also reflected in the lower values of sample entropy (t = (-2.40); p<0.05; d = 0.87). The FFSI might be a good predictor of the fear of falling in the group of elderly people. Additionally, the FFSI allows us to show real balance deficits both in PD subjects and in their healthy peers without the need for a reference group and norms. In conclusion, it is postulated that the popular clinical assessments of postural balance in PD subjects should be accompanied by reliable posturography measurements.
Physical activity (PA) is a factor that may have an influence on the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to identify the potential determinants of spontaneous PA in a PD ...patient group. A total of 134 PD patients aged 65.2 ± 9.2 years with a Hoehn-Yahr scale score ≤4 and a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≥24 were examined. For the study's purposes, the authors analyzed age, sex, education, history of PD, dopaminergic treatment, the severity of PD symptoms using Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and Hoehn-Yahr scale. Additionally, all participants were evaluated through a set of scales for specific neuropsychiatric symptoms including depression, anxiety, apathy, fatigue, and sleep disorders. A linear regression analysis was used with backward elimination. In the total explanatory model, for 12% of the variability in activity (R
= 0.125; F(16.133) = 2.185;
< 0.01), the significant predictor was starting therapy with the dopamine agonist (DA) (β= 0.420; t= 4.068;
= 0.000), which was associated with a longer duration of moderate PA. In the total explanatory model, for more than 13% of the variance in time spent sitting (R
= 0.135; F(16.130) = 2.267;
< 0.01), the significant predictors were secondary education and the results of the UPDRS. The patients with secondary and vocational education, those starting treatment with DA and those with a less severe degree of Parkinson's symptoms (UPDRS), spent less time sitting in a day. It is possible to identify determinants of spontaneous PA. It may elucidate consequences in terms of influence on modifiable conditions of PA and the proper approach to patients with unmodifiable PA factors.
L’objectif de cet article est de décrire les relations sémantiques hiérarchiques entre les mots construits avec pain, appartenant au champ lexico-conceptuel des produits de boulangerie-pâtisserie et ...entre leurs équivalents polonais. Les relations d’hyponymie/ hyperonymie existant à l’intérieur du champ analysé en français et de son correspondant polonais wypieki ne sont pas identiques. Ces différences ont un impact sur le choix des équivalents de certains termes dans la traduction. L’équivalent de base du mot pain est chleb, mais son hyperonyme pieczywo (niveau supérieur) est également utilisé, ainsi que bułka (co-hyponyme de chleb) et bagietka (hyponyme de bułka, niveau subordonné).
The aim of this article is to describe the hierarchical semantic relationships between words constructed with the word pain, belonging to the lexico-conceptual field of produits de ...boulangerie-pâtisserie in French, and their Polish equivalents. The hyponymy/hyperonymy relationships existing within the field analysed in French and its Polish equivalent wypieki are not identical. These differences have an impact on the choice of equivalents of certain terms in translation. The basic equivalent of the word pain is chleb, but its hyperonym pieczywo (higher level) is also used, as well as buka (a co-hyponym of chleb) and bagietka (a hyponym of buka, subordinate level).
Purpose Parkinson’s disease is one of the most frequent diseases of the central nervous system. Thorough knowledge of reasons for movement defects may contribute to the ability to quality of life at ...a good level as far as motor abilities are concerned. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of functional movement rehabilitation on the degree of intensity of movement symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Subjects The research was carried out in people diagnosed with stage III Parkinson’s disease, according to the Hoehn and Yahr scale classification. Methods In order to establish the clinical state of patients, parts I, II, and III of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, the Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living scale, and the quality of life in Parkinson’s disease questionnaire were applied. The intervention group took part in 60 minutes of functional movement rehabilitation twice a week for a period of 15 weeks. The main emphasis was placed on the ability to cope with everyday activities. Results A significant difference in scores for the given scales between before and after research the intervention period was observed in the intervention group. Conclusion The obtained results revealed positive that the influence of applied rehabilitation program had a positive influence on the degree of intensity of movement symptoms in people with Parkinson’s disease.
The mental health and well-being of GPs is a critical issue as they play a vital role in providing healthcare services to individuals and communities. Research has shown that GPs often face high ...levels of stress, burnout, and mental health problems due to their demanding work environment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, GPs faced additional challenges which further impacted their mental health and well-being. This study aims to investigate the impact of systemic work-related stressors on the level of well-being of GPs in Belgium during the pandemic, with a particular emphasis on identifying regional variations between Flanders, Wallonia, and Brussels-Capital.
Data were collected with a self-reported online questionnaire from 479 GPs Belgian practices between December 2020 and August 2021 as part of the international PRICOV-19 study that explored the organization of general practices during COVID-19 in 38 countries to guarantee safe, effective, patient-centered, and equitable care. Well-being was evaluated by the Mayo Clinic's expanded 9-item well-being index.
The findings of this study reveal notable regional discrepancies in the degree of well-being experienced by Belgian GPs, with the Walloon region displaying the lowest level of well-being (37%) in a population highly susceptible to professional distress (57%). Among the key stressors contributing to such distress, financial difficulties among patients (p < 0.011), the fee-for-service payment system (p = 0.013), a lack of work-related purpose (p = 0.047), and inadequate work-life balance (p < 0.001) were identified as significant factors. When examining the influence of regional disparities, it was found that the sole significant interaction between work-related stressors and region regarding the probability of experiencing distress was related to the possibility of workload sharing among practice personnel.
The findings from this study underscore the imperative for more comprehensive research aimed at scrutinizing the differences in well-being across the three regions in Belgium and identifying the systemic factors that influence the practice environment, as opposed to exclusively concentrating on enhancing individual resilience.
PDF
