Abstract Anterior chest burns in young females frequently result in complicated problems such as scar contracture, damage to the nipple–areolar complex and breast tissue. Furthermore, an absent ...breast mound, hypoplasia or disfigurement of developed breasts can result in breast asymmetry and psychological problems. So we presented an alternative procedure that combines burn scar reconstruction and augmentation mammaplasty performed during one operative session. We believe patients who have either smaller natural breasts or burned breast with anterior chest scar contracture can earn both functional and aesthetical benefits via this simultaneous operation.
A periodic add/drop system in a fiber ring network was investigated using a reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) in a re-circulating fiber loop. After seven cascaded add/drop nodes at ...every 150km along the transmission, at bit error ratio (BER) equals to 10−9 and data rate of 10Gbps, we observed a 2.5dB power penalty for the passing through channels with 1050km transmission distance, and 0.3dB sensitivity penalty variation for the periodic add/drop channels at every 150km, respectively.
We experimentally studied the cascadability of a 200 GHz channel spaced ROADM for Metro network applications using a re-circulating loop. After seven cascaded nodes and 1100-km transmission, a 2.5 dB ...sensitivity penalty was observed.
We propose a pathogen-classification system using the Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) platform. The system differentiates the pathogens based on their SERS spectra, which are believed to be ...related to the surface chemical components. The specialty of the system is to not only consider the usual classification accuracy, but also pay attention to the different types of costs during misclassification. For instance, due to the effectiveness of treatments, the cost of classifying a Gram-positive bacterium as another Gram-positive one should be lower than the cost of classifying a Gram-positive bacterium as a Gram-negative one. We express the task as the cost-sensitive classification problem, and take state-of-the-art cost-sensitive classification algorithms from the machine learning community to conquer the task. Our experimental study validates the usefulness of those algorithms on building the system.
Bacterial meningitis is still a life-threatening disease, and early diagnosis of pathogen can be crucial to improving survival rate. Using the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform ...developed by our group, the pathogens can be differentiated on the basis of their SERS spectra which are believed to related to their surface chemical components. We collected the SERS spectra of ten pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae(Spn), Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus, GBS), Staphylococcus aureus (Sa), Pseudomonas aeruginosae (Psa), Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab), Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp), Neisseria meningitidis (Nm), Listeria monocy-togenes (Lm), Haemophilus influenzae (Hi), and Escherichia coli (E. coli). These samples were obtained from patients in National Taiwan University Hospital, and were believed to represent the real diversity of clinical pathogens. Using the support vector machine (SVM) method, the classification accuracy can achieve around 88%. However, we noted that SVM cannot distinguish between E. coli, Kp and Sa, Hi due to the fact that the global features of these two groups of pathogens are very similar. We therefore incorporated a classification tree method that can focus on local differences in classification rules. This improved the accuracy to 90%. To get a better understanding of the SERS signals, we also compared several other classification methods. In addition, rule extraction method which attempts to explain why classifier fail or succeed is also discussed. Our preliminary results are interesting, encouraging, and await more thorough investigation.
Pharmacodynamic models of acetaminophen analgesia in children have not explored the efficacy of single oral doses greater than 40 mg/kg.
Children aged 9.0 +/- 3.0 years (+/- SD) and weight 37.9+/- ...16.6 kg undergoing outpatient tonsillectomy were randomised to receive acetaminophen elixir 40 mg/kg (n = 12). high dose acetaminophen elixir 100 mg/kg (n =20) or placebo (n=30) 0.5 -1 h preoperatively. No other analgesics were given. Individual acetaminophen serum concentrations and pain scores visual analogue scale (VAS) 0-10 were measured over a 4-8 h postoperative period. These data were pooled with data from a previous study investigating acetaminophen pharmacodynamics (n = 120) and analysed using a non-linear mixed effect model. Placebo effects and drug effects were modelled using effect-site concentration models.
A one-compartment model with first-order input, lag time and first-order elimination was used to describe the population pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen. Pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were similar to those previously described. Pharmacodynamic population parameter estimates population variability coefficient of variation (CV) for a maximum analgesic effect (Emax) model, in which the greatest possible pain relief (VAS 0-10) equates to an Emax of 10, were Emax 5.17 (64%) and 50% effective concentration 9.98 mg/l (107%). The equilibration half-life (t(eq)) of the analgesic effect compartment was 53 min (217%). A placebo drug model for the effects of placebo response had a t(eq) of 1.96 h (40%), an elimination half-life of 2.06 h (50%) and a potency of 1.54 pain relief units (24%).
High dose acetaminophen (100 mg/kg) was no more effective than 40 mg/kg and was associated with increased nausea and vomiting. A target effect compartment concentration of 10 mg/l is expected to produce a pain reduction of 2.6 units. The placebo model accounted for a maximum pain reduction of 5.6 units at 3 h. The combination of placebo effect and preoperative acetaminophen 40 mg/kg results in pain scores below 4 units for 5 h postoperatively.
碩士
國立中山大學
資訊管理學系研究所
92
As the deregulation of the mobile number portability (MNP) and the emergence of such new technologies and services as PHS and 3G, the mobile telecommunications industry in ...Taiwan becomes highly competitive than ever. Under such competition, customer churning and profit declining have become of great concerns to mobile service providers. In response, most of providers continuously develop and introduce new value-added products and services. Frequent value-add products and services might strengthen customers’ loyalty (i.e., decrease customer churning) and improve gross profits, but the corresponding marketing cost would also be increased dramatically.
To lower the marketing cost and respond to market quickly, marketing staff typically adopts a pilot test based on the simple random sampling (SRS) approach or relies on marketing experts for defining potential target market for a new value-add product or service. The former approach requires a large number of respondents in the pilot test, w
PDF
