Bio-mediated synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was carried out by utilizing the reducing and capping potential of
Andrographis paniculata
leaf extract. The capped ZnO NPs were ...characterized using UV–Vis, XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM and SAED analyses. FTIR analysis suggested the role of phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and proteins of
A. paniculata
leaf extract, in nucleation and stability of ZnO NPs. XRD pattern compared with the standard confirmed spectrum of zinc oxide particles formed in the present experiments were in the form of nanocrystals, as evidenced by the peaks at 2
θ
values. SEM and TEM analysis of ZnO NPs reveals those spherical and hexagonal shapes and the sizes at the range of 96–115 and 57 ± 0.3 nm, respectively. The synthesized nanoparticles possess strong biological activities regarding anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory potentials which could be utilized in various biological applications by the cosmetic, food and biomedical industries.
Recent advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology intend new and innovative applications in the food industry. Nanotechnology exposed to be an efficient method in many fields, particularly the food ...industry and the area of functional foods. Though as is the circumstance with the growth of any novel food processing technology, food packaging material, or food ingredient, additional studies are needed to demonstrate the potential benefits of nanotechnologies and engineered nanomaterials designed for use in foods without adverse health effects. Nanoemulsions display numerous advantages over conventional emulsions due to the small droplets size they contain: high optical clarity, excellent physical constancy against gravitational partition and droplet accumulation, and improved bioavailability of encapsulated materials, which make them suitable for food applications. Nano-encapsulation is the most significant favorable technologies having the possibility to ensnare bioactive chemicals. This review highlights the applications of current nanotechnology research in food technology and agriculture, including nanoemulsion, nanocomposites, nanosensors, nano-encapsulation, food packaging, and propose future developments in the developing field of agrifood nanotechnology. Also, an overview of nanostructured materials, and their current applications and future perspectives in food science are also presented.
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In the present time, there is enormous need for environmentally friendly and effective corrosion inhibitor for the acidizing process. During acidization 15% hydrochloric acid is used, ...which causes corrosion of N80 steel.
The present study aims at the synthesis of environmentally benign corrosion inhibitor, namely 2-amino-4-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile (PCP), and corrosion inhibition evaluation for N80 steel in 15% HCl. The inhibition potential of PCP was examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), density functional theory (DFT), and molecular dynamics simulation (MSD). The surface morphology of N80 steel samples was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle measurement, UV–vis spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
The EIS measurements disclosed that PCP inhibits corrosion via kinetic controlled process. PDP results confirmed that PCP is a mixed type inhibitor and reduces the corrosion process effectively at 400 mg/L concentration with 98.4% efficiency. The adsorption of PCP followed Langmuir isotherm. Surface analysis by SEM, AFM, contact angle measurement, and UV–vis spectroscopy supports PCP adsorption over the N80 steel surface. The DFT study explores the adsorption and reactive regions of the PCP molecules. The MSD reveals that the diffusion co-efficient of the corrosive species in inhibited solution is less as compared to uninhibited.
Interest in “green nanotechnology” in nanoparticle biosynthesis is growing among researchers. Nanotechnologies, due to their physicochemical and biological properties, have applications in diverse ...fields, including drug delivery, sensors, optoelectronics, and magnetic devices. This review focuses on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant sources. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is an eco-friendly approach, which should be further explored for the potential of different plants to synthesize nanoparticles. The sizes of AgNPs are in the range of 1 to 100 nm. Characterization of synthesized nanoparticles is accomplished through UV spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. AgNPs have great potential to act as antimicrobial agents. The green synthesis of AgNPs can be efficiently applied for future engineering and medical concerns. Different types of cancers can be treated and/or controlled by phytonanotechnology. The present review provides a comprehensive survey of plant-mediated synthesis of AgNPs with specific focus on their applications, e.g., antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.
Global deterioration of water, air, and soil quality by the release of toxic chemicals from anthropogenic pollutants is becoming a serious global problem. The extensive use of copper oxide ...nanoparticles (CuO NPs) can be environmentally hazardous when these NPs enter the atmosphere. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of CuO NPs on plant growth, photosynthetic capacity, and bioactive compounds, as well as their transcriptional level changes in
Brassica rapa
seedlings. Chlorophyll, carotenoid, and sugar content decreased, while proline and anthocyanins were significantly enhanced in the CuO NP-treated seedlings compared with the untreated controls. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) production were also enhanced in the seedlings exposed to CuO NPs, which could have caused DNA damage that was detected by a DNA laddering assay. The glucosinolate (GSL) and phenolic compound content were significantly increased in CuO NP-treated seedlings compared with that in control seedlings. Transcriptional variation of genes associated with oxidative stress (
CAT
,
POD
, and
GST
), R2R3-type
MYB
involved in GSL (
BrMYB28
,
BrMYB29
,
BrMYB34
, and
BrMYB51
), and phenolic compounds (
ANS
,
PAP1
,
PAL
, and
FLS
) biosynthesis was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Significant upregulation of
CAT
,
POD
,
GST
,
BrMYB28
,
BrMYB29
,
BrMYB34
,
BrMYB51
,
ANS
,
PAP1
,
PAL
, and
FLS
genes was observed in seedlings exposed to different concentrations of CuO NPs relative to the untreated seedlings. Therefore, we suggest that the use of CuO NPs could stimulate the toxic effects and enhance phytochemicals (i.e., glucosinolates and phenolic compounds) in
B. rapa
.
•Strength of the concrete with EOF steel slag is same as conventional concrete.•Surface modification of steel slag with fly ash cement slurry considerably sealed the pores.•Chloride ion permeability ...was reduced due to surface modification of steel slag.•Corrosion initiation of reinforcement was delayed in treated steel slag concrete.
Extraction of a massive volume of stone aggregate from the earth harms the environment through deforestation, air pollution, wasteland development (exhausted quarries), etc. On the other hand, dumping of tons and tons of slag from steel industries occupies more land area and causing pollution. Energy Optimized Furnace (EOF) steel slag (from JSW steels, Macheri, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India) is proposed as a substitute for the natural aggregate utilized in structural concrete. The main objective of the study is to improve the corrosion resistance of steel slag concrete. The porous structure of steel slag affects the durability properties of the concrete made with steel slag. The surface of EOF steel slag was treated with fly ash: cement slurry coating. The effectiveness of the surface treatment on steel slag in concrete was compared with steel slag concrete using corrosion inhibitor. In this present study, concrete specimens were prepared with EOF steel slag, surface-treated steel slag, and steel slag and corrosion inhibitor. The slag concrete was studied for its compressive strength, chloride ion permeability, and risk assessment of steel reinforcement corrosion embedded in concrete. The strength of EOF steel slag concrete is significantly acceptable. The surface modification of steel slag with fly ash: cement proved its significance by reducing the permeability of steel slag concrete. Since, the pores in the steel slag were filled entirely with pozzolanic gel with reduced interconnectivity of the pores. The surface modification of steel slag enhanced the corrosion resistance of steel slag concrete by taking longer times to reach high corrosion potentials.
The anti-corrosion potency of analgin on the corrosion of aluminum in 0.5 M HCl solution was examined at various concentrations and temperatures (298-328 K) through methods viz., weight loss studies, ...potentiodynamic polarization techniques, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), computational studies and AFM studies. PDP data reveal that all analgin acts as a significant mixed-type effect at high inhibitor concentrations of 4000 ppm. EIS data reveal better adsorption of analgin on aluminum surface at increased inhibitor concentrations reaching a maximum efficiency of 92% at 4000 ppm. Analgin was inclined toward the Langmuir adsorption-isotherm. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to illustrate the most conceivable adsorption configuration between the inhibitor and metal surface.
Highly active metal nanoparticle (MNP) supported cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composites (Au/CNF, Ni/CNF and Ag/CNF) were prepared for the reduction of 4- and 2-nitrophenols (4-NP and 2-NP) in water. ...Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the ultrafine nanoparticles (Au, Ni and Ag NPs) were uniformly deposited on CNFs surface. The content of Au (9.7 wt%), Ni (21.5 wt%) and Ag (22.6 wt%) in Au/CNF, Ni/CNF and Ag/CNF respectively was determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and inductive coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) analysis. The chemical state of the MNPs in Au/CNF, Ni/CNF and Ag/CNF was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The significant metal-support interaction was studied by means of XPS. The Au/CNF, Ni/CNF and Ag/CNF demonstrated excellent catalytic activity towards the reduction of nitrophenols to aminophenols in water. To our delight, even a very low amount of catalyst was also found to be good enough to achieve 100% reduction of 4- and 2-NP with a higher reaction rate (within 5 min). The best rate constant (
) values were determined for the cellulose nanocomposites. To the best our knowledge, Au/CNF, Ni/CNF and Ag/CNF are the most efficient nanocatalysts for the reduction of 4- and 2-NP reported to date. The catalytic performance of Au/CNF, Ni/CNF and Ag/CNF was compared with previously reported results. A possible mechanism has been proposed for these catalytic systems.
There is controversy as to whether specific natural products play a role in directly mediating antagonistic plant–plant interactions – that is, allelopathy. If proved to exist, such phenomena would ...hold considerable promise for agronomic improvement of staple food crops such as rice (Oryza sativa).
However, while substantiated by the presence of phytotoxic compounds at potentially relevant concentrations, demonstrating a direct role for specific natural products in allelopathy has been difficult because of the chemical complexity of root and plant litter exudates. This complexity can be bypassed via selective genetic manipulation to ablate production of putative allelopathic compounds, but such an approach previously has not been applied.
The rice diterpenoid momilactones provide an example of natural products for which correlative biochemical evidence has been obtained for a role in allelopathy. Here, we apply reverse genetics, using knock-outs of the relevant diterpene synthases (copalyl diphosphate synthase 4 (OsCPS4) and kaurene synthase-like 4 (OsKSL4)), to demonstrate that rice momilactones are involved in allelopathy, including suppressing growth of the widespread rice paddy weed, barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli).
Thus, our results not only provide novel genetic evidence for natural product-mediated allelopathy, but also furnish a molecular target for breeding and metabolic engineering of this important crop plant.
Exosomes: Current use and future applications Chung, Ill-Min; Rajakumar, Govindasamy; Venkidasamy, Baskar ...
Clinica chimica acta,
January 2020, 2020-Jan, 2020-01-00, 20200101, Letnik:
500
Journal Article
Recenzirano
•Exosomes mediate cell-to-cell communication by transfer of functional substances such as nucleic acids, proteins, etc.•Exosomes contain many components which may represent biomarkers.•Exosomes are ...ideal candidates for non-invasive biomarker for several diseases.•Exosomes are considered the best biomarkers for cancer and several disease diagnosis.
Exosomes are endosomal-derived vesicles that play a critical role in cell-to-cell communication and are secreted in several biological fluids including serum, saliva, urine, ascites, and cerebro-spinal fluid amongst others. Exosomes are small (30–150 nm diameter) with a distinctive bilipid protein structure. They can carry and exchange various cargos between cells and are used as a non-invasive biomarker for several diseases. Exosomes are considered the best biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, owing to their unique characteristics. Here, we provide a review of the up-to-date applications of exosomes, derived from various sources, in the prognosis and diagnosis of several diseases including cancer, cardiovascular and regenerative diseases as well as, arthritis, neurological diseases, and diabetes mellitus. The role of exosomes and their applications in biomedical research and preclinical trials have also been briefly discussed.
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