A new family of hypervalent iodine reagents containing transferable primary amine groups is described. Benziodoxolone-based reagents were synthesized on the gram-scale through operationally simple ...reactions in up to quantitative yields. These bench-stable solids were characterized by X-ray analysis and successfully employed in the α-amination of indanone-based β-ketoesters in up to 83% yield. Mechanistic studies indicate a substitution mechanism involving an electrophilic amine.
Quinoa, amaranth and purple corn are Andean cereals largely consumed in North of Argentina. Nutrient analysis with the purpose of inclusion in the Argentinean FCDB and e-search EuroFIR has become ...urgent matter. In this work proximate and mineral profile of Andean cereals cultivated in the North of Argentina were determined and compared with rice. Proximate analysis showed that Andean cereals have similar profile but significantly higher (p<0.05) than rice. Andean cereals are rich sources of iron, copper, manganese and zinc and better than rice. Phosphorus and magnesium quinoa content could contribute up to 55% of consumers DRI. Andean cereals and rice are poor sources of potassium. To guarantee the interchange of data among users and producers of FCDB component values were obtained in compliance with EuroFIR guidelines for compilation process. Present work provides necessary information to FCDB users who wish to have access to food reference analytical parameters.
Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a chronic, systemic, and often severe disease. The main causative agent of CanL is a protozoan parasite,
, with phlebotomine sand flies acting as vectors. In Europe and ...other continents,
is also responsible for leishmaniosis in other animals, such as cats, horses, and humans. In Portugal, animal and human leishmaniosis is endemic, and high prevalence levels of infections and disease have been reported in dogs. There is a prejudice against stray animals and also those housed in shelters, assuming they have higher levels of infection with vector-borne pathogens, including
, when compared to domestic animals. In northeastern Portugal, serum samples were obtained from March to May 2022 in three shelters (
= 179) and thirteen veterinary clinics (
= 164), resulting in 343 dogs being analyzed for antibodies to
spp. by the direct agglutination test (DAT). The overall seroprevalence was 9.9%, with 15.2% seroprevalence in domestic dogs and 5.0% in the shelter ones (
= 0.003). The fact that shelter dogs had a lower seroprevalence could be explained by more regular veterinary care provided in shelters regarding preventive measures, including insecticides with an antifeeding effect, in comparison with domestic dogs.
Diseases caused by ticks have a high impact on the health, welfare, and productivity of livestock species. They are also an important cause of economic losses in farms worldwide. An example of such ...diseases is theileriosis, which can be controlled by drugs or vaccines, although these are not fully efficient. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative and more sustainable and efficient complementary strategies. These may involve the identification and selection of animals more resistant to the disease. Several previous studies have identified significant differences in resistance between different breeds, with resistant breeds typically identified as those native to the region where they are being studied, and susceptible as those from exotic breeds. These studies have indicated that resistance traits are intrinsically related to the modulation of the immune response to infection. This review aims to systematize the general knowledge about theileriosis, emphasize resistance to this disease as a sustainable control strategy, and identify which traits of resistance to the disease are already known in cattle.
An association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease is now well documented; however, the effect of periodontitis severity levels on this outcome, specifically on acute myocardial ...infarction (AMI), remains unexplored. This study investigated the association between levels of periodontitis severity (exposure) and AMI (outcome).
This case-control study, matched by sex and age, was conducted with 621 participants, with 207 individuals treated in the emergency department of Santa Izabel and Ana Nery Hospitals in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, diagnosed with a first AMI event, and compared to 414 individuals without a diagnosis of AMI. Levels of periodontitis severity followed two criteria: (1) Center for Disease Prevention and Control and American Academy of Periodontology; (2) Gomes-Filho et al. (2018) using criteria that also evaluated bleeding upon probing. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed and odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained.
The adjusted association measurements showed a positive association between both severe (OR
ranged from 2.21 to 3.92; 95% CI ranged from 1.03 to 10.05) and moderate periodontitis (OR
ranged from 1.96 to 2.51; 95% CI ranged from 1.02 to 6.19), and AMI, for both periodontitis diagnostic criteria. It demonstrated that among those with moderate and severe periodontitis, the chance of having AMI was approximately two to four times greater than among those without periodontitis.
The findings demonstrate that there is an association between the severity of the periodontal condition and AMI, suggesting a possible relationship among the levels of periodontitis severity and the cardiovascular condition.
Q fever is caused by the pathogen
and is a zoonosis that naturally infects goats, sheep, and cats, but can also infect humans, birds, reptiles, or arthropods. A survey was conducted for the detection ...of antibodies against
in a sample of 617 free-ranging wild ruminants, 358 wild boar (
) and 259 red deer (
), in east-central Portugal during the 2016-2022 hunting seasons. Only adult animals were sampled in this study. Antibodies specific to
were detected using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; IDVet
, Montpellier, France) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The seroprevalence of
infection was 1.5% (
= 9; 95% confidence interval CI: 0.7-2.8%). Antibodies against
were detected in 4/358 wild boar (1.1%; 95% CI: CI: 0.3-2.8%) and 5/259 red deer (1.9%; 0.6-4.5%). Results of the present study indicate that antibodies against
were present in wild boar and red deer in Portugal. These findings can help local health authorities to focus on the problem of
in wildlife and facilitate the application of a One Health approach to its prevention and control.
The diversity of criteria used in the diagnosis of periodontitis in pregnant women makes it difficult to define and compare the disease. Using a systematic review, this study evaluated the accuracy ...of criteria for diagnosing periodontitis in pregnant women. Searches were carried out in the databases: Medline/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Lilacs, ProQuest, and CINAHL. Validation studies of the criteria used for diagnosing periodontitis met the inclusion criteria. The study steps were performed by three independent reviewers. A qualitative synthesis of the included articles was carried out and the quality methodological analysis using the QUADAS-2 instrument. The assessment of the quality of the evidence was obtained through the GRADE tool. A total of 592 records were identified, of which only 6 made up this systematic review. The included studies analyzed different criteria for diagnosing periodontitis, evaluating 3,005 pregnant women. The criteria selected as a test presented results equivalent to the performance of those recognized as the gold standard. The self-reported criteria were of lower diagnostic accuracy. A major limitation of this review was the small number of primary studies that evaluated clinical diagnosis of periodontitis in pregnant women, which was highly heterogeneous, making it impossible to carry out accuracy meta-analysis and additional analyzes. There is a lack of consensus on the criteria for the diagnosis of periodontitis, with great variability in the accuracy and prevalence of the disease in pregnant women.
A cross-sectional study was conducted to gain insight into the epidemiology of canine ehrlichiosis and rickettsiosis in northern Portugal. Specific IgG antibodies to
were analysed using a commercial ...enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and antibodies to
were analysed using a commercial indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). A total of 113 dogs from two different shelters were sampled, and seroprevalence values of 0.9% (95% confidence (CI): 0.2-4.8%) for
and 9.7 (95% CI: 5.5-16.6%) for
were found. Multiple logistic regression investigated risk factors for seropositivity. The odds ratios (ORs) of
seropositivity were higher for female dogs (OR = 6.429; 95% CI: 1.201-34.407). Dogs seropositive for co-infection (
+
) were more frequently observed among females (OR = 7.606; CI 95%: 1.478-39.132) and in Shelter 2 (OR = 18.229; 95% CI: 2.190-151.756). These findings show that shelter dogs in northern Portugal are exposed to
and
, which can affect both canines and humans. It is imperative to adopt a One Health approach to educate the public about the hazards of canine zoonoses and develop legislation and procedures to control their spread and preserve public health.
•Reliable discard estimates can be obtained from an indicator fleet.•Trip clustering in discards estimation procedure improves precision of discard estimates.•The adoption of a threshold for ...obtaining discards based on species frequency should be end-users’ decisions.•Decisions should consider bias-variance trade-off of discard estimates.
Onboard observer programs are key to collect data for fishery dynamics analysis and species bycatch and discard estimation. Major sources of bias of onboard sampling for catch data collection concern the vessel selection method, representativeness of catch sampling data and changes in fishing behavior in the presence of observers. This study was motivated by the worldwide issue of low number of vessels included in the sampling frame due to several types of refusals, and the representativeness of the samples for obtaining accurate catch estimates. Analyses were performed using trips from a bottom otter trawl (target fleet) and from the sampling frame, with and without observers onboard. Multivariate analysis of trips was conducted using logbook data, including landings, trip duration, fishing hours and spatial information, but not discards. Two groups of fishing trips were identified within the target fleet during the study period (2012−2015) with distinct fishing regimes, total landings and main landed species. Vessels from the sampling frame were representative of the target fleet and no observer effects occurred in the sampled trips. These findings support the assertion that the sampling frame used is an indicator fleet and analogous to a reference fleet. Cluster-based discard approaches improved the discard estimates precision, when compared to the fleet-based, in particular the cluster stratified approach. Our study suggests that the implementation of a threshold on the species prevalence in discards may potentially introduce bias in the estimates. Discard estimation without applying a threshold, with fleet- or cluster-based approach, should be ultimately dictated by end-users need, based on the trade-off between bias and variance.
