Ciljevi ovog rada bili su procijeniti učinak izmuzivanja mlijeka na sastav, profil masnih kiselina, broj somatskih stanica i mikrobiološku kvalitetu mlijeka ovaca Chios pasmine. U istraživanje je ...bilo uključeno ukupno četrdeset osam životinja (16 prve, 16 druge i 16 treće i kasnijih laktacija). Sve su životinje hranjene sa 1,06 kg/ovci/dan koncentrirane smjese i 0,9 kg/ovci/dan sijena lucerne. Ovce su mužene dva puta dnevno tijekom 10 tjedana u izmuzištu tipa «Casse» 1x24 s 12 muznih jedinica. Dobiveni podaci analizirani su ANOVA testom. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je udjel masti ručno izmuženog mlijeka bio veći nego u mlijeku dobivenom cjelokupnom strojnom mužnjom, dok su udjeli proteina i laktoze bili na istim razinama. Unatoč višem udjelu masti u ručno izmuženom mlijeku, profil masnih kiselina u dvije frakcije bio je sličan. Samo su koncentracije eikozapentaenske kiseline (EPA) i dokoheksanoične kiseline (DHA) utvrđene u većim količinama u ručno izmuženom mlijeku. Broj somatskih stanica bio je niži u cjelokupnoj strojnoj mužnji, a mikrobiološka kvaliteta bila je bolja u ručno izmuženom mlijeku. Faza laktacije značajno je utjecala na sve izmjerene varijable.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with a probiotic live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance, carcass traits, and immune-oxidative status in ...artificially reared lambs. After colostrum administration, pure Chios lambs (n = 42) were divided into two homogenous groups (n = 21); the Control (CON) and Probiotic supplemented group (PROB), were artificially reared until the 45th day of lambs’ age. From the 30th until the 106th day of lambs age, both groups were fed alfalfa hay and a barley grain-based concentrate mix ad libitum. Moreover, 100 g of concentrate including 0.1 g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 live yeast (1010 CFU/g) was offered to PROB lambs to ensure a constant intake of the yeast. The yeast supplementation did not affect animal growth performance. The weight (g/100 g of BW) of the liver was higher in the CON lambs compared to the PROB-fed (P < 0.001). The overall carcass quality was improved in the PROB lambs as reported by lean color, fat color, fat firmness, carcass wetness, and overall acceptability (P < 0.001). Moreover, the Semimembranosus muscle redness (P = 0.025) and yellowness (P = 0.004) were higher in the PROB carcasses compared to the CON-fed. Blood IgA tended to decrease (P = 0.074) only on the 100th day of age of the PROB-fed lambs. The mRNA levels of IL1B were downregulated in monocytes (P = 0.065) and neutrophils (P = 0.001) of the PROB-fed lambs throughout the experimental period. A downregulation was also observed for IL10 in monocytes (P = 0.006) and neutrophils (P = 0.017) of the PROB-fed lambs. The mRNA levels of IL8 were also downregulated (P = 0.012) in the neutrophils of PROB-fed lambs. In conclusion, beyond the animal performances and carcass traits, the formulation of a barley grain-based concentrate mix might induce an inflammatory response that in the case of PROB-fed lambs was more attenuated.
•Probiotic live yeast supplementation did not affect growth performance of lambs.•Carcass quality was improved in probiotic live yeast-fed lambs.•IL1B and IL10 mRNA levels were downregulated in probiotic live yeast-fed lambs.
A previous study revealed that the inclusion of grape pomace (GP) in the diet for growing lambs had beneficial effects on the redox status and fecal microbiota. Herein, we investigated the effect of ...GP inclusion on performance, carcass traits and fatty acid composition of meat.
In the experimental trial of 55 days, lambs were fed with standard or diet supplemented with GP. Performance, carcass traits and fatty acid profile of quadriceps muscle were assessed.
GP inclusion in the diet improved growth performance, since the average daily gain was significantly increased by 2-fold in GP group. Regarding the fatty acid composition of meat, GP inclusion significantly increased the content of long chain n-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, and reduced the n-6/n-3 ratio compared to the control group.
GP supplementation in lamb diet may improve performance and may have beneficial effects on meat quality.
Forty lactating Greek buffalo cows were used in an experiment to determine effects of parity and calf birth month on productivity and milk composition. Buffalo cows gave birth on months June and ...August 2009, and were kept under semi closed system of management. From June to November, during the day the buffalo cows were allowed to graze on the surroundings from 10:00 h and flocked back at 16:00 h. In the experiment, which started on week 6 postpartum and lasted 24 weeks, buffalo cows were fed alfalfa hay, corn silage, wheat straw and concentrate, and were allocated, relative to parity, into treatments GBP1 (21 buffalo cows with parity 1, 2, and 3) and GBP2 (19 buffalo cows with parity 4, 5, and 6), and, relative to calf birth month, into treatments GBB1 (20 buffalo cows with June as calf birth month) and GBB2 (20 buffalo cows with August as calf birth month). Productivity and milk composition were not affected (P>0.05) by calf birth month. During the experiment, there were differences (P<0.001) between GBP1 and GBP2 treatments in average milk yield (4.1 vs. 5.3 kg/day), fat yield (0.33 vs. 0.41 kg/day), protein yield (0.19 vs. 0.24 kg/day), lactose yield (0.21 vs. 0.27 kg/day) and ash yield (0.033 vs. 0.044 kg/day). In contrast, milk fat (80.8 g/kg), protein (45.9 g/kg), lactose (51.2 g/kg) and ash (8.2 g/kg) contents, as well as somatic cell counts (82.9 ×1000/ml) and colony forming units (44.9 ×1000/ml), were not affected (P>0.05) by parity. Milk production and quality of Greek buffalo is generally satisfactory, and may be economically beneficial for local breeders.
In an experiment with twenty four lactating Greek buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) cows, effects of total replacement of alfalfa hay (AH) with corn silage (CS) on productivity and milk composition were ...determined. In the experiment, which started on week 10 postpartum, buffalo cows were allocated, after equal distribution relative to milk yield and lactation number (i.e., 2 or 3), into 2 treatments being AH and CS of 12 buffalo cows each. For a period of 8 weeks (i.e., weeks 10-18 postpartum), buffalo cows were individually fed a concentrate mixture (7.3 kg dry matter – DM/buffalo cow/day), wheat straw (1.8 kg DM/buffalo cow/day) and alfalfa hay (treatment AH; 5.4 kg DM/buffalo cow/day) or corn silage (treatment CS; 5.6 kg DM/buffalo cow/day). In the 8-week experimental period, there were no differences (P>0.05) between AH and CS treatments in milk fat (81.0 g/kg), protein (46.1 g/kg), lactose (51.2 g/kg) or ash (8.1 g/kg) contents, as well as in somatic cell counts (SSC; 108.8 ×1000 SSC/ml) and colony forming units (CFU; 53.6 ×1000 CFU/ml) of milk. Moreover, average milk yield (5.8 kg/day), and fat (0.47 kg/day), protein (0.26 kg/day), lactose (0.29 kg/day) and ash (0.047 kg/day) yields, was not affected (P>0.05). Thus, total replacement of alfalfa hay with corn silage as the main forage source in diets of lactating Greek buffalo cows resulted in similar productive performance.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of a feed supplemented with polyphenolic additives from olive mill wastewater (OMW) on lambs.
Lambs received breast milk until ...the postnatal period, and then they were divided into two groups and received control and OMW feed for 55 days. Redox biomarkers were measured in blood and tissues at days 15, 42 and 70 after feeding.
Feed supplemented with OMW reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive species and protein carbonyls and increased total antioxidant capacity, glutathione and catalase activity in both blood and tissues.
The administration of OMW-containing feed reinforced the antioxidant defense of lambs, which may improve their wellbeing and productivity. Additionally, this exploitation of OMW may solve problems of environmental pollution in areas with olive oil industries.
BACKGROUND/AIMOlive mill wastewater (OMW) is a byproduct of olive oil production. The aim of the study was to estimate the redox profile of lambs' vital organs after consumption of an ...OMW-supplemented feed. MATERIALS AND METHODSTwenty-four lambs received breast milk until day 15. Then, they were divided in two groups: control and OMW, n=12 each. The control group received standard ration, while the OMW group received OMW enriched feed along with mother's milk until day 42 and animals (n=6 per group) were sacrificed. The remaining 12 received the feeds until day 70 and sacrificed. Tissue samples were collected at day 42 and 70 and specific redox biomarkers were assessed. RESULTSOverall, the OMW feed improved tissue redox profile by affecting the glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and γ-glutamate-cysteine ligase (γ-GCL) expression in all tested tissues. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was not affected. CONCLUSIONThe polyphenol-rich byproduct reinforced lamb redox profile and may putatively improve their wellness and productivity.
Background/Aim: A previous study revealed that the inclusion of grape pomace (GP) in the diet for growing lambs had beneficial effects on the redox status and fecal microbiota. Herein, we ...investigated the effect of GP inclusion on performance, carcass traits and fatty acid composition of meat. Materials and Methods: In the experimental trial of 55 days, lambs were fed with standard or diet supplemented with GP. Performance, carcass traits and fatty acid profile of quadriceps muscle were assessed. Results: GP inclusion in the diet improved growth performance, since the average daily gain was significantly increased by 2-fold in GP group. Regarding the fatty acid composition of meat, GP inclusion significantly increased the content of long chain n-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, and reduced the n-6/n-3 ratio compared to the control group. Conclusion: GP supplementation in lamb diet may improve performance and may have beneficial effects on meat quality.
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the replacement of soybean meal by extruded chickpeas in diets of growing–finishing pigs on meat quality. In a 17
wk study 48 ...growing–finishing crossbred pigs were fed ad libitum. The experimental design included four treatments, each one of 12 pigs; the ECKP0 treatment was fed with diet containing soybean meal and no chickpeas (control), while treatments ECKP100, ECKP200 and ECKP300 were fed with diets containing 100, 200 and 300
kg/t of extruded chickpeas, respectively. The lean meat quality of the
longissimus lumborum et thoracis muscle was evaluated by chemical analysis (moisture, protein, fat and ash), fatty acid profile, pH measurement, cooking loss, color evaluation, and sensory evaluation. Odor and taste, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability were scored on 1–10 scales by a group of 10 experienced assessors after a standard cooking regime. Small differences were observed between control and experimental groups in chemical composition (
P
>
0.05). Fatty acid profiles, pH measurements and color evaluation did not differ among treatments (
P
>
0.05), while cooking loss was significantly lower in the control group (
P
<
0.05). The taste panel gave slightly higher scores for the tenderness and juiciness for the control group compared with the chickpea treatments (
P
<
0.05). No differences were observed between control and experimental groups in taste scores (
P
>
0.05). It is concluded that the replacement of soybean meal by extruded chickpeas, when substituted isonitrogenously and isoenergetically at inclusion levels up to 300
kg/t of pig, does not influence significantly meat quality.
PDF
