Two dwarf irregular galaxies, DDO 187 and NGC 3738, exhibit a striking pattern of star formation: intense star formation is taking place in a large region occupying roughly half of the inner part of ...the optical galaxy. We use data on the H i distribution and kinematics and stellar images and colors to examine the properties of the environment in the high star formation rate (HSF) halves of the galaxies in comparison with the low star formation rate halves. We find that the pressure and gas density are higher on the HSF sides by 30%–70%. In addition we find in both galaxies that the H i velocity fields exhibit significant deviations from ordered rotation and there are large regions of high-velocity dispersion and multiple velocity components in the gas beyond the inner regions of the galaxies. The conditions in the HSF regions are likely the result of large-scale external processes affecting the internal environment of the galaxies and enabling the current star formation there.
Abstract Study Objective To ascertain current knowledge, attitudes, and practices of anesthesiology residents regarding tobacco control, and to determine the characteristics of current residency ...training offered in tobacco control. Design Electronically distributed survey instrument of anesthesiology residency program directors and residents. Setting University medical center. Measurements and Main Results The program director and resident response rates were 75/131 (57.3%) and 490/1182 (41.4%), respectively. Programs currently provide education regarding the perioperative consequences of smoking and, with the exception of the effect of smoking cessation shortly before surgery, resident knowledge reflected this curricular emphasis. However, the strong majority of programs did not offer education on how to ask about smoking status and advise cessation (79.5%) or help tobacco users quit before surgery (89.0%), though both program directors and residents felt these topics should be covered. A strong majority of residents (87.8%) felt the perioperative period was an effective time to assist in long-term smoking cessation, and desired education on tobacco control. Barriers to helping patients quit preoperatively included lack of time and low confidence in counseling abilities. Conclusions A need exists for expanded formal education on perioperative tobacco cessation interventions for anesthesiology residents.
Anchor bolts in annular stand-off base plates connecting cantilever sign and signal structures to concrete foundations may experience high shear from base plate torsion and direct shear forces. A ...three-phase experimental study evaluated the steel shear strength of anchor bolts in grouted and ungrouted annular stand-off base plate connections to concrete. Phase 1 included flush-mounted and ungrouted stand-off base plates with ⅝- and 1-in.-diameter bolts loaded in direct shear. Phase 2 employed a novel torsion test approach on 10 circular groups of six ⅝-in.-diameter bolts installed in flush-mounted, ungrouted stand-off, and grouted stand-off base plates, along with three ungrouted groups of three 1-in.-diameter bolts. Phase 3 comprised one ungrouted and three grouted full-scale annular base plate tests of six 1.25-in.-diameter bolts under predominantly torsion loading. Results from this study suggest that AASHTO's provisions allowing bolt bending stresses to be ignored for anchor bolts with an exposed length of less than one bolt diameter overestimate ultimate strength. The beam model suggested by AASHTO accounting for anchor bolt bending fits experimental data well and is recommended for all ungrouted annular stand-off base plates. The American Concrete Institute's 0.8 reduction factor for steel shear strength of anchor bolts in grouted connections was found to be conservative and is also recommended.
What is known and objective
The use of generic oral contraceptives (OCPs) can improve adherence and reduce healthcare costs, yet scepticism of generic drugs remains a barrier to generic OCP ...discussion and prescription. An educational web module was developed to reduce generic scepticism related to OCPs, improve knowledge of generic drugs and increase physician willingness to discuss and prescribe generic OCPs.
Methods
A needs assessment was completed using in‐person focus groups at American College of Physicians (ACP) Annual Meeting and a survey targeting baseline generic scepticism. Insights gained were used to build an educational web module detailing barriers and benefits of generic OCP prescription. The module was disseminated via email to an ACP research panel who completed our baseline survey. Post‐module evaluation measured learner reaction, knowledge and intention to change behaviour along with generic scepticism.
Results and discussion
The module had a response rate of 56% (n = 208/369). Individuals defined as generic sceptics at baseline were significantly less likely to complete our module compared to non‐sceptics (responders 9.6% vs non‐responders 16.8%, P = 0.04). The majority (85%, n = 17/20) of baseline sceptics were converted to non‐sceptics (P < 0.01) following completion of the module. Compared to non‐sceptics, post‐module generic sceptics reported less willingness to discuss (sceptic 33.3% vs non‐sceptic 71.5%, P < 0.01), but not less willingness to prescribe generic OCPs (sceptic 53.3% vs non‐sceptic 67.9%, P = 0.25). Non‐white physicians and international medical graduates (IMG) were more likely to be generic sceptics at baseline (non‐white 86.9% vs white 69.9%, P = 0.01, IMG 13.0% vs USMG 5.0% vs unknown 18.2%, P = 0.03) but were also more likely to report intention to prescribe generic OCPs as a result of the module (non‐white 78.7% vs white 57.3%, P < 0.01, IMG 76.1% vs USMG 50.3% vs unknown 77.3%, P = 0.03).
What is new and conclusion
A brief educational web module can be used to promote prescribing of generic OCPs and reduce generic scepticism.
The goal of this study is to develop an educational web module aimed at reducing scepticism of generic oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), increasing knowledge of generic OCPs, and increasing willingness to discuss and prescribe generic OCPs. The module identified groups with low knowledge and high scepticism of generic OCPs to target for further interventions.
To identify clinical findings in patients with suspected giant cell arteritis (GCA) that may help clinicians decide when to initiate glucocorticoid therapy.
Medical diagnostic codes and surgical ...indexing were used to identify all patients who had temporal artery biopsy at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn, between January 1, 1988, and December 31, 1997. Patient medical records were abstracted for pertinent clinical data, glucocorticoid use, and final diagnoses. Sensitivities, specificities, predictive values, and likelihood ratios were calculated for the association of the various clinical findings and the presence of a positive biopsy result. Graphic and arithmetic models were constructed to predict positive temporal artery biopsy results.
During the 10-year interval, 1113 patients had temporal artery biopsy. The results were positive for GCA in 373 patients (33.5%) and negative in 740 (66.5%). Twenty percent of all patients were taking glucocorticoids at the time of biopsy. The presence of jaw claudication had a positive predictive value of 78. Combinations of jaw claudication with new headache, scalp tenderness, and decreased vision had still higher values. Positive likelihood ratios in patients with these combinations and in those with diplopia were greater than 3. A normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients not taking corticosteroids provided a high negative likelihood ratio of 40. An arithmetic equation provided the probability of a positive biopsy result on a continuous scale using 6 variables identified by logistic regression. Patients with a greater than 80% chance of a positive biopsy result and those with less than a 10% chance were identified.
Positive predictive values, likelihood ratios, and an arithmetic formula identify patients who have an increased or decreased chance of a positive temporal artery biopsy result. Use of these methods to determine early initiation of glucocorticoid therapy before temporal artery biopsy or deferral until after biopsy may help reduce both vascular complications of GCA and adverse effects of corticosteroids.
Summary Objective To evaluate the effect of a human-bovine reassortant pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (PRV) on health care encounters in nearly 70 000 subjects randomized in three regions – Europe, ...the United States, and Latin America/the Caribbean – in the Rotavirus Efficacy and Safety Trial (REST). Methods Healthy 6- to 12-week-old infants received 3 doses of PRV or placebo at 4- to 10-week intervals. The exact binomial method for ratios of Poisson counts was used to evaluate the effect of PRV on the rate of rotavirus-related hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits involving rotavirus G-types 1–4 occurring ≥14 days after the third dose of vaccine for up to 2 years. Results In fully vaccinated infants, reductions in rotavirus-associated hospitalizations and ED visits were 94.7% (95% CI: 90.9, 96.9) in Europe, 94.9% (95% CI: 84.0, 98.9) in the United States, and 90.0% (95% CI: 29.4, 99.8) in the Latin American/Caribbean regions. Conclusions PRV reduced hospitalizations and ED visits within each region in REST. Results were consistent across regions and across the overall study cohort.
Using the Zwicky Transient Facility alert stream, we are conducting a large spectroscopic campaign to construct a complete, volume-limited sample of transients brighter than 20 mag, and coincident ...within 100″ of galaxies in the Census of the Local Universe catalog. We describe the experiment design and spectroscopic completeness from the first 16 months of operations, which have classified 754 supernovae. We present results from a systematic search for calcium-rich gap transients in the sample of 22 low-luminosity (peak absolute magnitude M > −17), hydrogen-poor events found in the experiment. We report the detection of eight new events, and constrain their volumetric rate to 15% 5% of the SN Ia rate. Combining this sample with 10 previously known events, we find a likely continuum of spectroscopic properties ranging from events with SN Ia-like features (Ca-Ia objects) to those with SN Ib/c-like features (Ca-Ib/c objects) at peak light. Within the Ca-Ib/c events, we find two populations distinguished by their red (g − r 1.5 mag) or green ( mag) colors at the r-band peak, wherein redder events show strong line blanketing features and slower light curves (similar to Ca-Ia objects), weaker He lines, and lower Ca ii/O i in the nebular phase. We find that all together the spectroscopic continuum, volumetric rates, and striking old environments are consistent with the explosive burning of He shells on low-mass white dwarfs. We suggest that Ca-Ia and red Ca-Ib/c objects arise from the double detonation of He shells, while green Ca-Ib/c objects are consistent with low-efficiency burning scenarios like detonations in low-density shells or deflagrations.
On 2019 August 14, the Advanced LIGO and Virgo interferometers detected the high-significance gravitational wave (GW) signal S190814bv. The GW data indicated that the event resulted from a neutron ...star-black hole (NSBH) merger, or potentially a low-mass binary BH merger. Due to the low false-alarm rate and the precise localization (23 deg2 at 90%), S190814bv presented the community with the best opportunity yet to directly observe an optical/near-infrared counterpart to an NSBH merger. To search for potential counterparts, the GROWTH Collaboration performed real-time image subtraction on six nights of public Dark Energy Camera images acquired in the 3 weeks following the merger, covering >98% of the localization probability. Using a worldwide network of follow-up facilities, we systematically undertook spectroscopy and imaging of optical counterpart candidates. Combining these data with a photometric redshift catalog, we ruled out each candidate as the counterpart to S190814bv and placed deep, uniform limits on the optical emission associated with S190814bv. For the nearest consistent GW distance, radiative transfer simulations of NSBH mergers constrain the ejecta mass of S190814bv to be Mej < 0.04 M at polar viewing angles, or Mej < 0.03 M if the opacity is κ < 2 cm2g−1. Assuming a tidal deformability for the NS at the high end of the range compatible with GW170817 results, our limits would constrain the BH spin component aligned with the orbital momentum to be χ < 0.7 for mass ratios Q < 6, with weaker constraints for more compact NSs.
Empirical ugri-UBVRc transformations for galaxies Cook, David O; Dale, Daniel A; Johnson, Benjamin D ...
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
11/2014, Letnik:
445, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We present empirical colour transformations between Sloan Digital Sky Survey ugri and Johnson–Cousins UBVR
c
photometry for nearby galaxies (D < 11 Mpc). We use the Local Volume Legacy (LVL) galaxy ...sample where there are 90 galaxies with overlapping observational coverage for these two filter sets. The LVL galaxy sample consists of normal, non-starbursting galaxies. We also examine how well the LVL galaxy colours are described by previous transformations derived from standard calibration stars and model-based galaxy templates. We find significant galaxy colour scatter around most of the previous transformation relationships. In addition, the previous transformations show systematic offsets between transformed and observed galaxy colours which are visible in observed colour–colour trends. The LVL-based galaxy transformations show no systematic colour offsets and reproduce the observed colour–colour galaxy trends.
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