The genetic diversity of 87 isolates of Escherichia coli recovered from Australian pigs with neonatal diarrhea was examined by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. The isolates were of serogroups O9, ...O20, and O101, and although most isolates lacked K88(F4), K99(F5), 987P(F6), and F41 fimbriae, they were considered to be involved in the etiology of the diarrhea. The isolates were extremely diverse, considering their origin from a single pathological condition in one country. There were estimated to be 18, 16, and 12 clones of the three respective serogroups in the collection, with serogroup diversities of 0.387, 0.448, and 0.275, respectively. Comparison with the results previously obtained for isolates from piglets with postweaning diarrhea suggested that bacteria from piglets with these two conditions did not come from any particular common genetic background. The overall genetic diversity for the combined collection was the same as that reported by others for representative isolates selected from throughout the species (0.47). The current results indicate that if isolates of these O groups are involved in porcine diarrhea, their pathogenicity is directly linked to their O somatic antigen type and is not simply due to the wide distribution of a small number of virulent clones
This paper looks at the two-layer ocean model from a wave turbulence perspective. A symmetric form of the two-layer kinetic equation for Rossby waves is derived using canonical variables, allowing ...the turbulent cascade of energy between the barotropic and baroclinic modes to be studied. It turns out that energy is transferred via local triad interactions from the large-scale baroclinic modes to the baroclinic and barotropic modes at the Rossby deformation scale. From there it is then transferred to the large-scale barotropic modes via a nonlocal inverse transfer. Using scale separation a sys- tem of coupled equations were obtained for the small-scale baroclinic component and the large-scale barotropic component. Since the total energy of the small-scale component is not conserved, but the total barotropic plus baroclinic energy is conserved, the baroclinic energy loss at small scales will be compensated by the growth of the barotropic energy at large scales. It is found that this transfer is mostly anisotropic and mostly to the zonal component.
To date, eight closely related homologs of the Escherichia coli UmuC protein have been identified. All of these homologs appear to play critical roles in damage-inducible mutagenesis in ...enterobacteriaceae. Recently, a distantly related UmuC-homolog, DinB, has also been identified in E. coli. Using the polymerase chain reaction together with degenerate primers designed against conserved regions found in UmuC-like proteins, we have identified a new member of the UmuC-superfamily in the archeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. This new homolog shows high sequence similarity to DinB and a lower level of similarity to UmuC. As a consequence, we have called this new gene dbh (dinB homolog). Analysis of approximately 2.7 kb DNA encompassing the dbh region revealed several open reading frames (orfs). One, encoding a putative ribokinase, was located immediately upstream of dbh. This orf overlaps the dbh gene by 4 bp suggesting that both proteins might be coordinately expressed. Further upstream of the ribokinase-dbh locus was another orf encoding a potential ATPase homologous to two uncharacterized S. cerevisiae proteins (YD9346.02c and SC38KCXVI_20) and another E. coli DNA repair protein, RuvB. While this is the first report of a UmuC-like homolog in an archeon, we detected additional homologs using protein sequence comparisons in Gram-positive bacteria, cyanobacteria, and among potential human EST products, indicating that UmuC-related proteins comprise a ubiquitous superfamily of proteins probably involved in DNA repair and mutagenesis.
Monitoring of a large piggery in Victoria demonstrated that the rate of carriage by wild rats as detected by bacterial culture was 2.3 percent. The results indicated that adequate control of wild ...rats on piggeries should be an essential element of all attempts to control or eradicate swine dysentery.
We report a numerical study, supplemented by phenomenological explanations,
of ``energy condensation'' in forced 2D turbulence in a biperiodic box.
Condensation is a finite size effect which occurs ...after the standard inverse
cascade reaches the size of the system. It leads to emergence of a coherent
vortex dipole. We show that the time growth of the dipole is self-similar, and
it contains most of the injected energy, thus resulting in an energy spectrum
which is markedly steeper than the standard $k^{-5/3}$ one. Once the coherent
component is subtracted, however, the remaining fluctuations have a spectrum
close to $k^{-1}$. The fluctuations decay slowly as the coherent part grows.
Management of postoperative urinary retention Beadnell, S W; Connaughton, B; Farhood, V W
Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery,
12/1989, Letnik:
47, Številka:
12
Journal Article
We report a numerical study, supplemented by phenomenological explanations, of ``energy condensation'' in forced 2D turbulence in a biperiodic box. Condensation is a finite size effect which occurs ...after the standard inverse cascade reaches the size of the system. It leads to emergence of a coherent vortex dipole. We show that the time growth of the dipole is self-similar, and it contains most of the injected energy, thus resulting in an energy spectrum which is markedly steeper than the standard \(k^{-5/3}\) one. Once the coherent component is subtracted, however, the remaining fluctuations have a spectrum close to \(k^{-1}\). The fluctuations decay slowly as the coherent part grows.
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